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SUBMITTED BY:
POOJA SAGGUM.ARCH. (3RD SEM)
RECREATION ARCHITECTURE
F/O ARCHITECTURE & EKISTICS
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA
QUTUB COMPLEX (WORLD HERITAGE SITE)
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Delhi- Through the past millenium
A seat of one empire after another since 11th
century, Delhi is an amalgamation of many cities
built at different times in its thousand year
history. The modern day manifestations of Delhi
are physically very different but they all to some
extent overlap with the historic cities.
Delhi is strategically located on the banks of river
Yamuna, in the wide corridor between the
mountains and the desert, through which the
traffic used to pass between central Asia and
peninsular India. The city is situated where a
spur of the Aravalli hills meet the river Yamuna
and these rocky outcrops were the sites of some
of the earliest settlements.
The two main geographical features – the ridge the river – determined the drainage and the soil
conditions which were crucial factors governing settlement of people in these areas, based on the
knowledge of the terrain and the slopes, the water systems were planned and the structureserected to tap the streams at strategic points. These natural features have played a key role in the
evolution of the city.
Several cities were built in the terrain. All these cities of Delhi had extensive water harvestingsystems, which enabled its inhabitants to meet their daily needs
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Historic cities of delhi
Tomar king Anangpal II built the
walls of Lal Kot in 1060 A.D.
some 10 Kms away from Suraj
Kund on a more prominent and
easily defended outcrop of rock.
The original walls of the city were
3.6 km in circumference with a
speculated population of
Around 5000 – 6000.
The city was extended by
Chauhan ruler Prithvi Raj
Chauhan in 1160 A.D. and came
to be known as Qila Rai Pithora.
It was over four times the size of
Lal Kot with the circumference of
the walls being around 8 Km.
t is clear from the quality of carvings on the surviving temple columns that Rajput Delhi was a
place of some substance, even thought it was not the preminent city in the region.
Advent of Islamic rulers in India is marked by the end of 12th century A.D, with the defeat of Prithvi
Raj Chauhan, at the hands of Muhammad of Ghor , in 1192 A.D.
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Mehrauli
Mehrauli is a neighborhood in the south west district of delhi in india.
Mehrauli is one of the seven cities that make up the present state of delhi.
It is one of the tourist attractions in delhi because of several monuments.
Mehrauli glorious architecture from the past distinguishes it from other areas.
MEHRAULI
Mehrauli – Spirit of Place
Spirit is not some thing that can
be expressed in words. It can
only be felt, human lives areshaped and reflected in forms
and patterns arising out of
activities and needs, the
environment around us is a
statement of this.
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Introduction – Qutub Complex
Probably the oldest continuously inhabited region in delhi, the area around the
Qutub Complex, commonly known as Mehrauli, is the site of delhi’s oldest fortified city, Lal
Kot, founded by the Tomar Rajputs ruler Anangpal IN AD 1060.
The turks invaded the city of lalkot in ad 1192 and with this brought in the sultanate rule. The
Quwwatul- Islam Mosque (1192) is a masterpiece of Indo-Muslim Art and one of the Oldest
Mosques in India.
The most significant building of early sultanate rule is the Qutub Minar (a UNESCO world
Heritage site) built in the early part of the thirteenth century.
Around the qutub are important buildings like
Illtutmish’s tomb(1235),
Alai darwaza (1310) , and Alauddin’s madrasa (1317) built by later sultans such as Illtutmish
and Alauddin khalji.
Alauddin khilji also started to build another minar, that was meant to overshadow the Qutub
Minar completely. The construction of this building was abandoned after his death and today,
only a rubble base known as the Alai minar remains.
The Qutb complex was built by Qutb al-Din Aybak (reg. 1206 - 1211) who established the first
Islamic sultanate in the Indian subcontinent in Delhi in 1192. It is located within the citadel of
Qal'a-e-Rai Pithora (Qila Rai Pithora) where Qutb al-Din also set up his administrative quarters
and residence. Also known as Quwwat ul Islam, meaning the 'might of Islam.
