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RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK
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Table of Contents
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ....................................................................................... 3
PART I: BASIC INFORMATION ................................................................................................. 4
PART II: OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................ 6
PART III: PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND RATIONALE FOR RPF ......................................... 7
PART IV: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .................................................... 26
i) POLITICAL ECONOMY AND GOVERNANCE IN ETHIOPIA .............................. 26
ii) PROPERTY AND LAND RIGHTS IN ETHIOPIA .................................................... 28
iii) ACQUISITION AND VALUATION OF LAND AND OTHER ASSETS ............. 29
iv) ENTITLEMENTS AND COMPENSATION........................................................... 31
v) DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND GRIEVANCE MECHANISMS .............................. 31
vi) COMPARISON TO WORLD BANK OP 4.12 ........................................................ 32
Table I: Comparison of Ethiopian and World Bank Policies on Resettlement and
Compensation ....................................................................................................................... 33
PART V: COMPENSATION FOR LAND AND OTHER ASSETS .......................................... 41
Table II: Entitlement Matrix ................................................................................................. 45
PART VI: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND COSTS ................................................... 52
Table III: Indicative Outline of a RAP Budget .................................................................... 52
PART VII: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE PLAN ...................................... 54
PART VIII: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF IMPACTS .......................................... 55
Table IV: Indicators of RAP Impacts ................................................................................... 56
ANNEX 1: World Bank Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) ................................................ 59
ANNEX 2: Annotated Outline for Preparing a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) ....................... 61
ANNEX 3: Sample Grievance and Resolution Form ................................................................... 65
ANNEX 4: Sample Table of Contents for Consultation Reports ................................................. 66
ANNEX 5: Glossary of Terms ...................................................................................................... 67
ANNEX 6: Relevant Laws........................................................................................................... 69
ANNEX 7: List of 28 State Owned Entreprises designated for Environmental and Social
Management Plan (ESMP) ........................................................................................................... 71
ANNEX 8: List of Stakeholders Involved in the RPF Consultation Process ............................... 72
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB African Development Bank BP Bank Procedures EA Environmental Assessment EAA Environmental Assessment and Audit Department EAPM Environmental Assessment Procedures Manual EA/TRC Environmental Assessment Technical Review Committee EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Ethiopia Environmental Protection Agency ESD Department of Environment and Sustainable Development GEF Global Environment Facility IDA International Development Association kV Kilovolt
LI Legislative Instrument M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MEP Monitoring and Evaluation Plan MOE Ministry of Energy NCC National Commission on Culture NGO Nongovernmental organization OP Operational Policy OPN Operational Policy Note PAP Project Affected Persons PCDP Public Consultation and Disclosure Procedures PCR Physical Cultural Resources PER Preliminary Environmental Reports PIU Project Implementing Unit PPAH Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook RAP Resettlement Action Plan ROW Right of Way RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment TOR Terms of Reference
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PART I: BASIC INFORMATION
1. Country and Project Name:
Ethiopia: Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project – Proposed Additional Financing
Operation
2. Project Development Objectives:
The project development objective for the Additional Financing (AF) operation is to enhance
the competitiveness and growth of the light manufacturing industries in the Ethiopian economy;
and accelerate the process of divestiture of public enterprises. This goal will be achieved by (1)
bridging the financing gap for the implementation of its Privatization Program of commercial
public sector enterprises; and (2) augmenting the resources for the Ethiopian Competitiveness
Facility (ECF) that administers matching grants (MG) for exporting firms; and chambers of
commerce and sectoral associations. In addition, the AF proposes (i) to extend the ECF grants
to enterprises in light manufacturing industries that also cater to domestic markets on a
competitive basis, for products that would otherwise be imported; (ii) to provide support to the
recently established Ethiopian Public-Private Consultative Forum (EPPCF) Secretariat that aims
to address sector-specific and cross-cutting policy and implementation matters; (iii) to support
MoI‟s efforts to develop a Special Economic Zone Strategy, and framework for Ethiopia; and
(iv) to strengthen the existing Project Management and ECF units for successful
implementation of the program.
Responsible Government/Country Agency for RPF Implementation: FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
Ministry of Finance and Economic Development
Responsible Agency: Ministry of Industry/ Privatization and Public Enterprise Supervising Agency (PPESA)
Total Project Cost (USD million): US$15 million
IDA/IBRD (USD million): US$15 million
Government (USD million):
Other-Co-financing (USD million):
Country: Ethiopia Social Safeguards Specialist: Yasmin
Tayyab
Country Director: Kenichi Ohashi Task Team Leader:Asya Akhlaque
Project ID: P122463
Environment Category: B
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Year of project appraisal: 2011
Year of project closing: 2013
Safeguard policies triggered? Applicable
Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) [ X ] Yes [ ] No
Natural Habitats (OP/GP 4.04) [ ] Yes [ ] No
Forestry (OP 4.36) [ ] Yes [ ] No
Pest Management (OP 4.09) [ ] Yes [ ] No
Cultural Property (OP 4.11) [ ] Yes [ ] No
Indigenous Peoples (OP 4.10) [ ] Yes [ ] No
Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) [ X ] Yes [ ] No
Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] Yes [ ] No
Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) [ ] Yes [ ] No
Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) [ ] Yes [ ] No
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PART II: OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) are to:
Establish the Private Sector Development Capacity Building project resettlement and
compensation principles and implementation arrangements;
Describe the legal and institutional framework underlying Ethiopian approaches for
resettlement, compensation and rehabilitation;
Define the eligibility criteria for identification of project affected persons (PAPs) and
entitlements;
Describe the consultation procedures and participatory approaches involving PAPs and other
key stakeholders; and
Provide procedures for filing grievances and resolving disputes.
The RPF will apply to the privatisation of State Owned Entreprises. The list of State Owned
Entreprises concerned is provided in Annex 7. The procedures will be carried out throughout
preparation and implementation, and impacts of any potential resettlement will be included in
monitoring and evaluation (M&E). When a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is required, it will
be prepared in accordance with guidance provided in this RPF, including Detailed Measurement
Surveys, Identification (Census) of PAPs/displaced persons, and Public Consultation and
Disclosure Procedures (PCDP). The RPF follows the guidance provided in the World Bank
Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12), as described in Annex 1.
The RPF ensures that any possible adverse impacts of proposed project activities are addressed
through appropriate mitigation measures, in particular, against potential impoverishment risks.
These risks can be minimized by:
Avoiding displacement of people without a well designed compensation and relocation
process;
Minimizing the number of PAPs, to the extent possible;
Compensating for losses incurred and displaced incomes and livelihoods; and
Ensuring resettlement assistance or rehabilitation, as needed, to address impacts on PAPs
livelihoods and their well being.
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PART III: PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND RATIONALE FOR RPF
Description of project activities where the RPF will be applied:
The privatisation of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) was initiated in the early 1990‟s after
Ethiopia instituted nation-wide economic reform. A liberalization policy, implemented to
expand the country‟s market economy, was supported by the creation in 2004 of the Privatization
and Public Enterprises Supervising Agency (PPESA) under the Ministry of Trade and Industry
(MoTI). Pursuant to Article 6 of Ethiopia Proclamation No. 412/2004, PPESA was mandated to
transfer selected state-owned enterprises to private ownership. As part of this process, a World
Bank-sponsored environmental audit was undertaken for 94 SOE‟s covering a full range of
industrial sectors across Ethiopia, including textiles, tanneries, cement, pharmaceutical,
breweries, food processing, construction. This audit program was implemented by an external
consulting company (Tecsult International Limited) who provided a combined audit team of
international and national environmental experts. Full and partial audits, with primary emphasis
put on key issues previously identified in a 2004 pre-audit report (by Sood, another consultant),
were undertaken in 2008-2009. Based upon site visits, selected local interviews and a review of
relevant documentation, audit findings were developed for each facility. Suggested
Environmental mitigation measures and/or corrective actions were provided where appropriate.
In particular, detail was provided for each major finding that involved legal non-compliance or a
major risk to the Environment, Health or Safety - for either the workers or the community.
Among the 96 audited SOE‟s, 28 were identified for further review of potential environmental
and social liabilities that present significant risks for any new private owners. These 28 sites
covered various sectors: agriculture, construction, chemicals, textiles, food, beverage, mining
and minerals. To attract private investors or buyers of the proposed facilities, an Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) was developed by PPESA, with the assistance of Tecsult International,
based upon the recommendations of the environmental audits. PPESA and Tecsult (using local
independent social survey crews) also determined whether privatisation of each of these SOE‟s
would trigger the World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement Policy. This was based on the
following:
(1) A rapid survey of 28 SOEs to determine if families, workers or other people are residing, or
using land/assets, or have access to such land/assets, or have income sources or means of
livelihood within the limits of the properties of each of these SOEs. This covered both
officially recognized and informal land-uses.
(2) An estimate of the approximate number of people who are in this situation (“Project Affected
People”) and summary of any key social issues.
The World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement Policy is triggered in full either because
more than 200 persons need to be resettled or because there will be loss of assets and/or means of
livelihood. Preliminary results indicate that this applies to all but 6 entreprises. During and after
the process of the privatization, there is the possibility in 22 SOE‟s that people‟s residence or
land-use - which can include both officially recognized and informal values - will be diminished.
It is in this context that a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is required for the affected
people, as per the guidelines of OP 4.12.
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Note that, among the 28 SOE‟s, examples of recent or ongoing privatization were reported by
surveyors (Table 2).
Table 2: SOE Privatization already occurring, as observed by the Survey Team
Co
de
Site Location Comments
A19 Middle-Awash Agricultural Dev’t
Enterprise Afar Amibara
Some of the farms were privatized (not surveyed because there were
new owners and no entity to be approached for a survey, e.g, Gewane,
Dofen-Bolamo.
A21 Fish Production & Marketing Ent.
Zeway & Langano
Privatized around 2008 SNNP Abaya
Addis Ababa
Bahir Dar Lake Tana Privately owned cafeteria
A23 Upper Awash Agro- Industry
Enterprise Oromia
One farm had been privatized namely Tibila
Land acquisition and resettlement impacts [Describe the activities that may require land take
or acquiring land and other assets; relocation or displacement of persons occupying or using
these lands and other assets]:
As of January 28th
2011, all 28 sites were visited by a social survey crew. Based on initial key
information phoned in to the survey coordinator, the following initial high-level conclusions can
be drawn regarding the order of magnitude of land acquisition and resettlement impacts:
In 6 SOEs, it was determined that no people were potentially affected by The Project in 6
sites. Based on information received and analyzed to date, World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary
Resettlement Policy may not be triggered. A resettlement plan may not be required.
In 10 other SOEs, between 1 and 200 people could be affected by the Project in 4 - which
triggers the World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement Policy in each case. A summary
or full resettlement plan may be required.
In 12 other SOEs, more than 200 People are affected by The Project in 10, which also
triggers the World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement Policy. A full resettlement plan
may be required.
In summary, a total of 22 SOEs trigger World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement Policy.
Further detail is provided in Table 1 (below).
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Table 1: SUMMARY OF SOE SURVEY RESULTS - as of Jan. 28, 2011
Co
de
Site Location
Number of People affected by the Project
How people are affected
Zero
(0
)
Less
th
an 2
00
Ove
r 2
00
Dw
elli
ngs
/ H
ou
ses
Cro
ps
Gra
zin
g
Tre
es
Oth
er
nat
ura
l re
sou
rce
s
Pu
blic
infr
astr
uct
ure
s
Pri
vate
infr
astr
uct
ure
s
A1 Awash Melkassa Aluminum Sulfate & Sulfuric Acid Adama Awash Melkassa X
A10 Agricultural Equipment & Technical Service Sh. Co. Addis Ababa Addis Ababa X X
A11 Abobo Agricultural Deve’t Enterprise Gambela Gambela X X X X X x
A12 Coffee Processing and Warehouse Enterprise Addis Ababa X
A13 Bale Agricultural Dev`t Ent Bale Robe X X X X
A14 Agricultural Input Supply Enterprise Addis Ababa X X
A15 Coffee Plantation and Dev’t Enterprise Oromia, Gambela & SNNP X X X X X X X X
A16 Arsi Agricultural Dev’t Enterprise Arsi Assela x x x x x x
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A17 Awassa Agricultural Dev’t Enterprise SNNP Hawassa X X X X X X
A18 Ethiopian Fruits and Vegetables Marketing Sh.Co. Addis Ababa X X
A19 Middle-Awash Agricultural Dev’t Enterprise Afar Amibara X X X X X
A2 Adami Tulu Pesticide Processing Sh. Co. Zeway Adamitulu X
A20 Semen-Omo Agricultural Dev’t Enterprise SNNP Arbaminch X X X X X X X
A21 Fish Production & Marketing Ent. 1
Zeway & Langano X
SNNP Abaya X X
Addis Ababa X X
Bahir Dar Lake Tana X X X X
A22 Natural Gum Production & Marketing Ent. Nazareth X
A23 Upper Awash Agro- Industry Enterprise Afar & Oromia X X X X X X X
A3 Caustic Soda Sh. Co. Zeway
B24 Assela Malt Factory Arsi Assela X
B25 Bedele Brewery Sh. Co. Bedele X
B26 Harrar Brewery Sh.Co. Harrar X X
B4 Adola Gold Development Enterprise Borena Oddo Shakisso X X X X X X X
B5 Ethiopia Mineral Development Sh. Co. SNNP Kentiticha X X X X X
C27 Tabor Ceramics Sh. Co. SNNP Hawassa X
C6 Awassa Textile Sh. Co SNNP Hawassa X X X X X
1 A21 - Fish Production & Marketing Ent.) had 4 locations far from each other, including 2 where the local survey team indicated that no people were affected by the project.
For the purpose of assessing the applicability of the World Bank OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement Policy, the A21 sites were considered as a single enterprise. As such, none of its different locations are tabulated among the sites having no people affected by the Project.
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C7 Bahir Dar Textile Sh. Co Bahir Dar X X X X
C8 Combolcha Textile Sh. Co Kombolcha X
C9 Arbaminch Textile Sh. Co SNNP Arbamich X X X X X
D28 Hamaressa Edible Oil Sh. Co. Harrar X X
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Consultation Processes
The survey results were not based on a census and should be considered as an approximation.
The survey team did not actually see or count all people affected. The study relied instead on
stakeholder consultation (i.e. interviews with key contacts) and observation by research team.
This included representatives of each of the 28 SOEs and in one or two other sites members of
the local community, thus became the basis for preparation of the RPF. The results of the social
audit were also discussed with PPESA. Refer to Annex 8 for a detailed list of stakeholders
consulted.
A more detailed summary of key issues for each SOE surveyed is presented below.
Summary of Social Audit Findings of 28 SOE (January 2011)
CHEMICAL SECTOR
Adami Tulu Pesticide Processing Sh. Co
This SOE is located in Adami Tulu Liyu Kebele 01, Batu Town, Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha
Woreda, East Shoa Zone of Oromia Regional State. It has a total area of 131,000 square meters.
The social audit findings are summarized as follows:
1. No legal or illegal inhabitant within the demarcated boundaries of the company.
2. Eighty-four employees of the company run a dairy farm (14 milk-cows and 10 calves at
the time of the visit) on site under a Micro and Small Enterprises scheme.
