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PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONALSYSTEM
26 May 2010
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HISTORY
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Pre-Spanish
Reading, (W)riting, (A)rithmetic
Rituals and ceremonies
Apprenticeship at home, or incommunity centers
Supervised by parents, elders, Babaylan
and Katalonan Alibata as the alphabet
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ALIBATA is a segmental writing
system that uses consonant-vowel
combinations. Each letter
represents a consonant
accompanied by a specific vowel.
Each character, written in its basicform, is a consonant ending with a
vowel A. For producingconsonants that ends with the
other vowel sound, a mark isplaced either above the consonant
(to produce an E or I sound) or
below the consonant (to produce
an O or U sound). This systemoriginated from India.
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SPANISH COLONIZATION (1521-
1898) Elementary, secondary and collegiate level
Priests as teachers
Dissemination of information aboutCatholicism
Primary instruction: free and compulsory.
Education inadequate, suppressed, and
controlled
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American colonization (1898-
1940s) Public school system
English language as medium of instruction
Reading, writing, arithmetic, language, goodmanners and right conduct, civics, hygiene andsanitation, gardening, domestic science,American History and PhilippineHistory
American textbooks and reading materials werethe only educational materials used
Technical/ vocational skills wereemphasized andGrade seven was included.
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Japanese occupation(1941-
1945) Nothing much was changed Use of Japanese language in the schools
Filipino children went to school to learn Japanesesongs & games
Institutions of higher learning giving courses inagriculture, medicine, fisheries and engineeringwereestablished.
Tagalog, PhilippineHistory, and CharacterEducation was reserved for Filipinos. Love for work and dignity of labor wasemphasized.
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STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION
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EDUCATION
Formal Education (Public or Private)
Basic education of 10 years
Collegeeducation usually 4 years Non-Formal Education
organized school-based educational activitiesaimed at attaining specific learning objectives for
a particular clientele, especially the illiterateadults and out-of-school youths
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Classes in Philippine schools start in June and
end in March.
Colleges and universities follow the semestralcalendar from June-October and November-March.
Some private schools in the tertiary leveloffer tri-semesters.
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FORMAL EDUCATION
13-16
7-12
3-6
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PRE-SCHOOL
Optional
curriculum focuses on
Physical development Personal-social development
Affective development
Cognitive development
Creative-aesthetic development
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Area of development Activities No. of minutes
Communication skills and socio-emotional development
Sharing period (experiences,songs, poems, news and
informal conversation
10
Cognitive development, socio-
emotional development, physical
development, creative development
Self-selected activities 20
Cognitive development, socio-
emotional development
Working period, including
more structured activities
45-60
Physical development, creative
development, socio-emotional
development
Supervised outdoor paly 30
Personal-social development, health
care
Clean up and snack 30
Physical development Rest 15
Any of the areas of development Story time or indoor activities 15
Total minutes 165-180
Sampleprogrammeofpre-schoolactivities
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ELEMENTARY
compulsory ; pupils aged 7-12
6 years of study except in a few schoolsmainly privateoffering aseven-year course
two levels: primary (Grades I-IV) and intermediate (Grades V and VI (or
VII)) Mission ofelementary education : to enable pupils to acquire a basic
preparation that will make them an enlightened, disciplined, self-reliant,God-loving, creative, versatile and productive citizens in a nationalcommunity.
Existing national curriculum, implementation and guidelines
Actual implementation is determined by teachers
Students are required to participate in co-curricular activities
Inclusion of the use of ICTs, articulated in terms of skills in accessing,processing, and applying information, and using educational software insolving mathematical problems and conducting experiments.
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Learning area Weekly time allocated to each subject (in minutes)
I II III IV VI VII
Filipino 400 400 400 300 300 300
English 500 500 500 400 400 400
Science (1) - - 200 300 300 300
Mathematics 400 400 400 300 300 300
Makabayan: (2) 300 300 300 500 600 600
Civics and culture 300 300 300 - - -
Social studies (3) - - - 200 200 200
Home economics
and livelihood
- - - 200 200 200
Values education, good
manners and right conduct(5)
Total weekly minutes 1,600 1,600 1,800 1,800 1,900 1,900
Elementaryeducation:sampleweeklylessontimetable
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TheNational Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) is anachievement test given to GradeVI pupils completing theelementary education course.