Map Showing Qutub Complex and its surroundings
QUTUB
COMPLEX
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Site Location and its Connectivity
I.G.I
AIRPORT
NEW DELHI
RAILWAYSTATION
NEW DELHI
METRO STATION
SAKET METRO
STATION
QUTUB MINAR
METRO STATIONCHATAR PUR
METRO STATION
HAZRAT
NIZAMUDDIN
RAILWAY STATION
QUTUB
MINAR
A U R O B I N D O
R O A D
SAFDARJUNG
AIRPORT
LEGEND
Airport
Metro
Railway
station
N
LOCATION :
• Qutub Complex is on Mehrauli Badarpur road, New Delhi .
• Latitude - 28°30′57″n longitude - 77°10′39″e
• It has a semi-arid climate with high variation between summer and winter temperatures.
While the summer temperatures may go up to 46 °c, the winters can seem freezing to people
used to a warm climate with near 0 °c.
• The soil consists of sandy loam to loam texture. The water level has gone down in the recent
past hovering between 45 m to 50 m due to rise in population
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Land Use
ZONE - J
QUTUB
COMPLEX LAND
ZONAL DEVELOPMENT
PLAN FOR ZONE - G
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Site Surroundings
Surrounding Monuments
Mehrauli Village
Mehrauli
Archaeological
Park
QUTUB
COMPLEX
Lado Sarai
Lal Kot
Qila Rai Pithora
COUNTRY – INDIA
STATE – DELHI
ZONE – SOUTH
MUNICIPAL ZONE – ZONE J
SOURCE :INTACH
QUTUB
COMPLEX
Map Showing Heritage Route
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9
Qutub Complex (1192 - 1317 A.D.)
7
8
7. Screen Arched
8. Alauddin Khilji’s Tomb and Madarsa
9. Imam Zamim’s Tomb
9
• Qutub Complex consists of a Mosque and Two Minarets enclosed within a series of cloisterprecincts.
• This Rectangular Complex measures about 235 M (North-south) By 155 M (East-West) along
the exterior.
• The mosque, known as the Qutub or Quwwat-ul-islam Mosque, occupies the Southwest
corner of the complex. It consists of rectangular enclosures, all the later work of Aibak's
successors.
• The Iron Pillar stands on the Southwest corner of the complex. The Iron Pillar dates back to
the 4th B.C. It bears inscriptions that dedicate it as a flagstaff to honor the Hindu god Vishnu and
in memory of Gupta king Chandragupta II (375-413 AD).
• The Qutb Minar (minaret) stands in the southeastern part of this enclosure.
• The complex was entered via four monumental gates along the north, east and south walls, of
which only the southern gate (Alai Darwaza) remains.
• The unfinished Alai Minar (minaret) stands in the Northeastern part of the complex.
• A tall Screen wall with pointed archways runs along the western edge of the precinct, creating a
Qibla wall for the prayer spaces.
• In addition to these elements, the complex also contains several smaller buildings: the Tomb of
Iltutmish, Alauddin Khalji's Madrasa and Tomb, and the Imam Zamim’s Tomb.
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Timeline :- Qutub Complex •Anangpal Tomar II
builds fortress and
declares it capital
LAL KOT
•He brought IRON
PILLAR
106O AD
118O AD
Chauhans extended
Lal Kot to form Qila
Rai Pithora
1192 AD•Muhammad Ghors
defeated Chauhans
•Construction of
Quwwat- Ul –
Islam mosque
started
QUTUB
COMPLEX
1198 AD
Quwwat- Ul- Islam
mosque completed
1199 AD•Qutub Minar
const. started
•Screen arched
façade was
added in frontof sanctuary.
1 1 T H C
E N . A D
1 2 T H C
E N . A D
1 3 T H C
E N . A D
(1206-11 AD)
•Qutub Aibak ruled
appointed by Ghor.