3. Two hectares of land cultivated to grow maize and soybean for cattle feed.
4. The dairy farm cows and calves graze within the demarcated boundaries of the company.
5. No public or private infrastructure on site.
Caustic Soda Sh. Co
It is located in Kebele 01, Batu Town, Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha Woreda, East Shoa Zone,
Oromia. It has a total area of 262,300 square meters. The social audit findings are summarized as
follows:
1. No illegal inhabitant within the demarcated boundaries of the company.
2. At the time of the social audit, seven out of twelve staff residential houses are
occupied by top management and Dept. heads of the factory.
3. Some of the management staff who reside in the company houses grow small garden
(fruits, vegetables and crops such as maize).
4. It was reported some low-paid employees (e.g., guards) collect firewood from within
the boundaries of the company.
Awash Melkassa Aluminum Sulfate and Sulfuric Acid
It is located in Awash Melkassa village 115 km to the South East of Addis Ababa, Oromia. It has
a total area of 15 hectares. Briefly, the social audit can be summarized as follows:
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1. No legal or illegal inhabitant on the factory site except two key persons for the factory
who reside in houses provided by the factory.
2. No private infrastructure or dwelling on the site.
3. About 320 households of Awash Melkassa village benefit from water wells and a health
center of the factory.
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MINING AND MINERALS SECTOR
Adola Gold Enterprise
It is located 525 km to the South East of Addis Ababa in Borana Zone of the Oromia National
Regional State. It covers an area of 71km2. The major observations of the social audit as follows:
1. There are about 900 households living illegally on the site designated for the production
of gold.
2. They use the area both for farming and grazing. The farming activity is limited and is
used as a cover for mining gold.
3. The 900 households are spread over three different locations usually in temporary plastic
houses.
4. There is an infrastructure for the supply of water and electricity on the site.
Ethiopian Mineral Development Share Company
The Ethiopian Mineral Development SC has two sites in Borana Zone of Oromia, one in Mea
Boku (Boanbua Wuha) and another in Kenticha. The one at Mea Boku produces kaolin used in
the production of ceramic tiles, while the other one produces tantalum.
1. Kenticha is located 550 km away from Addis Ababa. It has a total area of 5.90 km2.
Basically no encroachers except that some young persons occasionally engage in mining
of tantalum owing to the lucrative income that it could bring. The public infrastructures
that inhabitants of the surrounding villages benefit from are a clinic, a primary school, an
ambulance service and the supply of water and electricity.
2. Mea Boku is located 420 km to the South East of Addis Ababa. The mining area covers
4.50 km2. Farmers from the surrounding villages, (about 50 households) use the farming
area for crop production and grazing. The public infrastructures that inhabitants of the
surrounding villages benefit from include a clinic and an ambulance service during
emergency.
TEXTILES SECTOR
Kombolcha Textile Sh. Co
The Company, with a total area of 436,000m2, is located in Kombolcha 04 Kebele, Kombolcha
Woreda, South Wollo Zone, Amhara Regional State. The social audit of the factory can be
summarized as follows:
1. The factory has 1141 permanent and 80 contract workers, and 467 daily laborers.
2. There was not any illegal inhabitant in the demarcated boundaries of the factory.
3. There were legal inhabitants in the factory camp site and they are all factory workers
residing in the houses provided by the company.
4. There was not any activity like planting fruit tree, breeding milk-cows and gardening on
site.
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5. The factory has a cafeteria and shop which provide services to its employees and the
surrounding community.
6. No private infrastructures on site.
7. The factory has supported the neighboring kebeles in building a small (mini) clinic and
small bridge.
Bahir Dar Textile Sh. Co
Bahir Dar Textile SC is located in Bahir Dar town, the capital of Amhara Regional State. The
Company has 187,908 square meters of land.
1. There are 63 houses built and provided by the Company to its employees. Most of these
households have their own little cultivation where they produce varieties of vegetables.
The sum of these cultivated areas may be about half a hectare.
2. A variety of trees are grown on the site for shade, beautification as well as for fruits.
3. There is no natural resource found (so on far) on the site.
4. There is one cafeteria with all its facilities, including swimming pool, which is open to
the public.
5. There is no private infrastructure within the boundaries of the company.
Arbaminch Textile Share Company
With a total area of 171,520 square meters, Arbaminch Textile Share Company is located on the
outskirts of the town of Arbaminch in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region
(SNNPR). Well-fenced and guarded, there is no illegal occupant and no trace of passer-bys as
such. Its products are available in the market and therefore no benefit accrues directly to the local
community. The management personnel resides in the Company houses and cultivates about 80
square meters of land with fruit trees. Grasses grown in the Company are often sold to any dairy
producer that offers a competitive price.
Hawassa Textile Share Company
Located in the industrial zone of Hawassa, the capital of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and
Peoples Region (SNNPR), Hawassa Textile Share Company has a total area of 350,000 square
meters. Company workers residing on site in the houses provided by the company grow some
crops (e.g., maize) on about 1/8th
of a hectare. There is no illegally occupied land. Few fruit trees
are available and utilized by Company workers. There is no public or private infrastructure on
the site.
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AGRICULTURE SECTOR
Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise (BADE)
Currently, there are four state owned farms under BADE, whose head office is located in Robe,
the Zonal town of Bale, Oromia. The four farms are: (i) Sinana; (ii) Robe; (iii) Hunte; and (iv)
Heraro. The four farms have a total area of 12,091.21 hectares. The social audit of the farms can
be summarized as follows:
1. There was not any illegal inhabitant in the demarcated boundaries of each of these farms.
2. There were legal inhabitants in the farms‟ camp sites and they are all farm workers
residing in the houses provided by the respective farms.
3. Most of the farm workers who live in camp in houses provided by the farms grow small
garden (fruit trees and vegetables) and keep one or two milk-cows.
4. Residents of the surrounding villages use the farm lands as grazing after harvest in all the
farm sites.
5. The households from the surrounding villages using the farm lands as grazing could
reach several thousands. For instance, over 40,000 households use Robe farm land as
grazing between January and mid-May.
6. The farms have clinics, cafeteria, shops and flour-mills which provide services to their
employees and residents of the surrounding villages at fair price.
7. The schools located in the farm camp site, with the exception of Robe Farm, are
supported by the farms, primarily in providing accommodation for the teachers and by
farming their lands.
8. People who live in the villages surrounding the farms benefit a lot from collecting grain
left in a harvest field (qarmii guuruu) and straw during the harvest season.
9. In one of the farms, people from the surrounding villages use well water developed by the
farm.
Arsi Agricultural Development Enterprise (AADE)
The Head Office of Arsi Agricultural Development Enterprise is found in Assela town of Arsi
Zone, Oromia. The four farms under the Arsi Agricultural Development Enterprise are Arba
Gugu (600 hectares), Geredela (2529 hectares), Gofer (2400 hectares) and Lole (2417.26
hectares). Hence the total area under the AADE is 7937.26 hectares. The major observations
from the social audit include:
1. With the exception of Lole there are encroachers on the farms.
2. Lole provides services like clinic, primary school and ambulance to the surrounding
villages.
3. Farmers from the surrounding villages use the farms after harvest for grazing and
collecting straw.
4. In the other three farms close to 400 households use the farm land either for farming or
grazing.
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5. The land that is used either for farming or grazing in the three farms could be up to 350
hectares.
Abobo Agricultural Development Enterprise
It is located at Abobo, 44 kilometers east of Gambella town in Gambella Regional State. It has a
cotton farm and a cotton processing factory (ginnery) in Gambella town. The farm and the
factory have 4000 hectares and 65000 square meters total areas, respectively. The social audit of
the enterprise can be summarized as follows:
1. There were 27 illegal inhabitants in Abobo farm. The farm has neither official
boundary demarcation nor a map.
2. The factory has a clearly demarcated official boundary as well as a map. 3. There were legal inhabitants in the farms‟ camp sites and the factory, and all of them
are employees of the farm and the factory. 4. Many of the farm workers who live in camp grow small garden (sorghum and maize)
and keep a few milk-cows. 5. The surrounding villages, people from Abobo town and the employees of the farm use
a land left fallow by the farm for grazing. 6. The farm has only a hand pump for drinking water used by the employees and the
illegal inhabitants.
Middle Awash Agricultural Development Enterprise (MAADE) The Enterprise‟s HQ and the farms and a ginnery it manages are located in Afar Region, Zone
Three, Amibara Woreda. The Enterprise also has a Logistics/coordination office in Addis Ababa
located in Gottera area in Addis-Mojo Edible Oil Company‟s building.
Currently, the enterprise manages three state owned cotton farms viz. (i) Melka Sedi; (ii) Melka
Worer and (iii) Sidaha Fagie and a ginnery. Other farms mentioned in the original list such as
Gewane-Angelele, Dofen–balemo and Amibara have already been given to locals or sold to
private investors several years back. According to Ato Wubshet (the Manager of Middle Awash
Agricultural Development Enterprise) and Ato Tamirat (site representative) these farms are
divided among many owners and consequently, there is no single entity to be approached for
information. Therefore, the survey team conducted a social audit only for the three cotton farms
still owned by the state as listed above, a ginnery and the HQs site of the enterprise at Melka
Sedi (five sites in total). Each of these farms is headed by managers whom we contacted through
site representative to fill in the checklists and conduct site visit. The enterprise‟s current total
land holding is reportedly 6098 hectares.
The Social audit of the farms, a ginnery and the HQ site is summarized as follows:
1. There were illegal inhabitants in the demarcated boundaries of all the farms under the
enterprise, but the HQs and the ginnery compounds.
2. There were legal inhabitants in the farms‟ camp sites in the houses provided by the
enterprise (farms), all farm employees. The same camp sites also host large numbers of
illegal inhabitants who have set up their own dwelling units. Some are nomadic huts of
the local Afar community while others are permanent structures established by migrants.
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3. Some of the farm workers who live in camp also engage in petty trade such as shop, tea
rooms and other businesses.
4. Residents of the surrounding localities use the farm fields as post-harvest grazing land in
all the farms we visited. Pathways and roads inside the boundaries of the farms are used
by humans and cattle of the local communities.
5. The households using the farm fields as seasonal grazing land could reach thousands.
6. There were local people who engage in agriculture inside the boundaries of the farms.
7. People also make a fairly liberal use of pathways inside the camps and farms‟ boundaries
both for human beings and their livestock.
8. The farms have clinics, schools and water distribution points which provide services to
their employees and residents of the surrounding areas.
9. People in the surrounding localities benefit a lot from the canals inside the boundaries of
the farm for various purposes: drinking, washing, livestock watering (probably the most
important) and irrigation.
Upper Awash Agro-industrial Development Enterprise (UAAIDE)
UAAIDE is located in two zones of Oromia National Regional State. One of its farms (Merti
Jeju Farm), a factory (Merti Vegetables and Fruits Processing Plant) and the HQ of the enterprise
are located in Merti Woreda of Arsi Zone. Merti Farm, however, has one of its sub-farms in Jeju
Woreda of the same zone. The Nura Era Farm, on the other hand, is located in Boset Woreda of
East Shewa Zone. The Enterprise also has a Logistics Office located in Addis Ababa around
Saris Abbo area. The survey team made first contact with the enterprise‟s Logistics office in
Addis, through which the letter from PPESA was sent to Merti HQs.
Out of the five entities listed under Upper Awash Agro-Industrial Development Enterprise (in
the original list of the SOEs for which social audit was to be carried out) two, namely Tibila
Farm and Awara Malka Farm, are no longer controlled by the enterprise. Awara Melka Farm
has been transferred to Metahara Sugar Company while Tibila has become a share company in
which PPESA is a minority (about 13 %) share holder under a new name: Africa Juice Tibila
Share Company. After serious negotiation, and thanks to the goodwill of the company Manager,
we somehow managed to carry out social audit of this company.
On the other hand, our attempt to conduct the social audit of the Awara Melka farm did not
materialize. The survey team traveled to Awara Melka, approached the administrator of the farm
and requested for permission to conduct the social audit. The administrator declined our request
indicating that the farm is no longer under UAAIDE and could not be audited under it. He also
insisted that the letter written by PPESA to the UAAIDE could no be used to seek permission to
audit the farm. Our attempt to approach Metahara Sugar Company to seek permission to access
Awara Melka Farm also did not materialize as the guards refused to let us in without a letter.
In general, the survey team carried out social auditing of five major sites, namely (i) Merti Jeju
Farm; (ii) Nura Era Farm; (iii) Africa Juice Tibila Share Company (iv) Merti Vegetable and
Fruits Processing Plant (MPP) and; (v) Upper Awash Agro Industrial Development Enterprise
HQs site at Merti. The enterprise‟s total land area under these entities is about 4977 ha
(excluding the Tibila Farm).
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The social audit of the farms and the processing plant can be summarized as follows:
1. There were illegal inhabitants in the demarcated boundaries of all the farms (reported and
observed as well) except the processing plant‟s compound and the HQs.
2. There were legal inhabitants in the farms camp sites. They constitute two categories viz.
(i) farms‟ workers who live in the houses provided by the farms and ; (ii) retired farm
workers who have been allowed to set up their dwellings and live within the farms‟
demarcated boundaries on condition that they would leave when requested to do so by the
enterprise. The camp sites owned by the farms contain large number of non-farm worker
residents. Some of these camps are being converted into small towns that serve both the
farm workers and other (illegal) residents.
3. Many of the workers of the farms engage in petty trade, livestock raising, and use the
land inside the enterprise‟s demarcated boundaries for temporarily piling up the harvest
and then threshing crops they share-cultivate outside the enterprise‟s demarcated
boundaries. We have observed a number of cattle enclosures used by farm workers and
retired farm workers inside the boundaries of the farms.
4. Residents of the surrounding villages extensively use farm fields as post-harvest grazing
lands in all the farms visited.
5. Households using the farm land in this way could reach several thousand as judged from
the number of livestock the survey team observed in the fields.
6. Pockets of uncultivable lands inside the boundaries of the farms are also used for grazing
by the surrounding communities. This use of land appears to be significant.
7. Pocket of lands inside the boundaries of the farms were also used for agriculture by
farmers in the neighboring villages who also use water from the canals of the farms to
irrigate their farm fields.
8. The farms have clinics, shops, flour- mills, schools and water pumps which provide
services to the farm workers as well as to the surrounding communities. Some of the
schools and clinics are constructed by the government while others are constructed by the
farms.
9. There are also religious institutions and businesses run by some of these institutions
inside the boundaries of the farms (public infrastructure?)
Coffee Plantation and Development Enterprise
a) Limmu Coffee Plantation Enterprise
There are seven state-owned farms under Limmu Coffee Plantation Enterprise, whose head
office is located in Jimma town. The seven farms are (i) Gomma 1, (ii) Gomma 2, (iii) Kossa,
(iv) Suntu, (V) Gummer, (vi) Gojeb and (vii) Chalalaki. The total area of the seven farms is
11,181 hectares. The Social audit of the farms can be summarized as follows: 1. There were more than 200 illegal inhabitants (households) within the farms‟ temporarily
demarcated boundaries.
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2. There were thousands of legal inhabitants in the farms‟ camp sites and all of them are employees of the farms.
3. Many of the farm workers who live in houses provided by the farms grow small garden
(fruit trees and crops) and keep one or two milk-cows.
4. Most of the farms have put aside small hectarage of grazing land for their workers and
the residents of the surrounding villages.
5. The households using the lands inside the farms‟ boundaries as grazing could reach
several thousands. For instance, about 4500 households use Suntu farm land and it is
expected more than that number is using the Gojeb farm land for grazing.
6. The farms have clinics, kindergartens, schools, cafeteria (recreational centers), flour-
mills, workshops, roads, and transportation services - which, in emergency, provide
services to their employees and residents of the surrounding villages.