Students at theelementary level are annually promoted fromone grade to the next provided that they meet the achievementstandards set for the grade.
In Grades I-VI, students are rated in every subject four timesduring the year. A cumulative rating system is used as the basisfor promotion. The pass grade is 75 percent. The periodic ratingsare reported to the students and their parents through anindividual report card which provides for a brief narrativeevaluation of the students behaviour.
In most public schools, they conduct a Recognition Program aftereach school year to honor the years top 15 performing students.Recognition are in the form of giving ribbons, certificates and/ormedals. For GradeVI students, aside from theRecognition
Program, they also have their Graduation Day at theend of theschools year.
Top performing students are honored as valedictorian (for thetop performer), salutatorian, first to third honorable mention (forthe third to fifth top performers), and with honors (for the sixthto tenth top performers).
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SECONDARY
Continuation of the basic education provided at the first level
Expanded to include learning (general education) and training inbasic employable skills (vocational/technical education)
Four years of formal schooling and is addressed to students aged13-16
Prerequisite is completion ofelementary education. Themajor subject areas are science, mathematics, technology,
Filipino, English, and civics/national culture.
Technical and vocational education was adapted to technologicalprogress and employment needs in recent years.
In selective schools, various languages may be offered aselectives, as well as other subjects such as computerprogramming and literary writing. Chinese schools have language and cultural electives. Preparatory
schools usually add some business and accountancy courses, whilescience high schools have biology, chemistry, and physics at every level.
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I II III IV
Filipino language 300 300 300 300
English language 300 300 300 300
Science and technology (1) 300 300 300 300
Mathematics 300 300 300 300Makabayan: (2) 780 780 780 780
Social studies (3) 240 240 240 240
Home economics,
agriculture & fisheries,
industrial arts, and
entrepreneurship
240 240 240 240
Music, arts, physical
education and health
240 240 240 240
Values education (4) 60 60 60 60
Total weekly minutes 1,980 1,980 1,980 1,980
Subject Weekly time allocated to each subject (in minutes)
Secondaryeducation:sampleweeklylessontimetable
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Secondary school students are rated four times a year. If astudent fails in a particular subject, he or she repeats the subjectthe next year, but is, nevertheless, promoted to the next higher
year. A certificate is issued to secondary school graduates.
All high school graduates seeking admission to post-secondaryprogrammes requiring a minimum of four years study arerequired to qualify in theNational College Entrance Examination(NCEE) administered by theNational Educational Testing andResearch Centre.
Now there is no government-sponsored entranceexaminationfor tertiary education. Higher education institutions, both publicand private, administer their own College Entrance Examinations(CEE). Vocational colleges usually do not haveentranceexaminations, simply accepting the Form 138 record of studies
from high school, and enrolment payment. During Graduation Day, the top performing students are also
given medals, ribbons and certificates in honor of theirachievements.
In assessing their learning achievement, fourth year high schoolstudents are required to take theNational Secondary
Achievement Test (NSAT).
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TERTIARY
A student enters at age 16
Higher education consists of collegiate,
masters and doctorate degree programs invarious fields or disciplines including the post-secondary schooling leading to one-, two- or
three-year non-degree technical or
vocational courses.
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Degrees and Diplomas for
Undergraduate Level Certificate, Diploma and Associate Programs
These titles are awarded upon completion of programsrequiring 3 months to 3 years of study.
These are non-degree technical or vocational educationprograms leading to skills proficiency which are mostlyterminal in nature. Some one-, two-, and three-yearcourses are components of ladder-type bachelors degreeprograms.
Bachelors Degree (Bachelor (B.), Bachelor of Arts
(A.B.
