Physical Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals
Dr. Emmanuel Kwesi Arthur
Department of Materials Engineering,
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi
February, 2019
Course Code: MSE 258
Email: [email protected]
Phone #: +233541710532
This course provides fundamental knowledge of metals other than ferrous metals, for example aluminium, magnesium, copper, zinc, titanium, nickel alloys and other significant alloys which are significant for commercial uses.
More importantly, the nature of the alloys associated with their physical and mechanical properties will be highlighted.
The selection of nonferrous alloys for the desired applications will be discussed such that the exploitation of nonferrous metals will be at its best.
Objectives
It is the purpose of this lecture to discuss some of the important non-ferrous metals and alloys from the aspect of physical metallurgy.
Particular emphasis is placed on their structure-property, classification, equilibrium diagrams and commercial importance.
Course Description:
W.F. Smith, J.H. Hashemi. Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Smith, W.F., Structure and properties of engineering alloys, second edition, 1993, McGraw-Hill, ISB 0-07-59172-5.
Text book:
Presentation
Tutorials and Class discussions
In class Quizzes
Assignments
Attendance
Assessments Mid-Semester (to be announced) End of Semester (to be announced)
Course Features
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Continuous Assessment (30%)• Assignments + Quizzes + Attendance (5%)
• Mid-Semester (15%)
• Group Presentation (10%)
End of Semester (70%)
The University Grading Scale
Grade Evaluation
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Academic success is directly proportional to the amount of time devoted to study.
Caution
Attendance is your job – come to class!Or our regularly scheduled time (Monday, 2:00 – 4:00
pm) AssignmentsDon’t copy from others; don’t plagiarize – its just the
right thing to do!! Read the relevant material in the textbook cited
(preferably before the lecture topic) Seek help: tutors, etc.
Tutorials – by Perseverance Dzikunu (TA)
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Course Outline
Overviews of nonferrous metals
Aluminium and aluminium alloys
Magnesium and magnesium alloys
Copper and copper alloys
Nickel and its alloys
Titanium and titanium alloys
Zinc and its alloys
Other significant alloys
Introduction
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Metallurgy- art and science of extracting metals from their ores and modifying the metals for use.
Metallurgy
Physical Metallurgy Chemical Metallurgy
mechanical and magnetic/electric/thermal properties of metals
Extractive metallurgy
HydrometallurgyPyrometallurgyelectrometallurgy
Branches of Metallurgy
Chemical Metallurgy –
is the science of obtaining metals from their ores, and of considering reactions of metals which are usually considered with an approach of disciplines belonging to chemistry.
It involves reactivity of metals which are also dealt in detail by electrochemistry and corrosion
Mechanical metallurgy -
Deals with the study of mechanical properties of metals Extractive metallurgy -
obtaining metals from ores and with the refining of metals
Types of extractive metallurgy are: hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy and electrometallurgy
Physical metallurgy –
a branch of metallurgy that deals with the physical properties and structure of metals and alloys
It deals mainly with mechanical and magnetic/electric/thermal properties of metals
classification of physical metallurgy
The figure below shows a broad classification of physical metallurgy.
Figure 1.1. A broad classification of physical metallurgy.
Major chemical elements available in earth
Aluminium is the most abundant metal in earth.
Element % by weight
Oxygen 45.2
Silicon 27.2
Aluminium 8.0
Iron 5.8
Calcium 5.06
Magnesium 2.77
Sodium 2.32
Potassium 1.68
Titanium 0.86
Hydrogen 0.14
Manganese 0.10
Phosphorous 0.10
Total 99.23
Crystal abundance of major chemical elements [from Stanner, R. J. L., AmericanScientist, 64, 258, 1976
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Distribution of Metals in Earth
metals make up about 25% of the Earth’s crust
aluminum is the most abundant
alkali and alkali earth metals make up about 1%
iron is only transition metal > 5%
only Ni, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Pt found in native form
noble metals
most metals found in minerals
natural, homogeneous crystalline inorganic solids
Metals Physical & Chemical Properties
Metals have shiness, they have LUSTER.
Metals are good CONDUCTORS of HEAT and ELECTRICITY.
Metals are SOLID, except mercury that is liquid.
opaque
Metals can be shaped into sheets, it means that they are MALLEABLE.
Metals can be shaped into wires, it means that they are DULTILE.
Metals are resistant to scratching, they are HARD.
Metals return to their original shape, it means that they are ELASTIC.
Physical
Metals form CATIONS, positive particles.
Metals OXIDIZE easily, so it is said that they RUST.
Chemical