7. In all of the farms, the surrounding villages use water springs located inside the farm
boundaries.
8. Only in one of the farms (Gojeb), the surrounding villages practice fishing inside the
farm boundaries.
b) Bebeka Coffee Plantation Enterprise
There are four farms under Bebeka Coffee Plantation Enterprise, whose head office is situated at
Bebeka, inside the plantation site, 35 km from Mizan Teferi town. The four farms are: (i) Farm
1, (ii) Farm 2, (iii) Farm 3, and (iv) Farm 4, and have the total area of 8513.66 hectares. The
social audit of the farms can be summarized as follows:
1. There were more than 200 illegal inhabitants (households) within the farms‟
demarcated boundaries. 2. There were thousands of legal inhabitants in the farms‟ camp sites. While the
overwhelming majority is employees of the farms, there are many traders and teachers who live in the compounds based on agreements with the enterprise. Besides, 60 workers of the state owned National Nucleus Project that produces inputs for tyre production were also based in the camp with the consent of the enterprise.
3. Many of the farm workers who live in camp in houses provided by the farms grow
small garden (fruit trees and crops) and keep one or two milk-cows.
4. Most of the farm lands have put aside small hectares of grazing land for their workers
and the residents of the surrounding villages.
5. The farms have clinics, kindergartens, schools, cafeterias (recreational centers), flour-
mills, roads, and transportation services in emergency cases and electricity supply for
their employees and residents of the surrounding villages.
6. Only one farm allows the surrounding villages to use spring water inside the
boundary of the farm and in another farm the surrounding villagers produce gravel for
sale.
c) Teppi Coffee Plantation Enterprise
There are five farms under Teppi Coffee Plantation Entreprise, whose head office is situated in
Teppi town. The five farms are called: (i) Farm 1, (ii) Farm 2, (iii) Farm 3, (iv) Farm 4, and (v)
Farm 5 and have a total area of 8569.24 hectares. The social audit of the farms can be
summarized as follows:
1. There was not any illegal inhabitant residing in the farms‟ demarcated boundaries.
2. There were thousands of legal inhabitants in the farms‟ camp sites. While the
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overwhelming majority is employees of the farms, there are around 100 traders and
teachers who live in the compounds with the consent of the enterprise.
3. Many of the farm workers who live in houses provided by the farms grow small
garden (fruit trees and crops) and keep one or two milk-cows.
4. All of the farms have allocated small hectares of grazing land for their employees‟
milk-cows. Except Farm 1, the other farms do not allow the surrounding villagers to
enter their demarcated boundaries for grazing.
5. The farms have clinics, kindergartens, schools, cafeterias (recreational centers), flour-
mills, roads and electricity supply for their employees and residents of the
surrounding villages. Two farms have churches in their compounds and one farm
provides the surrounding village with pipe water.
6. All the farms have spring water inside their boundaries, which are mostly used by
their employees and other legal inhabitants and in few instances also by the
neighboring villagers.
Coffee Processing & Warehouse Enterprise
It is located in Addis Ababa, Nifas Silk Lafto Sub-city, Kebele 10/18 (opposite St. Joseph
Church). The enterprise has a total area of 50,800 square meters. The major observations of the
social audit include:
1. No legal or illegal inhabitant within the demarcated boundaries of the enterprise.
2. No legal or illegal dwelling constructed inside the boundaries.
3. No crops, no grazing lands, no trees and no natural resources inside the enterprise
boundaries.
4. No public or private infrastructure on the site.
Agricultural Equipment and Technical Service Sh. Co
The Share Company‟s Head Office is located in Woreda 6 of Akaki-Kaliti Sub-city, Addis
Ababa. It has two branches in the city, i.e., chemical store and a training center. The Company
has a total area of 114,845 m2 (head office at 96311 m
2; chemical store at 13,019 m
2; and
training center at 5,515 m2).
The Company has rented some of its holding (space) to three other companies, which run various
business activities, one in fact developing new structure for indoor games and recreational
activities.
The Company has a total of 469 permanent and 8 contract workers. Moreover, it hires 5 to 6
daily laborers a day during rainy seasons to trim the grass on the compound and 90 – 100 people
during the annual inventory (June to August). There are also some daily laborers who get hired
whenever the need arises for loading and unloading work.
The company participates in local development activities such as gravel road maintenance,
donating used computers to schools and providing some material support to disabled people. The
company has a cafeteria run by a trade union which serves the employees of the company as well
as the surrounding community. A variety of foods and hot and soft drinks are available at fair
price. The Company hall with a capacity of 800 - 900 seats is accessible to the surrounding
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community at a reasonable rate for important family events such as wedding ceremonies, etc.
Finally, there are no legal or illegal inhabitants or public infrastructure inside the boundaries of
the company.
Agricultural Inputs Supply Enterprise
It is located in Addis Ababa, Akaki Kaliti Sub-city, Kebele 12/13. The Enterprise has a total area
of 18847 square meters. The Enterprise has 7 warehouses in other towns, namely, Nekemte,
Adama, Bahir Bar, Kombolcha and Shashamane. The findings can summed up as:
1. No legal or illegal inhabitant within the demarcated boundaries of the enterprise.
2. No legal or illegal dwelling constructed inside the boundaries.
3. No crops, no grazing lands, no trees and other natural resources inside the enterprise
boundaries.
4. There is 1 cafeteria which gives service for the employees and other people living around
the enterprise.
5. No private infrastructure on the site.
Fish Production and Marketing Enterprise
This Enterprise, whose, 7500 square meters, head office is located in Addis Ababa, Akaki Kaliti
Sub-city, Kebele 12/13, has three branches, namely Bahir Dar in Amhara Region, Zeway in
Oromia, and Arbamich in SNNPR. The three branches of the enterprise use different water
bodies for fish supplies, which they buy from fishers from the surrounding areas, both rural and
urban. Depending on how the Enterprise‟s boundaries are defined and their access to the water
bodies from which people fish, the number of people likely to be affected by the project varies.
The area of land they claim also varies. For instance, the Arbaminch branch claims that both
Chamo Lake and Omo River belong to the Enterprise, for that matter they claim all water bodies
in the country invoking the provisional decree 178/1986. The Zeway branch on the other hand,
produced a legal document showing its possession of land amounting to only 5000 square
meters, and the Bahir Dar branch, 16,000 square meters.
The major points are:
1. Depending on how the Enterprise‟s boundaries are defined, there might be people
affected by the project.
2. The level of impact on the fishers who supply fish to the Enterprise‟s various branches
can not be determined at this stage.
3. Assuming that Arbamich branch‟s claim to Chamo Lake and Omo River does not have
legal basis, there are no legal or illegal inhabitants within the demarcated boundaries of
the enterprise.
4. The Bahir Dar branch reported that „The Regional Fish Research Center‟ and the „Fisher
Men‟s Association‟ are located within its demarcated boundaries.
5. The „The Fisher Men‟s Association‟ has about 200 members who predominantly depend
on fish production and sale for living.
6. There is one cafeteria which gives service to the employees and other people living
around the enterprise in the Enterprise‟s Bahir Dar branch.
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7. No reported or observed legal or illegal dwelling constructed on the site.
8. No private infrastructure on the site.
Natural Gum Processing and Marketing Enterprise
It is located in Adama town with its stores located in Kebele 04 and 15. It has a total area of
22,909 square meters.
1. No illegal or legal inhabitant within the enterprise‟s demarcated area.
2. No dwelling (legal or illegal) constructed inside the enterprise‟s boundaries.
3. No cultivated and grazing land inside the enterprises boundaries.
4. No cattle trail crossing the enterprise‟s boundaries.
5. No public infrastructure of the enterprise is used by the surrounding community.
6. No private construction inside the enterprise‟s boundaries.
Ethiopian Fruits and Vegetables Marketing Sh. Co
The Company is located in Kebele 28, Kirkos Sub-city in Addis Ababa and has a total area of
7404 m2. The social audit findings of the company are summarized as follows:
1. The Company has two distribution centers in Addis Ababa, each distribution center with
its own stores.
2. The Company bought its property 7 months ago under the collateral agreement with
Abyssinia Bank after its old holdings had been demolished by the city administration.
3. The Company has rented out some office space at the head office on the 2nd
floor to
Ethio-Investment Group (a business company). In addition, some spaces are rented by the
Abyssinia Bank.
4. The Company has a total of 240 permanent and 110 contract workers and 60 daily
laborers. Moreover, it also employs casual laborers for activities such as packing sugar
and loading and unloading work.
5. There are no legal or illegal inhabitants in the compound of the company.
Semen Omo Agricultural Development Enterprise (SOADE)
Located in the SNNPRS, SOADE was organized into several state-owned farms. Presently, these
farms are in turn organized either as Agricultural Development Enterprises or PLC, namely (1)
Abaya (1,232 hectares), (2) Arbaminch (805 hectares), (3) Sille (1,475 hectares), and (4) Frieal
Farming and Processing PLC (30,000 hectares). Each farm has a defined territory, business
plans and operational activities. Over time, however, there has been a change from state to non-
state ownership on the basis of either short-term or long-term lease arrangements. Despite such
change, most farms have retained their previous workers as well as production systems. A few,
for instance Frieal Farming and Production Enterprise, have modified and/or changed the type of
crop produced from annual to perennial.
The following key observations can be noted as major features of the SOADE:
1. Many illegal occupants of the lands exist either with a nominal agreement of the farms
themselves or otherwise.
2. Illegal occupants have farm plots or grazing lands.
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3. Conflicts between illegal occupants of lands and the farms over land and other resource
have led either to court cases or serious contradictions.
4. Farm workers have been legally given residential units where some kind of cultivation
and animal rearing is practiced.
5. During and after crop harvest, both illegal and legal occupants are allowed to graze their
animals on crop residues as well as to collect grain left in a harvest field.
6. Surrounding communities are at times allowed to utilize some facilities and services
owned by the farms.
7. Both illegal and legal occupants of the lands of the farms are allowed to purchase farm
products sold by the farms at farm gate price.
Hawassa Agricultural Development Enterprise
Billito Siraro Farm under Hawassa Agricultural Development Enterprise is located in the
Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region, about 273 km to the south of Addis Ababa.
The farm has a total area of 3,000 hectares. The major observations are the following:
1. There are both legal and illegal inhabitants, and about ten hectares of cultivated land
other than the farm‟s own cultivated land.
2. In addition to post-harvest grazing on all farmlands of the enterprise, about twenty
hectares is reported as illegal grazing land.
3. Approximately 20,000 people collect grain left in farm field after harvest.
4. There are multi-purpose trees (i.e., as shade and as food) within the demarcated
boundaries of the farm, and an estimated 120 people are reportedly using the trees as
means of substance or income.
5. Public infrastructures such as school and health post serve both farm employees and the
community from the surrounding villages.
BEVERAGE SECTOR
Assela Malt Factory
Assela Malt Factory, with a total area of 18 hectares, is located on the outskirts of Assela town
158 km to the south-east of Addis Ababa.
1. It is a fenced area that is not accessible to anybody outside the factory.
2. Two persons, only the General Manager and the Production Manager, reside on the
site of the factory.
3. There is no public or private infrastructure on the farm.
Bedele Brewery
It is located in Bedele town, Illu Ababor Zone, 483 km to the west of Addis Ababa in Oromia
National Regional State. It has a total area of 250,000 square meters.
1. There was not any illegal inhabitant in the Brewery‟s demarcated boundaries. 2. There were legal inhabitants in the brewery‟s camp site and all are employees of the
Brewery.
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3. There was not any farm or grazing land in the demarcated and well-fenced boundary
of the Brewery.
4. There is a cafeteria which is accessible both to the employees and people from outside.
Harar Brewery
The Harar Brewery is located in Harar town 525 km to the East of Addis Ababa. The
Factory‟s total area is 11 hectares.
1. There are no residents on the Factory‟s site.
2. There are no private infrastructures on the site.
3. The Factory occasionally provides water to the residents around the Factory during
the chronic shortages of water of Harar town.
4. About four peasant associations through which the Factory‟s water supply passes use
the water with the consent of the Factory.
FOOD SECTOR
Hamaressa Edible Oil Share Company
The Hamaressa Edible Oil SC is located in Harar Town, about 525km to the east of Addis
Ababa. The company has a total area of about 46 hectares.
1. There are no residents (legal or illegal) on the Factory‟s site.
2. There are no private infrastructures on the site.
3. Some peasant associations get water from the Factory‟s water supply.
CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
Tabor Ceramics Share Company
Tabor Ceramics Sh. Co. is located in the town of Hawassa with an area of 260,000 square
meters. It is the only Company of its kind in the country. It is fenced on all sides, as a result there
is little intrusion from outside. There are a few management personnel that reside in the
Company compound and none of them has individual use of Company land. Fruit trees utilized
by the Company workers in the past are cut down. The surrounding community seems to have
enjoyed preferential employment opportunity offered by the Company.
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PART IV: LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
This RPF will apply the laws, legislation, regulations, and local rules governing the use of land
and other assets in Ethiopia. This legal and institutional framework is presented in five sections:
(i) Political economy and governance in Ethiopia; (ii) Property and land rights, as defined by
Ethiopian law and customary practice; (iii) Acquisition of land and other assets, including
regulations over the buying and selling of these assets; (iv) Entitlement and compensation, in
particular, the accepted norms influencing peoples‟ basic rights to livelihood and social services;
(v) Dispute resolution and grievance mechanisms, specifically the legal and institutional
arrangements for filing grievances or complaints and how those grievances are addressed
through formal and informal systems of dispute resolution; and (vi) Comparison with World
Bank OP4.12, using equivalence and acceptability standards.
i) POLITICAL ECONOMY AND GOVERNANCE IN ETHIOPIA
Land rights in Ethiopia do not explicitly provide private property rights. After the
Proclamations No. 31/1975 and 47/19752, ownership of land was vested in the State, and
Ethiopian citizens were given various forms of use-rights (usufruct) over land and other
resources. Accordingly, 1995 Constitution Article 40(3) recognizes land as a common property
of the Nations, Nationalities of, and peoples of Ethiopia and prohibits sale or any other exchange
of land.
In some cases, the user of land has ownership of his/her possessions with the right to benefits
from the fruits of his/her labor. This includes crops, perennial crops, tress for timber, etc. found
on the land or any other permanent fixtures such as residential house, business installations,
stores and fences, amongst others (Proclamations No. 31/1975 and 47/1975). 1995 Constitution
Article 40(7) reiterates and furthers this point by stating, “Every Ethiopian shall have the full
right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on
the land by his labour or capital. This right shall include the right to alienate, to bequeath, and,
where the right to use expires, to remove his property, transfer his title, or claim compensation
for it.”
Regional states are responsible for administering land, enacting law that is in conformity with the
provisions on environmental protection and federal utilization policies (Proclamation No.
89/1997 and Proclamation No. 456/2005 Article 17(1)). Additionally, Zikre Hig Regulation No.
6/2002 provides for the lease holding of urban land for a specific period of time, and also
regulates the lease period for different functions, grade of land and payment of lease. Lastly, the
2 Before 1975, the 1960 Civil Code of the Empire provide for private land ownership. As this
law has been overruled by these laws and Proclamation No. 455/2005 regarding compensation, it
should not serve as the legal framework for resettlement.
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law regulates manners of expropriation of land and designates land that can be expropriated for
public use without payment of compensation.