),B
achelor of Science (B.
S.)) These titles are awarded upon completion of a minimum of
four years of study on a semestral basis. Some programshowever, require more than four years of study. If ontrimester basis, the program may be completed in less thanfour years.
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Degrees and Diplomas for
Graduate Level Certificate and Diploma Programs
These titles are awarded upon completion of one or two years ofstudy beyond the bachelors degreewhich are not equivalent to amasters degree.
Masters degree (Master (M.),Master of Arts (M.A.),Master ofScience (M.S.),Master of Professional Studies (M.P.S.) These titles normally requires completion of four semesters of
coursework, about two years in duration. Somemastersprograms require a thesis, some do not.
Doctoral Degrees (Doctor (D.), Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)) These titles are awarded upon completion of two or three years
of study beyond the masters degree. A dissertation is arequirement for graduation in the doctoral programs.
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Fields of Study
AgricultureEducation
Business and Management Education
Engineering and Architecture
Health Profession Education
Humanities, Social Sciences and Communication
Information Technology
Maritime Education Science and Mathematics
Teacher Education
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Study Programs
The minimum required total number of creditsunits for four-year bachelors degree programsranges from 120 to about 190 units.
For graduate programs, the minimum number ofcredit units are as follows: Masters program = 30 - 36 units (24 to 30 units of
course work, inclusive of required common coresubjects of about 12 units, plus additional 6 units for
thesis) Doctoral program = 45 - 60 units (inclusive of required
common core subjects of 12 units or more and 12 unitsof doctoral dissertation)
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Duration
of Study
Course programs Minimum number of
years
Undergraduate
Science and Mathematics 4
Humanities, Social Sciences and
Communication
4
Information Technology 4
Health-Related 4-5
Medicine (4 yrs. baccalaureate + 4 yrs proper) 8
Veterinary Medicine 6
Dentistry (2 years pre-dental plus 4 years
proper)
6
Engineering and Architecture 5
Marine Engineering 4
Business and Management 4
Agriculture Education 4
Teacher Education 4
Law (4 yrs. baccalaureate + 4 yrs. proper) 8
Criminology 4
Graduate
Masters program 2
Doctoral program 3
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Grading System
Letter Meaning Grade Point Percentage
A Excellent 1.00 97-100
1.25 94-96
A- Very good 1.50 91-93
1.75 88-90
B+ Good/above
average
2.00 85-87
2.25 82-84
B- Passed 3.00 75
C Conditional Failure 4.00
F Failure 5.00 Below 75W Withdrawn
UW Unauthorized
Withdrawal
INC Incomplete
NC No Credit
DRP Dropped
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Admission Requirements
Generally, each higher education institution
adopts a certain admission policy.
Some institutions require passing theentranceexamination and medical examination.
Some adopt open admission but selectiveretention.
As part of the academic freedom being enjoyed bythe higher education institutions, it is their right todeterminewho shall be admitted to study.
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SPECIAL EDUCATION
Special education develops the capabilities ofchildren who are physically, mentally, emotionally,socially or culturally disabled as well as gifted
children. Children with special needs are being attended to
through modified curricula, special services andphysical facilities for the maximum development oftheir potential.
Educational patterns for these children include thespecial class plan (self-contained/segregated plan),resource room plan, special education centres,special schools, and the itinerant teacher plan.
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HOMESCHOOLING
They permit study at the students own pace and allow a more flexibleschedule that enables the student to pursue work or other interestswhile studying.
Homeschooling involves the teaching of children at home, usually bytheir parents. the parent-teacher is a college graduate and is able to provide at least 4 hours of
instruction for kindergarten to 7th grade Parent-teachers may avail of school curricula, lesson plans, teacher-training, and
instructional materials through DepEd accredited homeschooling programs The cost for these programs is considerably less than most traditional private
schools.