•Only first storey
completed of Qutub
Minar
(1211-36AD)•Illtutmish ruled
In (1230) added 3
more storey’s in
Qutub Minar
1235 AD
Illtutmish tomb
built
1236 ADIlltutmish died
1 5 & 1 6 T H C
E N . A D
1 4 T H C
E N . A D
(1296-1316AD)
•Alauddin Khilji ruled
•Alauddin’s madarsa
&tomb
•Alai Minar
(1311 AD)•Alai Darwaza built
1368 AD•Minar damaged
by lightning
•Firoz Shah
Tughlaq added•2 storey’s
(1316 AD)
•Alauddin khilji
died (1489-1517AD)
•Imam Zamim came
to delhi
•He built this
masoleum in his life
time
•Died in 1539
1 9 T H C
E N . A D
(1803 AD)
Earthquake destroyed
toothless cupola
(1805AD)Repaired started by
Major Smith
(1828AD)
Restoration
completed by
major Smith
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1. Quwwat - Ul – Islam Mosque (Built by Qutub Din Aibak – 1195 A.D.)
The Quwwat-Ul-Islam Mosque
Belongs To The Qutub Minar
Complex .
It's Believed To Be the first mosque
built in India - It Was Built By
Qutub-ud-din Aibak in 1195 ad in
the citadel of Rai Pithora ,AlthoughSome Parts Show Signs Of Later
Additions .
Plan And View Of Mosque Built By Plan of Mosque extended by IlltutmishQutub-din-aibak In 1195 A.D
• EXPANSION of the MOSQUE CONTINUED AFTER
THE DEATH OF QUTUB.
• His son-in-law altamash (or illtutmish) extended the
original prayer hall screen by three more arches.
• Aibak demolished 27 Hindu and Jain temples and
used their materials to built the mosque Quwwat-ul-Islam.
Plan of Mosque further extended by Alauddin khilji
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2. Iron Pillar
• The IRON PILLAR dates back to the 4TH CENTURY BC. Originally placed within a VISHNU
TEMPLE COMPLEX AT UDAYAGIRI.
• It bears inscriptions that dedicate it as a flagstaff to honor the hindu god vishnu and in
memory of gupta king chandragupta ii (375-413 ad).
• The pillar is a symbol of the progress of metallurgy in ancient india.
• It is made of 98 percent wrought iron and has survived 1,600 years without rusting.
• Placed right in front of the prayer hall, embedded 1 m below the ground, the pillar stands 7.5
m high and its dia is 0.41m
DETAILS OF THE TOP OFIRON PILLAR.
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CLOSER VIEW OF THE ARABICCALLIGRAPHY. INSCRIPTIONPANELS OF KUFIC CALLIGRAPHY
RUNNING AROUND THE ORNATEBALCONY
THE STONE BRACKETS AREDECORATED WITH HONEYCOMBDESIGN, MORE CONSPICUOUSLYIN THE FIRST STOREY.
3. Qutub Minar • The QUTUB MINAR (minaret) was commissioned by QUTUB-UD-DIN AIBAK
(reg. 1206 - 1211) in 1199.
• The construction of Qutub Minar started during sultan Aibak’s rule (1192 –
1210) who only lived to see the completion of the base and the first storey, 29 m
high.
• Illtutmish (reg. 1211 - 1236) resumed work on the QUTUB MINAR and ADDEDTHREE MORE STORIES to it, topped by a CUPOLA (CHHATRI ).
• The present fourth and fifth stories, commissioned by Firoz shah Tughlaq,
were added during post-lightning strike repairs in 1368.
• Rising up to nearly 72.5 M, the tower tapers extensively from a diameter of 14.32
M AT THE BASE to approximately 2.75 M AT THE TOP, as an embellished
inverted cone reaching the sky. A SPIRAL STAIRCASE inside with nearly
379 STEPS leads to the top.
• Built in red sandstone, marble, and quartzite, all storeys are surrounded by a
projected balcony encircling the minar that are supported by exquisitely carved
stone brackets.