These rights over “holding land” are open-ended (no time limit on this usufruct), subject to a
proof of permanent physical property, ability to farm continuously and meet administrative dues
and obligations (1995 Constitution Article 40(3)). Furthermore, Proclamation No. 89/1997
confirms and details the Constitutional principle that holding rights on land can be assigned to
peasants and nomads, and that these are to be secured from eviction and displacement. 1995
Constitutions Articles 40(4) and 40(5) provide for free land without payment for farmers and
pastoralists. Lastly, Proclamation No. 80/1993 allows companies to attain access to land through
auction, allocation, or lottery, similar to individuals.
Overall, the Constitution protects against unlawful seizure of property, stating “Everyone shall
have the right to his privacy and physical integrity. This right shall include protection form
searches of his person, his home, his property and protection from seizure of property under his
possession” (1995 Constitution Article 26). “Landholder” means an “individual, government, or
private organization or any…other…organ which has legal personality and has lawful possession
over the land to be expropriated and owns property situated thereon” (Proclamation No.
455/2005 Article 2(3)).
The key institutional actors involved in resettlement are the local governments of Ethiopia at the
woreda, urban administration, and kebele levels. This keeps in line with the Government‟s
policy of decentralization. The responsibilities of the federal and regional governments are
confined to the actual project‟s implementation. Agencies that tend to be included are the federal
and regional Ministries of Finance and Economic Development and the ministries associated
with the sector of the project.
Local governments implement most aspects of a RAP, as shown in the following:
Committee
Representatives
Woreda Compensation and Resettlement Committee • Woreda Administrator
• Woreda Office of Finance and Economic Development
• Woreda Officer for Agriculture and Rural Development
• Woreda Capacity Building Department
• Woreda mobilization office
• Representative from local NGO or CBO
• EPLAUA representative
Municipality Compensation and Resettlement Committee • Mayor or Town Administrator (Chairperson)
• Town Engineer/ surveyor
• Mobilization officer;
• Capacity Building Department
• Representative from local NGO or CBO
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Kebele Compensation and Implementing Committee
(Rural)
• Kebele Administrator (Chairperson);
• Kebele Development Agent (extension worker);
• Representative of PAPs;
• Village Elder / Leader (rotating position with one Leader
representing a number of villages and attending in rotation,
depending on the village and affected party being dealt
with);
• Representative from local NGO or CBO
Kebele Compensation Committee (Urban) • Kebele Administrator (Chairperson);
• Municipality Engineer;
• Representative of PAPs;
• Representative from local NGO or CBO
The Woreda and Municipal Committees are responsible for:
evaluating the projects and determining if a RAP is necessary, establishing kebele level
committees;
clarifying the polices to the kebele compensation committees;
establishing standards to unit rates of affected assets and compensation estimates
according to the guidelines in the RPF;
coordinating and supervising implementation by kebele compensation committees as
stipulated in the RPF and federal and regional guidelines;
ensuring that appropriate compensation procedures are followed; and
overseeing the project‟s requirements related to social impacts included resettlement and
compensation.
The local Kebele Committees are responsible for:
validating inventories of PAPs and affected assets;
allocating land where required to permanently affected households;
monitoring the disbursement of funds;
guiding and monitoring the implementation of relocation;
coordinating activities between the various organizations involved in relocation;
facilitating conflict resolution and addressing grievances; and
providing support and assistance to vulnerable groups.
ii) PROPERTY AND LAND RIGHTS IN ETHIOPIA
Land acquisition and property rights are defined in the 1995 Constitution Article 40(8), which
empowers the Government to expropriate private property for public purposes subject to
payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of the property. Under
Proclamation No. 455/2005, purchases of land and other assets are established in detailed
procedures and time limits where land could be acquired after a request is received from the
proponent along with compensation.
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The power to expropriate landholdings belongs to a woreda (rural local government) or urban
administration for a development project (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 3). The
implementing agency is required to provide written notification, with details of timing and
compensation, which cannot be less than 90 days from notification (Proclamation No. 455/2004
Article 4). Any entitled landholder who has been served with an expropriation order shall hand
over the land to the local woreda or urban administration within 90 days from the date of
payment of compensation should the leaseholder accept payment. Furthermore, where there is
no crop or other properties on the expropriated land, the title holder shall hand over the land
within 30 days of receipt of expropriation order. Lastly, Article 4 gives power to use police
force is a landholder is unwilling to hand over land.
The implementing agency is responsible for gathering data on the land needed and works, and
sending this the appropriate officials for permission. It is also required to compensate affected
landholders (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 5).
For example, regarding the removal of utility lines, the relevant government body must give a
written request to the affected landholder, and this body must determine a fair compensation
within 30 days (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 6). Compensation must be paid within 30
days of the receipt of the valuation, and the landholder must vacate the land within 60 days of
receipt of compensation.
iii) ACQUISITION AND VALUATION OF LAND AND OTHER ASSETS
Land valuations are often done at the woreda and urban administration levels. These local
government units establish valuation committees to value private properties (Proclamation No.
455/2005). In the case of publicly owned infrastructure with a designated right-of-way (ROW),
the owners of the structures within the ROW would assess the value of properties to be removed.
However, the law does not take into account depreciation values. The landholder is entitled to be
compensated for the property on the basis of replacement. Permanent improvements to the land,
equal to the value of capital and labour expended (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 7), are
specified as valid basis for determining replacement value. Where property is on urban land, the
law specifies that compensation “may not be less than constructing a single room in low cost
house as per the region in which it is located.” It is also required that the cost of removal,
transportation, and erection be paid as compensation for a relocated property, continuing its
service as before. Compensation will also be based on current cost, cost of demolishing, lifting,
and reinstalling. Valuation formulae are to be provided by regulations (Proclamation No.
455/2005 Article 7).
Assets will be broken down into components to assess value (ANRS 28/2007 and Directive No.
135/2007). Components for building costs include cost per square meter. Crops are subdivided
into crops and perennial crops, and calculated based on yield per square meter of land multiplied
by price per kilogram. Trees could be cut and used by owner plus payment of compensation for
loss of continued income. The cost of machinery, labour for improvement, and any
infrastructure as part of the improvement will be compensated based on current costs. Property
relocation is based on the cost to relocate property given that it is not damaged while being
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moved. The amount of compensation for loss of land that is used for grazing or production of
grass is based on the area of land and the current price per square meter. (Note: more detailed
instructions for compensation are included within Directive No. 135/2007.)
Further, assets will be classified as movable and immovable. For movable assets, compensation
will be paid for inconvenience and other transition costs (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article
7(2) and ANRS Regulation No. 51/2007). Urban immovable assets include residential houses,
business installations, institutional structures, stores, fences and public service providing
installation. In rural areas, they include seasonal crops, perennial fruit trees, timber trees and
other cash crops.
For losses that cannot be easily valued or compensated in monetary terms (e.g. access to public
services, grazing areas, water points, fishing ponds, etc.), an attempt will be made to establish
access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and earning opportunities (Proclamation
No. 455/2005 Article 7(2)).
In addition to compensation according to Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 7, a displacement
compensation shall be paid equivalent to ten times the average annual income he/she secured
during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article
8(3) and ANRS Regulation No. 51/2007). Compensation will be in an amount sufficient to
reinstate displaced people to their economic position prior to displacement, the regionally
relevant administration is required to give another piece of land to any person who lost his land
in favor of a public project (Proclamation No. 455/2005 and ANRS Directive No. 28/2007). The
assessment of compensation does not include the value of the land itself because land is a public
property and not subject to sale in Ethiopia.
Those with informal, or undocumented rights, and those without titles or use right (e.g. squatters,
encroachers) are eligible for specific assistance. Such assistance recognizes some “typical claim
to use rights or even ownership” after occupation of unused or unprotected lands has been
established. Informal use-rights are likely to have structures or land improvements that are
eligible for compensation, as stated in Proclamation No. 455/2005.
In general, valuation of property is to be carried out by a certified private or public institution or
private consultants as per the valuation formulae (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 9). The
committee must be made up of experts with relevant qualifications (Proclamation No. 455/2005
Article 10). This must be not more than 5 experts in rural areas and be designated by the woreda
or urban administration. A specialized committee of experts may also be set up separately if
required.
The local and federal governments have different roles in compensation. The woreda and urban
administrations are responsible that compensation is paid and giving rehabilitation support to the
extent possible, and maintain data regarding properties removed from expropriated landholdings
(Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 13). The Ministry of Federal Resources has the power and
duty to ensure there is compliance with Proclamation No. 455/2005 at the regional level, to
provide technical and capacity building support in implementation at the regional level, and
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prepare the valuation formulae (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 12 and ANRS Proclamation
No. 133.2006).
iv) ENTITLEMENTS AND COMPENSATION
The people of Ethiopia are given the right to improved living standards and sustainable
development and the right to be consulted with respected to policies and projects affecting their
communities (1995 Constitution Articles 43(1) and 43(2)). Additionally, all international
agreements and relations by the State must protect and ensure Ethiopia‟s right to sustainable
development (1995 Constitution Article 43(3)). Lastly, 1995 Constitution Article 44 guarantees
the right to a clean and healthy environment.
The 1995 Constitution Article 40(8) provides that “without prejudice to the right to private
property, the State may expropriate private property for public use with the prior payment of
adequate compensation.” The words “prior” and “adequate” are in line with the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights. This manifests rights to citizens for basic services and programs,
including facilities to guarantee education, health, and housing.
Persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected by a State
program are provided, under the 1995 Constitution Article 44, to some form of compensation for
their loss. This includes relocation expenses.
v) DISPUTE RESOLUTION AND GRIEVANCE MECHANISMS
The kebele (local level of government that is smaller than a woreda) shall discuss and agree to
the proposed expropriation (ANRS Proclamation No. 133/2006). The ANS Directive No. 7/2002
provides for the expeditious decision making system with regard to expropriation of urban land.
It describes the composition of the jury members: a justice officer as chair person, two residents
of the town where the land is located, and two representatives of government offices. The
decision of the Appeals Court regarding basic land expropriation issues is final; however, an
appellant could take the cases related to the amount of compensation, delays in payment, or
similar cases all the way up to the High Court.
If misunderstandings and disputes arise between the principal parties (e.g. local government
bodies and affected parties) involved in the resettlement and compensation process, the preferred
means of settling disputes is through arbitration (Proclamation No. 455/2005). The number and
composition of the arbitration tribunal may be determined by the concerned parties. Though
Proclamation No. 455/2005 provides for appeals from valuation decision, such action will not
delay the transfer of possession of land to the proponent.
A complaint related to the amount of compensation shall be submitted to the regular court having
jurisdiction (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 11(1)) if the administrative body for handling
disputes has not yet been established. Appeals for dispute resolution may be referred to the High
Court (Regulation No. 51/2007). The regular court having jurisdiction within the region may also
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be involved in implementation and compensation of resettlement if the administrative organ to
hear land grievances has not yet been established (Proclamation No. 455/2005 Article 11(1)).
Similarly, if the land holder is not satisfied with the decision of the compensation grievance
review committee, the case may be referred to the High Court (Regulation No. 51/2007).
vi) COMPARISON TO WORLD BANK OP 4.12
There are significant gaps between Ethiopian laws and regulations and the requirements for
resettlement as laid out in OP 4.12. The Ethiopian laws and regulations are not completely
compatible with the Bank‟s OP4.12 provisions. As shown in Table I (below) highlights the
differences between Ethiopian laws and World Bank policies regarding resettlement and
compensation. Below is a short discussion of the most important differences.
While OP 4.12 requires that compensation be completed prior to the start of the project, there are
no similar timetables set out in Ethiopian laws or regulations. Additionally, there is no provision
for relocation assistance, transitional support, or the provision of civic infrastructure under
Ethiopian law. (See Table I, Section II)
Additionally, Ethiopian law does not make any specific accommodation for squatters or illegal
settlers, other than recognition of some use-rights, such as when settlers can claim rights to the
land. OP 4.12 requires that affected communities be consulted regarding project implementation
and resettlement. Affected communities should also receive the opportunity to participate,
implement, and monitor resettlement. However, Ethiopian law states that, when it is determined
that a right of way must be established, the expropriation rights of the State take precedence,
although the Constitution protects the individual‟s use-rights.
Ethiopian law makes no specific accommodations for potentially vulnerable groups such as
women, children, the elderly, ethnic minorities, indigenous people, the landless, and those living
under the poverty line. These groups are at highest risk to experience negative effects due to
resettlement, and should receive special consideration during the preparation of a resettlement
policy framework to assure that they can maintain at least the same standard of living after
displacement takes place.
Finally, there is also no provision in the law that the state should attempt to minimize involuntary
resettlement. However, this appears to be implicit in the country‟s Constitution.
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Table I: Comparison of Ethiopian and World Bank Policies on Resettlement and Compensation
Types of Affected Persons/ Lost
Assets
Ethiopian Law World Bank OP4.12
Comparison/Gaps
Section I: Property and land rights Land Owners Overall, “Landholder” means an
“individual, government, or
private organization or
any…other…organ which has
legal personality and has lawful
possession over the land to be
expropriated and owns property
situated thereon” (Proclamation
No. 455/2005 Article 2(3)).
Through census and socio-
economic surveys of the affected
population, identify, assess, and
address the potential economic
and social impacts of the project
that are caused by involuntary
taking of land (e.g., relocation or
loss of shelter, loss of assets or
access to assets, loss of income
sources or means of livelihood,
whether or not the affected person
must move to another location) or
involuntary restriction of access to
legally designated parks and
protected areas
Land-for-land exchange is the
preferred option; compensation is
to be based on replacement cost.
The Constitution provides for
land-based resettlement. Although
its provisions could be interpreted
as implying a preference for land
based strategies for displaced
persons whose livelihoods are
land-based, there is no specific
legislative or regulatory provision
made for this preference.
Land Tenants/Squatters There is no time limit on use-
rights or usufruct, subject to a
proof of permanent physical
property, ability to farm
continuously and meet
administrative dues and
For those without formal legal
rights to lands or claims to such
land that could be recognized
under the laws of the country, the
government should provide
resettlement assistance in lieu of
While in principle no distinction
or discrimination is made on the
basis of gender, age, or ethnic
origin, there is no equivalence on
the specific requirement of non-
discrimination or the requirement
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Table I: Comparison of Ethiopian and World Bank Policies on Resettlement and Compensation
Types of Affected Persons/ Lost
Assets
Ethiopian Law World Bank OP4.12
Comparison/Gaps
obligations (1995 Constitution
Article 40(3)). Furthermore,
Proclamation No. 89/1997
confirms and details the
Constitutional principle that
holding rights on land can be
assigned to peasants and nomads,
and that these are to be secured
from eviction and displacement.
1995 Constitutions Articles 40(4)
and 40(5) provide for free land
without payment for farmers and
pastoralists. Lastly, Proclamation
No. 80/1993 allows companies to
attain access to land through
auction, allocation, or lottery,
similar to individuals.
compensation for land, to help
improve or at least restore those
affected persons‟ livelihoods
that particular attention be paid to
the needs of vulnerable groups
among the displaced.
Land Users The Constitution protects against
unlawful seizure of property,
stating “Everyone shall have the
right to his privacy and physical
integrity. This right shall include
protection form searches of his
person, his home, his property and
protection from seizure of
property under his possession”
(1995 Constitution Article 26).
Identify and address impacts also
if they result from other activities
that are: (a) directly and
significantly related to the
proposed project, (b) necessary to
achieve its objectives, and (c)
carried out or planned to be
carried out contemporaneously
with the project.
