Pork Industry
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TERMS TO KNOW Sow- Mature Female pig Boar- Male pig Barrow – castrated male pig Piglet- Young pig Gilt – Immature female pig
History…..Almost all people who lived on farms raised pigs
Why???
Required little space; provided side income; able to give them cheap feed; fed the family
History Cont.
Main reason for raising- LARD – rendered pork fat
Lard- used for cooking No synthetic oils- used lard to
fry & cook
Now…… Almost all hog operations are
on large farms
Fed a mixed feed ration
Production Gestation period (time required
to have young) – 3 months 3 weeks 3 days OR 114 days
Several pigs born each litter
Can quickly build up an operation
2 Types of Swine Operations
Purebred Operations
Commercial Operations
Purebred Operations
Most hogs are registered Less than 1% of total
hogs Provides industry with
foundation stock Usually large public sales
Type # 2 – Commercial
Divided into 3 main farms/operations
1.Farrowing Operation
2.Growing Operation
3.Finishing
Farrowing Operation
Sows usually have 10-14 piglets Sows placed in a farrowing pen to
protect piglets Weaned at 3-4 weeks
Growing/Nursery Weigh 10-15 pounds Placed on slotted floors Boars are castrated – to help
growth Fed high protein diet to enhance
growth
Finishing Usually weigh – 40-60 Will stay here until slaughter Placed in groups based on age
and size Kept in climate controlled rooms Slaughter weigh 220-250lbs
Breeds Of Swine
Duroc Origin-New
York/New Jersey Ears- Droopy Color- Cherry Red Misc.-Large
Frame, Fast gainers, good mothers, Popular breed
Hampshire Origin-
Kentucky Ears-Erect Color-Black
with a White Belt
Misc.-The “Meat Breed” Excellent Carcass
Berkshire Origin-
England Ears-Erect Color-
Black with 6 White Points
Misc.-Short Snout, Meat type hog
Poland China Origin-
Ohio Ears-
Droopy Color-
Black w/6White points
Misc.-Long body thick hams
Spots (Spotted Poland China)
Origin-Ohio Ears-Droopy Color-no
less than 20% or more than 80% White
Misc.-Good mothers, fast gainers
Chester White Origin-
Pennsylvania
Ears-Droopy
Color-White with blue freckles
Misc.-good mothers, large frame
Yorkshire Origin-
England Ears-Erect Color-
White Misc.-The
Mother Breed, Largest Litters
Landrace Origin-
Denmark Ears-
Droopy Color-
White Misc.-
Extremely Long Body
Tamworth Origin- ? Ears-Erect Color-Red Misc.-Not
Very good
Swine Reproduction
Swine Reproduction
Swine Reproduction
Farrowing a sow
The components of controlled delivery
Put sow in crate 1-5 Days before due date
Exercise Daily Feed 6 lbs daily Once babies are
born add one pound per pig to ration
Swine Reproduction
Farrowing Baby Pig Care - first 2 weeks
Have feed out from day 1
Give iron shot ¼ cc
Clip Teeth Castrate Ear notch
Swine Reproduction
Ear Notching
Universal Swine Identification system
Tags will come off in the feed pen
Swine Reproduction
Ear Notching
Swine Reproduction
Ear Notching
Swine Reproduction
Ear Notching
Quiz
Swine Reproduction
Ear Notching
The right (litter) ear is equal to 9+3+3+1=16
The left (pig) ear is equal to 3
This is the 16-3 pig.