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4. Alai Darwaza
5. Alai Minar
• It is the SOUTHERN GATEWAY of the quwwat-ul-islam mosque, and is a gem of islamicarchitecture in india.
• It was built by ala-ud-din khilji in 1311.
• It is 17.2M SQUARE and pierced by arched openings that echo the contours of the coveringdome.
• The arch to the north is semicircular while the others are of pointed horse shoe shape.
The arched entrances and jail’s are
decorated by fringes of lotus budsIt has intricate carvings in red sandstone
and marble.
• This INCOMPLETE MINAR that lies within the NORTHERN BOUNDARIES of the
qutub complex evidently SYMBOLIZES THE SUPREMACY AND MIGHT OF THE SULTAN OF
THE KHALJI DYNASTY, ALAUDDIN KHALJI.
• The 24.5 M HIGH MINAR of just a single storey remained unfinished after the sultan’s death in 1316
To commemorate HIS
VICTORY OVER HIS
DECCANCAMPAIGNS, the
sultan dreamt of erecting a
tower right opposite and
twice the size of Qutub
Minar inside the enclosure
of the mosque.
ALAI MINAR: THIS MONUMENTIS JUST NEXT TO THE QUTUBMINAR, IT WAS PLANNED TOBE NEARLY DOUBLE THEHEIGHT OF QUTUB MINAR.
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6. Illtutmish Tomb
7. Screen Arched
• This self-built TOMB of the second ruler of the
SLAVE DYNASTY, SHAMSUDDIN ILTUTMISH,
WAS BUILT IN 1235.
• The STRUCTURE sits along the NORTH-WEST
CORNER OF THE QUTB COMPLEX, next
to Iltutmish’s own extensions of the Quwwat-ul-Islam
Mosque, and was one of the first tombs to be built in
the city.
The TOMB is 9 SQUARE METERS IN PLAN.
Its sheer austerity on the exterior, is a striking
contrast to the heavily decorated interior.
Placed centrally over a raised platform is the
main cenotaph in white marble with the burial
chamber or the actual grave beneath the tomb.
Dome was constructed using concentric rings,inside is decorated and elaborated withquranic verses. Marble is used in mehrab andcenotaph.
• The massive stone screen erected a few years later continues to be the only original
Islamic element left in the mosque.
• It consists of a central corbelled arch, 6.7m wide and 16 m high, with two similar,smaller archeson either side.
• Arches are Constructed in rubble masonry, the arch is faced and profusely carved
in red sandstone with exquisite floral patterns, verses of the Quran in Arabiccalligraphy
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8. Alauddin’s Madarsa & Tomb
It is located in SOUTH WEST of the Mosque.
It is built around a Quadrangular court entered on the north through a triple gateway. Originally
entered through the north, the madrasa with an l-shaped layout comprises a series of cell-like
enclosures that functioned as schoolrooms.
The madrasa is essentially a row of seven rooms, two of them domed, along the western
edge of a rectangular court.
Alauddin constructed this Madarssa, but few historians say that it was Iltutmish who made it.
It is on the SOUTH SIDE of the court.
It was combined to the madrassa, probably a Saljuqian tradition-being its first appearance inIndia.
It is a square structure with no dome now.
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9. Imam Zamim’s Tomb
• EAST of the ALAI DARWAZA stands the TOMB of IMAM ZAMIN.
• A native of Turkestan, Imam Muhammad Ali or Imam Zamin came to India during the reign of
Sikandar lodi (ad 1489 –1517)
• He built this mausoleum in his lifetime and died in A.D 1539.
• This striking TOMB is typical of the LODI PERIOD with SANDSTONE PIERS filled in withLATTICE SCREENS.
• The SQUARE CHAMBER is surmounted by a DOME OF SANDSTONE covered with plaster,RISING FROM AN OCTAGONAL DRUM.
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