No equivalence between Bank and
Ethiopian systems for identifying
and addressing impacts resulting
from project related activities.
Owners of non-permanent
buildings
There are no constitutionally or
legislatively recognized
For those without formal legal
rights to lands or claims to such
There appears to be a significant
difference between Ethiopian laws
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Table I: Comparison of Ethiopian and World Bank Policies on Resettlement and Compensation
Types of Affected Persons/ Lost
Assets
Ethiopian Law World Bank OP4.12
Comparison/Gaps
resettlement rights or assistance
for those without recognized
(formal) legal rights to land.
land or assets that could be
recognized under the laws of the
country, Bank policy provides for
resettlement assistance in lieu of
compensation for land, to help
improve or at least restore their
livelihoods.
and Bank policy. Those without
formal legal rights or claims to
such lands and/or semi-permanent
structures are not entitled to
resettlement assistance or
compensation.
Owners of permanent buildings Proclamation No. 455/2005
established detailed procedures
and time limits which land could
be acquired after request is
received from the proponent along
with compensation. The power to
expropriate landholdings belongs
to a woreda (rural local
government) or urban
administration for a development
project (Proclamation No.
455/2005 Article 3). The
implementing agency is required
to provide written notification,
with details of timing and
compensation, which cannot be
less than 90 days from notification
(Proclamation No. 455/2004
Article 4). Any entitled
landholder who has been served
with an expropriation order shall
hand over the land to the local
woreda or urban administration
within 90 days from the date of
Entitled to in-kind compensation
or cash compensation at full
replacement cost including labor
and relocation expenses, prior to
displacement
Ethiopian law requires the
affected persons receive
compensation on the basis of
replacement value when
permanent structures are affected.
Although the law can be
interpreted to include labor and
relocation expenses, these are not
explicitly enumerated under
Ethiopian law.
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Table I: Comparison of Ethiopian and World Bank Policies on Resettlement and Compensation
Types of Affected Persons/ Lost
Assets
Ethiopian Law World Bank OP4.12
Comparison/Gaps
payment of compensation should
the leaseholder accept payment.
Furthermore, where there is no
crop or other properties on the
expropriated land, the title holder
shall hand over the land within 30
days of receipt of expropriation
order. Lastly, Article 4 gives
power to use police force is a
landholder is unwilling to hand
over land.
Section II: Resettlement and Compensation Process Timing of compensation payments There are no relevant
constitutional or legislative
provisions that specify the timing
of completion of resettlement and
compensation.
Implement all relevant resettlement
plans before project completion and
provide resettlement entitlements
before displacement or restriction of
access. For projects involving
restrictions of access, impose the
restrictions in accordance with the
timetable in the plan of actions.
There is no equivalence on
implementing all relevant
resettlement plans before project
completion or on providing
resettlement entitlements before
displacement or restriction of
access. Even if these requirements
are met, they would be applicable
only to communities with
proprietary rights or interests in
affected lands.
Calculation of compensation and
valuation
Assets will be broken down into
components to assess value (ANRS
28/2007 and Directive No.
135/2007). Components for
building costs include cost per
square meter. Crops are
Bank policy requires: (a) prompt
compensation at full replacement
cost for loss of assets attributable
to the project; (b) if there is
relocation, assistance during
relocation, and residential
There are no equivalent provisions
on relocation assistance,
transitional support, or the
provision of civic infrastructure.
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Table I: Comparison of Ethiopian and World Bank Policies on Resettlement and Compensation
Types of Affected Persons/ Lost
Assets
Ethiopian Law World Bank OP4.12
Comparison/Gaps
subdivided into crops and
perennial crops, and calculated
based on yield per square meter of
land multiplied by price per
kilogram. Trees could be cut and
used by owner plus payment of
compensation for loss of
continued income. The cost of
machinery, labour for
improvement, and any
infrastructure as part of the
improvement will be compensated
based on current costs. Property
relocation is based on the cost to
relocate property given that it is
not damaged while being moved.
The amount of compensation for
loss of land that is used for
grazing or production of grass is
based on the area of land and the
current price per square meter.
(Note: more detailed instructions
for compensation are included
within Directive No. 135/2007.)
housing, or housing sites, or
agricultural sites of equivalent
productive potential, as required;
(c) transitional support and
development assistance, such as
land preparation, credit facilities,
training or job opportunities as
required, in addition to
compensation measures; (d) cash
compensation for land when the
impact of land acquisition on
livelihoods is minor; and (e)
provision of civic infrastructure
and community services as
required.
Relocation and resettlement A permanently displaced
landholder will, in addition to
compensation according to
Proclamation No. 455/2005
Article 7, be paid displacement
compensation which shall be
To avoid or minimize involuntary
resettlement and, where this is not
feasible, to assist displaced
persons in improving or at least
restoring their livelihoods and
standards of living in real terms
Ethiopian laws do not appear to
make provisions for avoidance or
minimizing of involuntary
resettlement
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Table I: Comparison of Ethiopian and World Bank Policies on Resettlement and Compensation
Types of Affected Persons/ Lost
Assets
Ethiopian Law World Bank OP4.12
Comparison/Gaps
equivalent to ten times the average
annual income he secured during
the five year proceeding the
expropriation of the land
(Proclamation No. 455/2005
Article 8(3) and ANRS Regulation
No. 51/2007).
relative to pre-displacement levels
or to levels prevailing prior to the
beginning of project
implementation, whichever is
higher
Completion of resettlement and
compensation
There are no relevant
constitutional or legislative
provisions that specifically state
that resettlement and
compensation needs to be
completed.
Implement all relevant resettlement
plans before project completion and
provide resettlement entitlements
before displacement or restriction of
access. For projects involving
restrictions of access, impose the
restrictions in accordance with the
timetable in the plan of actions.
There is no equivalence between
Ethiopian law and World Bank
policies on implementing relevant
resettlement plans before project
completion or on providing
resettlement entitlements before
displacement or restriction of
access. Even if these requirements
are met, they would be applicable
only to communities with
proprietary rights or interests in
affected lands.
Livelihood restoration and
assistance
There are no specific laws or
regulations specifying support for
livelihood restoration and
transition and moving allowances
Livelihoods and living standards
are to be restored in real terms to
pre-displacement levels or better
Ethiopian policy and legislation
would need to be aligned with
Bank policy to effectively
guarantee rights of all affected
persons of involuntary
resettlement
Consultation and disclosure Before any land is expropriated,
the kebele (local level of
government that is smaller than a
woreda) shall discuss and agree to
the proposed expropriation (ANRS
Consult project-affected persons,
host communities and local NGOs,
as appropriate. Provide them
opportunities to participate in the
planning, implementation, and
Despite the differences identified,
the practice has been that where a
mitigation plan affects local
communities, proceedings are
conducted in the local language.
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Table I: Comparison of Ethiopian and World Bank Policies on Resettlement and Compensation
Types of Affected Persons/ Lost
Assets
Ethiopian Law World Bank OP4.12
Comparison/Gaps
Proclamation No. 133/2006).
monitoring of the resettlement
program, especially in the process
of developing and implementing the
procedures for determining
eligibility for compensation benefits
and development assistance (as
documented in a resettlement plan),
and for establishing appropriate and
accessible grievance mechanisms.
This is significant considering the
composition of those most likely
to be excluded under Ethiopian
legislative and constitutional
protection for involuntary
resettlement
(i.e., squatters).
Section III: Dispute Resolution Grievance mechanism and dispute
resolution
ANS Directive No. 7/2002
provides for the expeditious
decision making system with
regard to expropriation of urban
land. It provides the composition
of the jury members: a justice
officer as chair person, two
residents of the town where the
land is located, and two
representatives of government
offices. The decision of the
Appeals Court regarding basic
land expropriation issues is final;
however, an appellant could take
the cases related to the amount of
compensation, delays in payment,
or similar cases all the way up to
the High Court.
Establish appropriate and accessible
grievance mechanisms
There are no similar juridical
procedures explicitly applied in
non-urban or rural settings.
Note: In case of differences in Ethiopia’s laws and policies and the World Bank's OP 4.12, the higher standard will be applied.
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PART V: COMPENSATION FOR LAND AND OTHER ASSETS
The RPF guidelines apply to all components under the Private Sector Development Capacity
Building Project, whether or not they are directly funded in whole or in part by the Private Sector
Development Capacity Building Project. The RPF applies to activities in sub-projects (or
components) affecting those who would be physically displaced or who would lose some or all
access to resources, and regardless of the total number affected, the severity of impact, and their
legal status (e.g. the RPF guidelines apply also to those with ill-defined or no title to the land).
The RPF provides special attention to the needs of vulnerable groups among the PAPs,
especially households with incomes below the national poverty line, including the landless,
elderly and disabled, women and children, vulnerable groups, and other historically
disadvantaged.
The activities in the Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project that are expected to
have some land acquisition or restriction of access include the following:
Describe the Project components that may involve, for example: land acquisition for
construction of structures; road building or access ways; workers camps; etc.
In the privatization process of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), it is expected that land and
assets will be acquired by private entities. There is currently no situation identified that may
involve acquisition of land for the construction of structures; road building or access ways,
worker camps or other. However, there remains the possibility of land being acquired to
provide or enlarge buffers around facilities presenting environmental, health and safety risks to
the community. This was not assessed at this stage of the process.
Although the exact nature and locations of sub-projects are unknown, the following categories of
PAPs will be used in identifying groups of PAPs for the purpose of determining impacts.
Project affected persons (PAPs) are individuals whose assets may be lost, including land,
property, other assets, and/or access to natural and/or economic resources as a result of activities
related to privatization of the SOE.
Project affected households are groups of PAPs in one household and where one or more of its
members are directly affected by the Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project.
These include members like the head of household, male, and female members, dependent
relatives, tenants, etc.
Vulnerable groups of people. From these households the Private Sector Development Capacity
Building Project will separately identify the vulnerable members, such as those who are too old
or too ill; children; those stricken with HIV/AIDS; women; unemployed youth; etc. Households
headed by women that depend on sons, brothers, and others for support are especially vulnerable.
Similarly, households with elderly or seriously ill persons are eligible for additional support.
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During implementation of this Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project, a social
assessment will be carried out to identify the areas or sites within the SOEs that may trigger OP
4.12 due to privatization of the SOE.. At that stage, OP 4.12 calls for the preparation of separate
stand-alone Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) consistent with the guidelines provided in this
RPF. The following procedural guidelines will apply when it is determined that a RAP would be
developed.
(i) All potential PAPs should be identified (through a scoping exercise) and informed about
their options and rights pertaining to compensation for land and assets to be acquired due
to the privatization process;
(ii) PAPs must be consulted about land acquisition and compensation and offered technical
and financial options, including the most economically feasible alternatives; and
(iii) PAPs should receive reasonable compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets
and access attributable to the sub-project.
Screening. This process would lead to the creation of a list of the number and types of
infrastructure (including buildings or other structures) that the privatization process will impact
and that may potentially involve resettlement issues. This list will be presented to affected
communities using a sensitization and consultation process. These consultations will be
documented for each SOE site.
RAP Preparation. As soon as the list (sub-projects) is approved by the responsible agency
implementing the Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project, a consultative and
participatory process for preparing a RAP will be started, as follows:
(i) A socio-economic survey will be completed to determine scope and nature of
resettlement impacts.
(ii) The socio-economic study will be carried out to collect data in the selected sub-project
sites.
(iii) The socio-economic assessment will focus on the potential affected communities,
including some demographic data, description of the area, livelihoods, the local
participation process, and establishing baseline information on livelihoods and income,
landholding, etc.
Annex 2 describes the requirements for the RAP in detail. In general, the RAP contains the
following information:
(i) Baseline Census;
(ii) Socio-Economic Survey;
(iii) Specific Compensation Rates and Standards;
(iv) Entitlements related to any additional impacts;
(v) Relocation Site Description;
(vi) Programs to Improve or Restore Livelihoods and Standards of Living;
(vii) Detailed cost estimates and Implementation Schedule;
(viii)Grievance Procedures
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(ix)Organizational responsibility
(viii) Implementing Organization Capacity
(ix) Implementation Schedule
(x) Cost & Budget
(xiii) Monitoring & Evaluation
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The RAPs will be prepared by the agency responsible for privatization.
The following guidelines are used when a RAP is developed.
(i) Consultation and participatory approaches. A participatory approach is adopted to initiate
the compensation process. The consultations must start during the planning stages when the
technical designs are being developed, and at the land selection/screening stage. The process
therefore seeks the involvement of PAPs throughout the census for identifying eligible PAPs
and throughout the RAP preparation process.
(ii) Disclosure and notification. All eligible PAPs are informed about the [Project] and the RAP
process. A cut-off date is established as part of determining PAPs eligibility. In special cases
where there are no clearly identifiable owners or users of the land or asset, the RAP team
must notify the respective local authorities and leaders. A “triangulation” of information –
affected persons; community leaders and representatives; and an independent agent (e.g.
local organization or NGO; other government agency; land valuer) – may help to identify
eligible PAPs. The RAP must notify PAPs about the established cut-off date and its
significance. PAPs must be notified both in writing and by verbal notification delivered in
the presence of all the relevant stakeholders.
(iii) Documentation and verification of land and other assets. The government authorities at both
national and local levels; community elders and leaders; representatives from the [Project
Agency] will arrange meetings with PAPs to discuss the compensation and valuation
process. For each individual or household affected by the sub-project, the RAP preparation
team will complete a Compensation Report containing necessary personal information on
the PAPs and their household members; their total land holdings; inventory of assets
affected; and demographic and socio-economic information for monitoring of impacts. This
information will be documented in a Report, and ideally should be “witnessed” by an
independent or locally acceptable body (e.g. Resettlement Committee). The Reports will be
regularly updated and monitored.
(iv) Compensation and valuation. All types of compensation will be clearly explained to the
individual and households involved. These refer especially to the basis for valuing the land
and other assets. Once such valuation is established, the Authority will produce a Contract
or Agreement that lists all property and assets being acquired by the sub-project and the
types of compensation selected. Table II below provides a sample of entitlements that are
eligible for compensation. These options include in-kind (e.g. replacement housing) and
cash compensation. All compensation should occur in the presence of the affected persons
and the community local leaders.
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Table II: Entitlement Matrix
Land and Assets Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
Agricultural land Cash compensation for affected
land equivalent to market value
Less than 20% of land holding
affected
Land remains economically
viable.
Farmer/ title holder Cash compensation for affected land equivalent to
replacement value
Tenant/ lease
holder
Cash compensation for the harvest or product from the
affected land or asset, equivalent to average market value of
last 3 years, or market value of the crop for the remaining
period of tenancy/ lease agreement, whichever is greater.
Greater than 20% of land
holding lost
Land does not become
economically viable.
Farmer/ Title
holder
Land for land replacement where feasible, or compensation in
cash for the entire landholding according to PAP‟s choice.
Land for land replacement will be in terms of a new parcel of
land of equivalent size and productivity with a secure tenure
status at an available location which is acceptable to PAPs.
Transfer of the land to PAPs shall be free of taxes,
registration, and other costs.
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-
establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of
12 months while short- term crops mature )
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-
establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of
12 months while short- term crops mature )
Tenant/Lease
holder
Cash compensation equivalent to average of last 3 years‟
market value for the mature and harvested crop, or market
value of the crop for the remaining period of tenancy/ lease
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Table II: Entitlement Matrix
Land and Assets Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
agreement, whichever is greater.