An open university utilizes open learning approaches in providingstudents with courses leading to a degree, certificate, or diploma.Internet technology and print materials are most often utilized, plus
occasional face-to-face class sessions. While such an approach may limitsocial interaction, it is a viable alternative for working students,especially those living or working at some distance from the university.With theencouragement of theCommission on Higher Education(CHED), an increasing number of state and private institutions havebeen offering such programs since the 1990s.
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NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
Non-formaleducation is an organized learningactivity aimed at attaining a set of objectivesoutside theestablished formal system intended
for a particular clientele, especially the out-of-school youth or adult illiterates who cannot availthemselves of formal education.
Courses are skills-oriented and range from 6 to10 months.
Non-formaleducation objectives cater directlyto the immediate and current needs of people,rather than preparing them for some futuregains.
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NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
The BALS implements two major programs : the BASIC LITERACYPROGRAM (BLP) for illiterates and ACCREDITATION andEQUIVALENCY (A&E) PROGRAM for elementary and secondary leveldrop-outs.
The age limit is 13 years old and above for theelementary drop-out and15 years old and above for the high school drop-out. It also implements
a wide array of other related programs and projects in partnership withlocal and international organizations.
MobileTeacher Program was conceptualized as a means to bringeducation where the learners are.
Due to lack of manpower in the implementation of ALS programs in thefield, the Bureau of Alternative Learning System requested for theservice of some formal school teachers to be designated as full-time
District ALS Coordinator (DALSCs). Both MobileTeachers and District ALS Coordinator conduct intensive
community-based learning sessions for illiterate out-of-school children,youths and adults and those who have not finished ten years of basiceducation.
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ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT
DepartmentofEducation (DepEd) principal government agency responsible for education
and manpower development
responsible for the formulation, planning,implementation and co-ordination of the policies,standards, regulations, plans, programmes and projects
in areas of formal and non-formal education supervises all basic education institutions, both public
and private, and provides for theestablishment andmaintenance of a complete, adequate and integratedsystem ofeducation relevant to the goals of nationaldevelopment.
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BureauofElementaryEducation (BEE) responsible for providing access and quality elementaryeducation for all
BureauofSecondaryEducation (BSE) responsible for providing access and quality secondaryeducation
improves access to secondary education by establishing
schools in municipalities where there are none and reviewsthe overall structure of secondary education as regardscurriculum, facilities, and teachers in-service training
BureauofAlternative LearningSystems(BALS) mandated to address the needs of basic education of the
out-of school youth and adults in the country particularly infar-flung and isolated communities, to raise the level ofliteracy in the target areas and improve thequality of life ofindividuals and families in remote and underservedcommunities
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TechnicalEducationandSkillsDevelopmentAuthority(TESDA) encourages the full participation of and mobilize the industry, labour,
local government units and technical-vocationaleducation and training(TVET) institutions in the skills development of the country's human
resources formulates manpower and skills plans, sets appropriate skills standards
and tests, coordinates and monitors manpower policies and programs,and provides policy directions and guidelines for resource allocation fortheTVET institutions in both the private and public sectors
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CommissiononHigherEducation(CHED)
independent and separate from theDepEd responsible for formulating and
implementing policies, plans andprogrammes for the development andefficient operation of the system of
higher education in the country coverage is both public and private
higher education institutions as well asdegree-granting programmes in allpost-secondary educational
institutions
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FINANCING
Public elementary schools, national secondary schools, vocational andtechnical schools, other special schools, and chartered and non-chartered tertiary educational institutions are funded primarily fromnational funds.
Local governments areencouraged to assume the operation of non-
national public schools, while the national government provides fundsand adequate sources of revenue. Government educational institutionsare allowed to receive grants, legacies, and donations for purposesspecified by existing laws. The management and use of such income issubject to government accounting and auditing rules and regulations.
Private schools throughout the country are funded from capitalinvestments, equity contributions, tuition fees and other school charges,
grants, loans, subsidies and other income sources in accordance withcurrent legislation. The national, regional, provincial, city and municipalgovernments may also aid school programs with loans, grants andscholarships to recognize the complementary role of the governmentand of private schools in theeducational system.
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-end-
-thank you-