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-
establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of
12 months while short- term crops mature
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-
establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of
12 months while short- term crops mature )
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance).
Commercial Land Land used for business
partially affected
Limited loss
Title holder/
business owner
Cash compensation for affected land
Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 5% of net annual
income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records
from comparable business, or estimates where such records do
not exist).
Business owner is
lease holder
Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 10% of net
annual income based on tax records for previous year (or tax
records from comparable business, or estimates where such
records do not exist)
Assets used for business
severely affected
If partially affected, the
remaining assets become
insufficient for business
purposes
Title
holder/business
owner
Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according
to PAP‟s choice. Land for land replacement will be provided
in terms of a new parcel of land of equivalent size and market
potential with a secured tenure status at an available location
which is acceptable to the PAP.
Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes,
registration, and other costs.
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance)
Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net
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Table II: Entitlement Matrix
Land and Assets Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records
from comparable business, or estimates)
Business person is
lease holder
Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net
income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records
from comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation
allowance, whichever is higher.
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting)
Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property (for a
maximum of 6 months) to reestablish the business.
Residential Land Land used for residence
partially affected, limited loss
Remaining land viable for
present use.
Title holder Cash compensation for affected land
Rental/lease holder Cash compensation equivalent to 10% of lease/ rental fee for
the remaining period of rental/ lease agreement (written or
verbal)
Title holder Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according
to PAP‟s choice.
Land for land replacement shall be of minimum plot of
acceptable size under the zoning law/ s or a plot of equivalent
size, whichever is larger, in either the community or a nearby
resettlement area with adequate physical and social
infrastructure systems as well as secured tenure status.
When the affected holding is larger than the relocation plot,
cash compensation to cover the difference in value.
Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes,
registration, and other costs.
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Table II: Entitlement Matrix
Land and Assets Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance)
Land and assets used for
residence severely affected
Remaining area insufficient for
continued use or becomes
smaller than minimally
accepted under zoning laws
Rental/lease holder Refund of any lease/ rental fees paid for time/ use after date of
removal
Cash compensation equivalent to 3 months of lease/ rental fee
Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance)
Buildings and
structures
Structures are partially affected
Remaining structures viable for
continued use
Owner Cash compensation for affected building and other fixed assets
Cash assistance to cover costs of restoration of the remaining
structure
Rental/lease holder Cash compensation for affected assets (verifiable
improvements to the property by the tenant).
Disturbance compensation equivalent to two months rental
costs
Entire structures are affected or
partially affected
Remaining structures not
suitable for continued use
Owner Cash compensation for entire structure and other fixed assets
without depreciation, or alternative structure of equal or better
size and quality in an available location which is acceptable to
the PAP.
Right to salvage materials without deduction from
compensation
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance)
Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job
placement, skills training)
Rental/lease holder Cash compensation for affected assets (verifiable
improvements to the property by the tenant)
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Table II: Entitlement Matrix
Land and Assets Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance equivalent
to four months rental costs)
Assistance to help find alternative rental arrangements
Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job
placement, skills training)
Squatter/informal
dweller
Cash compensation for affected structure without depreciation
Right to salvage materials without deduction from
compensation
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance to find
alternative secure accommodation preferably in the
community of residence through involvement of the project
Alternatively, assistance to find accommodation in rental
housing or in a squatter settlement scheme, if available)
Rehabilitation assistance if required assistance with job
placement, skills training)
Street vendor
(informal without
title or lease to the
stall or shop)
Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net
income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records
from comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation
allowance, whichever is higher.
Relocation assistance (costs of shifting)
Assistance to obtain alternative site to re- establish the
business.
Standing crops Crops affected by land
acquisition or temporary
acquisition or easement
PAP (whether
owner, tenant, or
squatter)
Cash compensation equivalent to average of last 3 years
market value for the mature and harvested crop.
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Table II: Entitlement Matrix
Land and Assets Types of Impact Person(s) Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits
Trees Trees lost Title holder Cash compensation based on type, age and productive value of
affected trees plus 10% premium
Temporary
Acquisition
Temporary acquisition PAP (whether
owner, tenant, or
squatter)
Cash compensation for any assets affected (e. g. boundary
wall demolished, trees removed)
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(v) Community payments. Although most sub-projects do not normally take land and other
assets belonging to a community, such as a community center, school, or sacred site, if this
occurs in a sub-project, the community (as a whole) will be compensated. This
compensation will be in the form of reconstruction of the facility (in case of damages) or
replacement at least the same standard or equivalent or better standard required by local
planning regulation. Examples of community compensation expansion of grazing grounds;
rehabilitation of school buildings, public toilets, health facilities; installation of wells or
pumps; creation of market places; and reconstruction of community roads.
(vi) Grievance mechanism. Grievances are first preferred to be settled amicably whenever
possible. That is, positive discussions are made to convince the affected PAP in the presence
of elders, local administration (municipalities, woreda and kebele administration)
representatives or any influential person in the locality. According to proclamation NO.455/2005, Article 11 sub article 1: In rural areas and in urban
centers where an administrative organ to hear grievances related to urban landholding is not yet
established, a complaint relating to the amount of compensation shall be submitted to the regular
court having jurisdiction. "
In urban areas, a PAP who is dissatisfied with the amount of compensation may complain to an
administrative organ; and if the PAP is still not satisfied, may appeal to the regular appellate court or
municipal appellate court within thirty days from the date of the decision. However, the Project is
not liable for the provision of support in the context of the aforementioned grievance process.
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PART VI: IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE AND COSTS
Since the specific sites and sub-projects are not yet determined, this RPF refers only to an
estimated number of PAPs. Because costs of resettlement and compensation are based on
technical designs and results of scoping, it is not possible to produce a detailed budget for RAP
implementation. Once a budget is finalized, it will be subject to approval by the World Bank.
An indicative RAP budget outline can be found in Table III below.
Table III: Indicative Outline of a RAP Budget
Asset acquisition Amount
or
number
Total estimated
cost
Agency responsible
Land
Structure
Crops and economic tress
Community infrastructure
Land Acquisition and Preparation
Land
Structures
Crops areas and others
Community infrastructure
Relocations
Transfer of possessions
Installation costs
Economic Rehabilitation
Training
Capital Investments
Technical Assistance
Monitoring
Contingency
# Item Costs Assumptions
1 Compensation for loss of Land
/hectare
For land acquisition purposes,
based on Ethiopian average market
cost, or from similar projects
2 Compensation for loss of Crops
/hectare of
farm lost
Includes costs of labor invested
and average of highest price of
staple food crops and Ethiopian
market prices
3 Compensation for loss of access to
pastoralists
If applicable
Those affected would be provided
with shared access, or alternate
routes ( decision agreed through
consultation and participation of
all)
4 Compensation for loss of access to fishing If applicable Data provided from the revised
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resources. socio-economic study will
determine market values of catch,
fish products etc.
5 Compensation for Buildings and Structures
If applicable
This compensation may be in-kind
or cash. Costs for basic housing
needs should include ventilated pit
latrines, outside kitchen, and
storage.
6 Compensation for Trees
/year/tree
Includes costs of labor invested
and average of highest price of
trees (and tree products) and
Ethiopian market prices
7 Cost of Relocation Assistance/Expenses /household
This cost reflects the moving and
transportation allowance
8 Cost of Restoration of Individual Income
Assumed to be higher than the
GDP/capita in Ethiopia
9 Cost of Restoration of Household Income
These costs reflect the livelihood
restoration program of the RAP
10 Cost of Training Farmers, pastoralists and
other PAPs
This is a mitigation measure
involving capacity building and
involves PAPs and affected
communities
The PIU will determine an appropriate Resettlement Budget. It is usually financed in-country
through the administrative and financial management rules and manuals issued by the
Government of Ethiopia.
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PART VII: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE PLAN
Public consultations in relation to the RAP occur at all stages, starting with inception and
planning when the potential lands and alternative sites are being considered. A participatory
approach is adopted as an on-going strategy throughout the entire project cycle.
Public participation and consultations take place through individual, group, or community
meetings. Additionally, radio programs and other media forms may be used to further
disseminate information. PAPs are consulted in the survey process; public notices where
explanations of the sub-project are made; RAP implementation of activities; and during the
monitoring and evaluation process. Selection of ways to consult, and expand participation by
PAPs and other stakeholders, will take into consideration literacy levels prevalent in affected
communities; ethnicity and cultural aspects; and practical conditions (like distance).
The role of traditional political and cultural leaders, including the community elders, in the
participation strategy will be important. The RAP team should ensure that these leaders and local
representatives of PAPs are fully involved in designing the public consultation procedures.
Data collecting phase. Consultations during preparation, in particular, the collection of
background information, and the social survey or social assessment, are critical for successful
data collection. The levels of consultation will vary from households to community groups,
based on the particular context of the sub-project(s). The RAP team will design the
questionnaires but it will be the households, organizations, and institutions that will validate their
effectiveness through feedback. Focus group meetings with women, farmers‟ associations,
individuals who own farms, fishing boats, etc, as well as primary and/or secondary schools,
health centers, and agricultural cooperative unions are usually good sources for establishing the
community baseline situation.
Implementation phase. During implementation, PAPs will be informed about their rights and
options. The grievance mechanism will continue to operate and all grievances will be recorded.
The participation of local leaders and PAPs in disseminating information and resolving disputes
will be important once RAP implementation starts. A dynamic participatory approach involves
PAPs in decision making about livelihood and community development programs.
Monitoring and evaluation phase. PAPs representatives will participate in the sub-project
workshops at mid-term and at the end of RAP implementation. To the extent possible, the RAP
should include social accountability tools like citizen report cards to assess the quality of RAP
implementation, and in some cases, assist the RAP team in tracking expenditures. The latter
would be significant in helping PAPs with money management and restoring their livelihoods.
PAPs will be able to suggest corrective measures, as needed, to improve RAP implementation in
the sub-project(s). Prior to closing the RAP, PAPs will participate in a feedback survey as part of
the RAP‟s independent impact evaluation exercise.
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PART VIII: MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF IMPACTS
The RAP team will be expected to develop and implement a Monitoring and Evaluation Plan
(MEP). The main indicators that the MEP will measure include: (i) impacts on affected
individuals, households, and communities to be maintained at their pre-project standard of living,
and better; (ii) improvement of communities affected by the project; and (iii) management of
disputes or conflicts. In order to measure these impacts, the RAP identifies the specific indicators
to be monitored; define how they will be measured on a regular basis; and identify key
monitoring milestones (e.g. at mid-point of the RAP implementation process).
The PIU will establish a reporting system for the sub-project RAP that will:
(i) Provide timely information to the project about all resettlement and compensation issues
arising as a result of RAP related activities;
(ii) Identify any grievances, especially those that have not yet been resolved at the local level
and which may require resolution at the higher levels (e.g. by the PIU);
(iii) Document completion of project resettlement and compensation that are still pending,
including for all permanent and temporary losses;
(iv) Evaluate whether all PAPs have been compensated in accordance with the requirements
of this RPF and that PAPs have better living conditions and livelihoods; and
(v) Identify mitigation measures, as necessity, when there are significant changes in the
indicators that may require strategic interventions (e.g. vulnerable groups are not
receiving sufficient support from the sub-project).
The independent impact evaluation will determine:
(i) If compensation payments have been completed in a satisfactory manner; and
(ii) If there are improvements in livelihoods and well-being of PAPs.
Several indicators are used to measure these impacts. These include, among others, a comparison
of income levels before-and-after; access to livelihoods and employment; changes in standards of
housing and living conditions; and improvements in level of participation in sub-project
activities. There are measures to verify these basic indicators, such as number of children in-
school (compared to pre-RAP levels); changes in health standards; and changes in access to
markets or roads – all of which may reflect overall improvements in standards of living.
The following methods will be used for measuring impacts:
(i) Questionnaires with data stored in a database for comparative analysis (before-after
and with-without);
(ii) Documentation and recording of PAPs situation, including subsequent uses of
assets/improvements;
(iii) Relocation/resettlement and Compensation Reports, including status of land
impacts; percentage of individuals selecting cash or a combination of cash and in-
kind compensation; proposed use of payments;
(iv) Number of grievances and time and quality of resolution; and
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(v) Ability of individuals and families to re-establish their pre-resettlement activities, in
terms of improvements in land and crop production, and/or presence of other
alternative incomes.
The RAP team will maintain, together with local officials, basic information on all physical or
economic displacement arising from the sub-project. This includes an update, for example on a
quarterly basis, of the following:
(i) Number of sub-projects requiring preparation of a RAP;
(ii) Number of households and individuals physically or economically displaced by each
sub-project;
(iii) Length of time from sub-project identification to payment of compensation to PAPs;
(iv) Timing of compensation in relation to commencement of physical works;
(v) Amount of compensation paid to each PAP household (if in cash), or the nature of
compensation (if in kind);
(vi) Number of people raising grievances in relation to each sub-project;
(vii) Number of unresolved grievances.
The PIU will review these statistics to determine whether the RAP implementation
arrangements, as defined in this RPF, are effective in addressing RAP related issues. Financial
records will be maintained by the sub-projects and the PIU, to determine the final cost of RAP
implementation. The following indicators (in Table IV) can be used to monitor implementation
of the RAP.
Table IV: Indicators of RAP Impacts
Monitoring (of Issues) Evaluation (of Impacts)
Number of compensation (and valuation) not
completed
Changes (+/-) in PAPs conditions during transition
process
Number of sub-projects unable to settle
compensation after two years
Changes (+/-) in PAPs income and livelihood
conditions
Number of grievances filed Quality of grievances or disputes resolved
(qualitative)
Number of livelihood restoration programs
completed
Changes (+/-) in affected households income levels
Pre project production versus present production
levels ( crops for crops, land for land)
Equal or improved production per affected
household/homestead
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Annual audit. The annual audit of RPF implementation, and as applicable RAP implementation
in sub-project(s), includes: (i) a summary of RAP performance of each sub-project; (ii) a
compliance review of RAP implementation process; and (iii) a progress report on the quality of
RAP implementation in terms of application of guidelines provided in this RPF.
The audit will verify results of monitoring of RAP implementation indicators, and assess whether
the project achieved the resettlement objectives. A specific measure of whether livelihood and
living standards have been restored or enhanced will be completed. The audit will also assess the
efficiency, effectiveness, impact, and sustainability of RAP sub-project activities. The aim is to
learn lessons for application to future sub-projects or other projects in the sector and in the
country. Finally, the audit will ascertain whether the resettlement entitlements were appropriate,
as defined in the RPF guidelines.
Socio-Economic Impact Assessment. The purpose of socio-economic assessment, which is part
of the evaluation process, is to ensure that PAPs livelihood and well being have improved, and
have not worsened as a result of the sub-project. An assessment will be undertaken on payment
of compensation, restoration of income and livelihoods, and provision of sufficient community
development activities. Monitoring of living standards will continue after resettlement.
Additionally a reasonable period (usually two years) must be established for monitoring post-
resettlement impacts. A number of indicators will be used for measuring status of affected
people.
Most socio-economic assessments use surveys, focus group meetings, and participatory appraisal
tools for measuring impacts. A separate assessment must be made for each sub-project.
Additionally, since a baseline household survey was completed during RAP preparation, the end-
RAP assessment can measure changes from this baseline.
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List of Annexes
Annex 1 World Bank Resettlement Policy Framework (Excerpt from World
Bank Operational Policy 4.12, Involuntary Resettlement)
Annex 2 Annotated Outline for Preparing a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)
Annex 3 Sample Grievance and Resolution Form
Annex 4 Sample Table of Contents for Consultation Reports
Annex 5 Glossary of Terms
Annex 6 Relevant Laws
Annex 7 List of State Owned Entreprises
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ANNEX 1: World Bank Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) [Excerpt from the World Bank OP4.12 Involuntary Resettlement, Revised April 2004]
These policies were prepared for use by World Bank staff and are not necessarily a complete treatment of
the subject. OP 4.12 (Revised April 2004) applies only to projects that are governed by OP / BP 6.00,
Bank Financing - that is, those in countries with approved country financing parameters. Other
operational policy statements governing Bank financing that have been amended to reflect OP/BP 6.00
also apply to these projects.
Projects in countries without approved country financing parameters continue to be subject to other
operational policy statements governing Bank financing.
Resettlement Policy Framework
For sector investment operations that may involve involuntary resettlement, the Bank requires that the
project implementing agency screen subprojects to be financed by the Bank to ensure their consistency
with this OP. For these operations, the borrower submits, prior to appraisal, a resettlement policy
framework that conforms to this policy (see Annex A, paragraphs 23-25). The framework also estimates,
to the extent feasible, the total population to be displaced, and the overall resettlement costs.
For financial intermediary operations that may involve involuntary resettlement, the Bank requires that
the financial intermediary (FI) screen subprojects to be financed by the Bank to ensure their consistency
with this OP. For these operations, the Bank requires that before appraisal the borrower or the FI submit
to the Bank a resettlement policy framework conforming to this policy (see Annex A, paragraphs 23-25).
In addition, the framework includes an assessment of the institutional capacity and procedures of each of
the FIs that will be responsible for subproject financing. When, in the assessment of the Bank, no
resettlement is envisaged in the subprojects to be financed by the FI, a resettlement policy framework is
not required. Instead, the legal agreements specify the obligation of the FIs to obtain from the potential
sub-borrowers a resettlement plan consistent with this policy if a subproject gives rise to resettlement. For
all subprojects involving resettlement, the resettlement plan is provided to the Bank for approval before
the subproject is accepted for Bank financing.
For other Bank-assisted project with multiple subprojects26 that may involve involuntary resettlement,
the Bank requires that a draft resettlement plan conforming to this policy be submitted to the Bank before
appraisal of the project unless, because of the nature and design of the project or of a specific subproject
or subprojects (a) the zone of impact of subprojects cannot be determined, or (b) the zone of impact is
known but precise sitting alignments cannot be determined. In such cases, the borrower submits a
resettlement policy framework consistent with this policy prior to appraisal (see Annex A, paragraphs 23-
25). For other subprojects that do not fall within the above criteria, a resettlement plan conforming to this
policy is required prior to appraisal.
For each subproject included in a project described in paragraphs 26, 27, or 28 that may involve
resettlement, the Bank requires that a satisfactory resettlement plan or an abbreviated resettlement plan
that is consistent with the provisions of the policy framework be submitted to the Bank for approval
before the subproject is accepted for Bank financing.
For projects described in paragraphs 26-28 above, the Bank may agree, in writing, that sub-project
resettlement plans may be approved by the project implementing agency or a responsible government
agency or financial intermediary without prior Bank review, if that agency has demonstrated adequate
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institutional capacity to review resettlement plans and ensure their consistency with this policy. Any such
delegation, and appropriate remedies for the entity‟s approval of resettlement plans found not to comply
with Bank policy, is provided for in the legal agreements for the project. In all such cases, implementation
of the resettlement plans is subject to ex post review by the Bank.
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ANNEX 2: Annotated Outline for Preparing a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) This template is extracted from OP 4.12 Annex A. Its full description can be found in the World Bank
external website [INSERT LINK].
The scope and level of detail of the RAP will vary depending on the magnitude and complexity of
resettlement or displacement. The RAP is prepared based on the most recent and accurate information on
the: (i) proposed resettlement and its impacts on displaced persons and other adversely affected groups;
and (ii) legal issues affecting resettlement. The RAP covers elements that are specific to the project
context.
A broad outline of the RAP, as applied to sub-projects covered under a RPF includes, but is not limited
to, the following:
Description of the sub-project: General description of the sub-project and identification of sub-project
area or areas.
Potential Impacts: Identification of the: (i) the sub-project components or activities that require
resettlement or restriction of access; (ii) zone of impact of components or activities; (iii) alternatives
considered to avoid or minimize resettlement or restricted access; and (iv) mechanisms established to
minimize resettlement, displacement, and restricted access, to the extent possible, during project
implementation.
Objectives: The main objectives of the resettlement program as these apply to the sub-projects.
Socio-economic studies: The findings of socio-economic studies to be conducted in the early stages of
project preparation, and with the involvement of potentially affected people will be needed. These
generally include the results of a census of the affected populations covering:
(i) Current occupants of the affected area as a basis for design of the RAP and to clearly set a cut-off
date, the purpose of which is to exclude subsequent inflows of people from eligibility for
compensation and resettlement assistance;
(ii) Standard characteristics of displaced households, including a description of production systems,
labor, and household organization; and baseline information on livelihoods (including, as
relevant, production levels and income derived from both formal and informal economic
activities) and standards of living (including health status) of the displaced population;
(iii) Magnitude of the expected loss, total or partial, of assets, and the extent of displacement, physical
or economic;
(iv) Information on vulnerable groups or persons, for whom special provisions may have to be made;
and
(v) Provisions to update information on the displaced people‟s livelihoods and standards of living at
regular intervals so that the latest information is available at the time of their displacement, and to
measure impacts (or changes) in their livelihood and living conditions.
There may be other studies that the RAP can draw upon, such as those describing the following:
(i) Land tenure, property, and transfer systems, including an inventory of common property natural
resources from which people derive their livelihoods and sustenance, non-title-based usufruct
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systems (including fishing, grazing, or use of forest areas) governed by local recognized land
allocation mechanisms, and any issues raised by different tenure systems in the sub project area;
(ii) Patterns of social interaction in the affected communities, including social support systems, and
how they will be affected by the sub-project;
(iii) Public infrastructure and social services that will be affected; and
(iv) Social and cultural characteristics of displaced communities, and their host communities,
including a description of formal and informal institutions. These may cover, for example,
community organizations; cultural, social or ritual groups; and non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) that may be relevant to the consultation strategy and to designing and implementing the
resettlement activities.
Legal Framework: The analysis of the legal and institutional framework should cover the following:
(i) Scope of existing land and property laws governing resources, including state-owned lands under
eminent domain and the nature of compensation associated with valuation methodologies; land
market; mode and timing of payments, etc;
(ii) Applicable legal and administrative procedures, including a description of the grievance procedures
and remedies available to PAPs in the judicial process and the execution of these procedures,
including any available alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that may be relevant to
implementation of the RAP for the sub-project;
(iii) Relevant laws ( including customary and traditional law) governing land tenure, valuation of assets
and losses, compensation, and natural resource usage rights, customary personal law; communal laws,
etc related to displacement and resettlement, and environmental laws and social welfare legislation;
(iv) Laws and regulations relating to the agencies responsible for implementing resettlement activities in
the sub-projects;
(v) Gaps, if any, between local laws covering resettlement and the Bank‟s resettlement policy, and the
mechanisms for addressing such gaps; and
(vi) Legal steps necessary to ensure the effective implementation of RAP activities in the sub-projects,
including, as appropriate, a process for recognizing claims to legal rights to land, including claims
that derive from customary and traditional usage, etc and which are specific to the sub-projects.
The institutional framework governing RAP implementation generally covers:
(i) Agencies and offices responsible for resettlement activities and civil society groups like NGOs that
may have a role in RAP implementation;
(ii) Institutional capacities of these agencies, offices, and civil society groups in carrying out RAP
implementation, monitoring, and evaluation; and
(iii) Activities for enhancing the institutional capacities of agencies, offices, and civil society groups,
especially in the consultation and monitoring processes.
Eligibility: Definition of displaced persons or PAPS and criteria for determining their eligibility for
compensation and other resettlement assistance, including relevant cut-off dates.
Valuation of and compensation for losses: The methodology to be used for valuing losses, or damages,
for the purpose of determining their replacement costs; and a description of the proposed types and levels
of compensation consistent with national and local laws and measures, as necessary, to ensure that these
are based on acceptable values (e.g. market rates).
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Resettlement Measures: A description of the compensation and other resettlement measures that will
assist each category of eligible PAPs to achieve the objectives of OP 4.12. Aside from compensation,
these measures should include programs for livelihood restoration, grievance mechanisms, consultations,
and disclosure of information.
Site selection, site preparation, and relocation: Alternative relocation sites should be described and cover
the following:
(i) Institutional and technical arrangements for identifying and preparing relocation sites, whether rural
or urban, for which a combination of productive potential, location advantages, and other factors is at
least comparable to the advantages of the old sites, with an estimate of the time needed to acquire and
transfer land and ancillary resources;
(ii) Any measures necessary to prevent land speculation or influx of eligible persons at the selected sites;
(iii) Procedures for physical relocation under the project, including timetables for site preparation and
transfer; and
(iv) Legal arrangements for recognizing (or regularizing) tenure and transferring titles to those being
resettled.
Housing, infrastructure, and social services: Plans to provide (or to finance provision of) housing,
infrastructure (e.g. water supply, feeder roads), and social services to host populations; and any other
necessary site development, engineering, and architectural designs for these facilities should be described.
Environmental protection and management. A description of the boundaries of the relocation area is
needed. This description includes an assessment of the environmental impacts of the proposed
resettlement and measures to mitigate and manage these impacts (coordinated as appropriate with the
environmental assessment of the main investment requiring the resettlement).
Community Participation: Consistent with the World Bank‟s policy on consultation and disclosure, a
strategy for consultation with, and participation of, PAPs and host communities, should include:
(i) Description of the strategy for consultation with and participation of PAPs and hosts in the design and
implementation of resettlement activities;
(ii) Summary of the consultations and how PAPs‟ views were taken into account in preparing the
resettlement plan; and
(iii) Review of resettlement alternatives presented and the choices made by PAPs regarding options
available to them, including choices related to forms of compensation and resettlement assistance, to
relocating as individual families or as parts of pre-existing communities or kinship groups, to
sustaining existing patterns of group organization, and to retaining access to cultural property (e.g.
places of worship, pilgrimage centers, cemeteries); and
(iv) Arrangements on how PAPs can communicate their concerns to project authorities throughout
planning and implementation, and measures to ensure that vulnerable groups (including indigenous
peoples, ethnic minorities, landless, children and youth, and women) are adequately represented.
The consultations should cover measures to mitigate the impact of resettlement on any host communities,
including:
(i) Consultations with host communities and local governments;
(ii) Arrangements for prompt tendering of any payment due the hosts for land or other assets provided to
PAPs;
(iii) Conflict resolution involving PAPs and host communities; and
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(iv) Additional services (e.g. education, water, health, and production services) in host communities to
make them at least comparable to services available to PAPs.
Grievance procedures: The RAP should provide mechanisms for ensuring that an affordable and
accessible procedure is in place for third-party settlement of disputes arising from resettlement. These
mechanisms should take into account the availability of judicial and legal services, as well as community
and traditional dispute settlement mechanisms.
RAP implementation responsibilities: The RAP should be clear about the implementation responsibilities
of various agencies, offices, and local representatives. These responsibilities should cover (i) delivery of
RAP compensation and rehabilitation measures and provision of services; (ii) appropriate coordination
between agencies and jurisdictions involved in RAP implementation; and (iii) measures (including
technical assistance) needed to strengthen the implementing agencies‟ capacities of responsibility for
managing facilities and services provided under the project and for transferring to PAPs some
responsibilities related to RAP components (e.g. community-based livelihood restoration; participatory
monitoring; etc).
Implementation Schedule: An implementation schedule covering all RAP activities from preparation,
implementation, and monitoring and evaluation should be included. These should identify the target dates
for delivery of benefits to the resettled population and the hosts, as well as clearly defining a closing date.
The schedule should indicate how the RAP activities are linked to the implementation of the overall
project.
Costs and budget: The RAP for the specific sub-projects should provide detailed (itemized) cost estimates
for all RAP activities, including allowances for inflation, population growth, and other contingencies;
timetable for expenditures; sources of funds; and arrangements for timely flow of funds. These should
include other fiduciary arrangements consistent with the rest of the project governing financial
management and procurement.
Monitoring and evaluation: Arrangements for monitoring of RAP activities by the implementing agency,
and the independent monitoring of these activities, should be included in the RAP section on monitoring
and evaluation. The final evaluation should be done by an independent monitor or agency to measure
RAP outcomes and impacts on PAPs‟ livelihood and living conditions. The World Bank has examples of
performance monitoring indicators to measure inputs, outputs, and outcomes for RAP activities;
involvement of PAPS in the monitoring process; evaluation of the impact of RAP activities over a
reasonable period after resettlement and compensation, and using the results of RAP impact monitoring to
guide subsequent implementation.
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ANNEX 3: Sample Grievance and Resolution Form Name (Filer of Complaint): __________________________________
ID Number: __________________________________ (PAPs ID number)
Contact Information : __________________________________ (Village ; mobile phone)
Nature of Grievance or Complaint:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Date Individuals Contacted Summary of Discussion
____________ __________________ ___________________________ Signature_______________________ Date: ____________
Signed (Filer of Complaint): ______________________________________
Name of Person Filing Complaint :__________________________( if different from Filer)
Position or Relationship to Filer: __________________________________
Review/Resolution
Date of Conciliation Session: ______________________________________
Was Filer Present? : Yes No
Was field verification of complaint conducted? Yes No
Findings of field investigation:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Summary of Conciliation Session Discussion:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Issues _____________________________________________________________________________
Was agreement reached on the issues? Yes No
If agreement was reached, detail the agreement below:
If agreement was not reached, specify the points of disagreement below:
____________________________________________________________________________________
Signed (Conciliator): ___________________________ Signed (Filer): ________________
Signed: ___________________________
Independent Observer
Date: ___________________________
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ANNEX 4: Sample Table of Contents for Consultation Reports 1.0 Introduction.
1.1 Project Description
1.2 Applicable Laws, Regulations, and Policies to Public Engagement
1.3 Project Lenders
2.0 Stakeholder Analysis
2.1 Areas of Influence/Stakeholders
2.2 Description of Stakeholders
3.0 Stakeholder Engagement
3.1 Previous Consultation Activities
3.2 Implemented Community Engagement Activities
3.3 Project Sponsor‟s Community Engagement Plan
3.3.1 Phase 1 – Initial Stakeholder Consultation
3.3.2 Phase 2 – Release of the SEA Terms of Reference and Draft PCDP
3.3.3 Phase 3 – Release of SEA Consultation Summary Report
4.0 Summary of Key Issues
5.0 Future Consultation Events
5.1 Phase 4 – Release of the SEA Report and Action Plans
5.2 Phase 5 – RCDAP Planning Consultation
5.3 Phase 6 - Ongoing Project Communication
6.0 Disclosure Plan
Tables
Table 2.1: Consultation Activity Summary
Table 3.1: Initial Government Agency Consultations
Table 3.2: Summary of NGO Meetings
Table 3.3: Sub-County Committee Composition
Table 3.4: Summary of Community Discussions
Table 3.5: Local Community Comments
Table 4.1: Summary of Key Issues and Responses
Table 5.1: Summary of Future Consultation Activities per Stakeholder Group
TEMPLATE Table on Consultation Activity Summary
Location and
Communities
Represented
Meeting Dates Attendees Discussion Summary
Example:
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ANNEX 5: Glossary of Terms Census A field survey carried out to identify and determine the number of Project Affected Persons
(PAPs) or Displaced Persons (DPs) as a result of land acquisition and related impacts. The
census provides the basic information necessary for determining eligibility for
compensation, resettlement, and other measures emanating from consultations with affected
communities and the local government institutions.
Compensation The payment in kind, cash or other assets given in exchange for the acquisition of land
including fixed assets, is called compensation. These include other impacts resulting from
activities to rehabilitate or cushion the impacts from displacement.
Cutoff Date The cut-off date is the date of commencement of the census of PAPs or DPs within the
EASP program area boundaries. This is the date on and beyond which any person whose
land is occupied for EASP program, will not be eligible for compensation.
Grievance
Mechanism The RPF contains a grievance mechanism based on policies and procedures that are
designed to ensure that the complaints or disputes about any aspect of the land
acquisition, compensation, resettlement, and rehabilitation process, etc. are being
addressed. This mechanism includes a procedure for filing of complaints and a process
for dispute resolution within an acceptable time period.
Implementation
Schedule The RPF contains an implementation schedule that outlines the time frame for planning,
implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of the RAPs for sub-projects, if
applicable.
Land Land refers to all types of agricultural and/or non-agricultural land and any structures
thereon whether temporary or permanent and which may be acquired by the project.
Land
Acquisition
Land acquisition means the possession of or alienation of land, buildings, or other assets
thereon for purposes of the project.
Project
Affected
Persons (PAPs)
or Displaced
Persons (DPs)
Project affected persons (PAPs) or Displaced Persons (DPs) are persons affected by land and
other assets loss as a result of EASP activities. These person(s) are affected because they
may lose, be denied, or be restricted access to economic assets; lose shelter, income sources,
or means of livelihood. These persons are affected whether or not they will move to another
location. Most often, the term DPs applies to those who are physically relocated. These
people may have their: standard of living adversely affected, whether or not the Displaced
Person will move to another location ; lose right, title, interest in any houses, land (including
premises, agricultural and grazing land) or any other fixed or movable assets acquired or
possessed, lose access to productive assets or any means of livelihood.
Project Impacts
Impacts on the people living and working in the affected areas of the project, including
the surrounding and host communities are assessed as part of the overall evaluation of
the project.
Project
Implementing
Unit (PIU)
Some projects make use of project implementing units (PIUs), which are generally
separate units within the project recipient‟s agency. The PIU is often composed of full
time staff devoted to implementing the project, and have been encouraged to have
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separate teams with environment and social specialists who can carry out the activities,
for example, as outlined in the RPF or RAP.
Rehabilitation
Assistance
Rehabilitation assistance is the provision of development assistance in addition to
compensation such as livelihood support, credit facilities, training, or job opportunities,
needed to assist PAPs or DPs restore their livelihoods.
Replacement
Cost
Replacement cost refers to the amount sufficient to cover full recovery of lost assets and
related transaction costs. The cost should be based on Market rate (commercial rate)
according to Ethiopian laws for sale of land or property. It is normally calculated based on a
willing buyer-willing seller basis, but also applies in Ethiopia to acceptable market valuation
or from an assessment from the Land Commission and government valuer.
Resettlement
Action Plan
(RAP)
The RAP is a resettlement instrument (document) to be prepared when sub-project locations
are identified. In such cases, land acquisition leads to physical displacement of persons,
and/or loss of shelter, and /or loss of livelihoods and/or loss, denial or restriction of access to
economic resources. RAPs are prepared by the implementing agency and contain specific
and legal binding requirements to resettle and compensate the affected people before project
implementation.
Resettlement
Assistance
Resettlement assistance refers to activities that are usually provided during, and immediately
after, relocation, such as moving allowances, residential housing, or rentals or other
assistance to make the transition smoother for affected households.
Resettlement
Policy
Framework
(RPF)
The RPF is an instrument to be used throughout the project‟s implementation. The RPF sets
out the objectives and principles, organizational arrangements, and funding mechanisms for
any resettlement, that may be necessary during implementation. The RPF guides the
preparation of Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs), as needed, for sub-projects.
Rights and
Entitlements Rights and entitlements are defined for PAPs and DPs (with the cut-off date) and cover
those losing businesses, jobs, and income. These include options for land-for-land or
cash compensation. Options regarding community and individual resettlement, and
provisions and entitlements to be provided for each affected community or household
will be determined and explained, usually in an entitlement matrix.
Witness NGO
or Independent
Monitor
Some RPFs refer to a witness NGO or an independent monitor that can be contracted to
observe the compensation process and provide an independent assessment of the quality
of the process. These are usually NGOs or other agencies that are not directly involved
in the project and have a reputation for independence and integrity.
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ANNEX 6: Relevant Laws Property Rights and Land Rights Law/Regulation
Ownership of land is now vested in the State and Ethiopian citizens have only a use right
(usufruct) over the land. This gives the user ownership of his/her possessions with the right to
benefit from the fruits of his/her labor. This includes crops, perennial crops, trees for timber etc
found on the land or any other permanent fixtures such as residential houses, business
installations, stores and fences, amongst others. This overturned the 1960 Constitutional degree
of private ownership of land.
Public Ownership of Rural Land
(No 31/1975)
In 1975 Ethiopia nationalised urban land and extra houses (Proc. No. 47/1975). Residents have
usage rights, urban centers must take inventory of land and plan sustainable land use. Urban
residents get one plot of land for personal housing.
Proclamation No. 47/1975
A) All urban lands shall be property of the Government. B) Tenant shall be free from payment
to the landowner. C) Any person or family own only a single dwelling.
Proclamation No. 47/1975,
Article 2(3), Article 6(1) and
Article 11(1)
According to these proclamations, land holders have open-ended usufruct rights over their
possessions (ie there is no time limit on this usufruct), subject to a proof of permanent physical
residence, ability to farm continuously and should meet administrative dues and obligations. In
rural villages, farm households have a legal right to possess land through state mandated peasant
associations.
Constitution of
Ethiopia (No 1/1987, Article
13(2) and No 1/1995, Article
40(3))
Proclamation N° 89/1997 establishes the principles of rural land administration, which is
devolved to the Regions
states that each Regional Council shall enact a law on land administration, which is in
conformity with the provisions on environmental protection and federal utilization
polices.
Proclamation N° 89/1997
"Federal Rural Land
Administration Proclamation"
Proclamation N° 89/1997 recognizes the lawfulness of "holding rights" over land; Proclamation N° 89/1997
"Federal Rural Land
Administration Proclamation"
Proclamation N° 89/1997 confirms and details the Constitution principle that holding rights on
land can be assigned to peasants and nomads, and that these are to be secured from eviction and
displacement;
Proclamation N° 89/1997
"Federal Rural Land
Administration Proclamation"
It provides various details with respect to redistribution of land, including that this redistribution
is a Region responsibility
It establishes the possibility for Regions to perceive fees for the use of land and forest.
Proclamation N° 89/1997
"Federal Rural Land
Administration Proclamation"
The leasehold policy (Proc No. 80/1993) allows individuals and companies to attain access to
land through auction, allocation, or lottery.
Proclamation No. 80/1993
Article 26 of the Constitution states that "Everyone shall have the right to his privacy and
physical integrity. This right shall include protection from searches of his person, his home, his
property and protection from seizure of property under his possession."
Constitution Article 26
The 1995 Constitution of the Ethiopia, Article 40(2), 40(4), 40(5) and 40(8) includes legal
frameworks that protect the Ethiopian citizen‟s rights to private property and set conditions for
expropriation of such property for state or public interests.
Constitution Article 40(2)
Constitution Article 40(4)
Constitution Article 40(5)
Constitution Article 40(8)
Article 40(3) vests the right to ownership of rural and urban land, as well as of all natural;
resources, in the government and in the peoples of Ethiopia;
Constitution Article 40(3)
Article 40(3) recognizes land as a common property of the Nations, Nationalities of, and peoples
of Ethiopia and prohibits sale or any other exchange of land;
Constitution Article 40(3)
Proclamation N° 89/1997
"Federal Rural Land
Administration Proclamation"
Article 40(4) guarantees the right of farmers to obtain land without payment and the protection
against eviction from their possession; and
Constitution Article 40(4)
Article 40(5) guarantees the right of pastoralists to free land for grazing and cultivation as well
as the right not to be displaced from their own lands.
Constitution Article 40(5)
Article 40(7) states that "Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he
builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by his labour or capital.
This right shall include the right to alienate, to bequeath, and, where the right to use expires, to
remove his property, transfers his title, or claim compensation for it.
Constitution Article 40(7)
Article 41(9) sets out the State responsibilities to protect and preserve historical and cultural
legacies.
Constitution Article 41(9)
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Property Rights and Land Rights Law/Regulation
The Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage Proclamation No. 209/2000 of Ethiopia
defines cultural heritage broadly as "anything tangible or intangible which is the product of
creativity and labour of man in the pre-history and history times, that describes and witnesses to
the evolution of nature and which has a major value in its scientific, historical, cultural, artistic
and handcraft content."
Proclamation No. 209/2000
Prior approval of the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage is
required to remove from its original site of an immovable cultural heritage (Art. 21/1).
Proclamation No. 209/2000,
Article 21/1
Whenever registered, movable cultural heritage is encountered during the execution of
the project it is possible to remove such property by notifying the Authority in advance
(Art. 21/2).
Proclamation No. 209/2000,
Article 21/2
Zikre Hig Regulation No.6 2002 provides for the lease holding of urban land for a specified
period of time. It regulates the lease period for different functions, grade of land and payment of
lease. It regulates manners of expropriation of land. It regulates that land could be expropriated
for public use against payment of compensation
Zikre Hig Regulation No.
6/2002
Several Regions of Ethiopia have taken steps to develop regional land regulations. Regional Land Regulations
Land use
Administration
Proclamation, (No
456/2005 Article
17(1))
Eligibility for compensation is discussed in Article 44(2) of the 1995 Constitution and
Proclamation No 455/2005. These two legal documents give entitlement only to those who have
formal legal rights over their holdings (properties).
Constitution Article 44(2)
Proclamation No 455/2005
Proclamation No 455/2005, Article 2 (3) stipulates that “Landholder” means an individual,
government or private organization or any …other …organ which has legal personality and has
lawful possession over the land to be expropriated and owns property situated thereon.”
Proclamation No 455/2005
Rural Land Administration and Land use Administration Proclamation (No. 456/2005
Article 17(1) gives regional states the power to enact regional laws for rural land
administrations. The regional laws are to be consistent with the Federal Constitution (No.
1/1995, Article 52(2) (d))
Proclamation No. 456/2005
Several regional states (including Amhara and Tigray) are now building on the constitutional
provisions to improve security of tenure, albeit within the general framework of State ownership
of land. Leases are being introduced, that would guarantee lessees a long-term right of usage.
Where leases are concluded between a regional administration and peasant farmers, it does not
seem that these leases are reflected in any cadastral documentation (including maps) kept at
woreda or region level.
Land Tenure
“Non-owners like renters and business are eligible for relocation and other assistance in finding
a new location, compensation at replacement value for any immovable assets, compensation for
loss of income during transition, assistance for physical transfer and follow-up services.”
Uncited
“People without titles or use right (e.g. squatters, encroachers) will be for specific assistance.
They typically claim use rights or even ownership after occupation of unused or unprotected
lands. They are likely to have invested in structures or land improvements that are eligible for
compensation.”
Uncited
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ANNEX 7: List of 28 State Owned Entreprises designated for Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
Sl. No Fully Audited Enterprises
A CHEMICALS
Awash Melkassa Aluminum Sulfate & Sulfuric Acid
Adami Tulu Pesticide Processing Sh. Co.
Caustic Soda Sh. Co.
B MINING & MINERALS
Adola Gold Development Enterprise
Ethiopia Mineral Development Sh. Co.
C TEXTILES
Awassa Textile Sh. Co
Bahir Dar Textile Sh. Co
Combolcha Textile Sh. Co
Arbaminch Textile Sh. Co
Sl. No Partially Audited Enterprises
A AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Equipment & Technical Service Sh. Co.
Abobo Agricultural Deve‟t Enterprise
Coffee Processing and Warehouse Enterprise
Bale Agricultural Dev`t Ent
Agricultural Input Supply Enterprise
Coffee Plantation and Dev‟t Enterprise
Arsi Agricultural Dev‟t Enterprise
Awassa Agricultural Dev‟t Enterprise
Ethiopian Fruits and Vegetables Marketing Sh.Co.
Middle-Awash Agricultural Dev‟t Enterprise
Semen-Omo Agricultural Dev‟t Enterprise
Fish Production & Marketing Ent.
Natural Gum Production & Marketing Ent.
Upper Awash Agro- Industry Enterprise
B BEVERAGE
Assela Malt Factory
Bedele Brewery Sh. Co.
Harrar Brewery Sh.Co.
C CONSTRUCTION
Tabor Ceramics Sh. Co.
D FOOD
Hamaressa Edible Oil Sh. Co.
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ANNEX 8: List of Stakeholders Involved in the RPF Consultation Process
PPESA
Name Title Phone number Email
Ato Beyene G/Meskel Director General, Privatization and Public enterprises Supervisory Authority
Ato Milkias T/Giorgis Private Sector Capacity Building Program
Abobo - Farm 1
Ato Tekabe Abebe Deputy farm manager
Ato Andualem Tiruneh Farm administrator
Abobo - Ginnery
Ato Tesfaye Setegn Factory manager +251475511496 (Off)
+251913506541 (Mob)
No
Agricultural Equipment and Technical Services
Ato Tadele Yilma Human Resource Manager 011-4-42 23 52
0911-86 96 95
Ato Gezahegn G.hiwot General Service Head 011-4-42 36 08 Not Available
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0911-08 88 43
Gislaw Tulu Planning Head 011-4-42 36 06
0912-10 06 20
Ato Shiferaw T.tsadik Health Officer 011-4-42 24 20
0911-43 21 81
Not Available
Ato Asfere Kemal Component Maintenance Section Head 0911-54 13 11 Not Available
Ato Derese 0911-77 06 43
Ato Adamu Taferew Main Store Keeper at Chemical Store 011-4-42 60 02
0912-08 81 52
Not Available
Ato Asrat Girma Technical Training Division Head at
Training Center
011-4-40 05 96
Agricultural Input Supply Enterprise
W/ro Getenesh Ashenafi General manager(GM) of the enterprise +251114425623/+251911219446
Arsi Agricultural Devt. Enterprise – Arbagugu Coffee Plantation
Hayelom Sebhatu Farm manager +251912221093 Not available
Jemal Gandabe Agricultural section Head -
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Arsi Agricultural Devt. Enterprise – Geredella Farm
Tesfaye Yesuneh Administration secretary +251913070581 Not available
Arsi Agricultural Devt. Enterprise – Goffer
Hussein Abdu Agronomy and plant protection Division Head +251911084056 Not available
Arsi Agricultural Devt. Enterprise – Lole Farm
Tesfaye Nigussie Farm Manager +251911840639 Not available
Mengesha Moges Field supervisor +251910
Billito Siraro Farm of the Hawassa Agricultural Development Enterprise
Yohannes Zegeye Farm Manager 0461190625/0911909264
Zerihun Tegegne Agronomist 0916834887
Mengesha Massebo Farm section Head 0916863179
Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise – Heraro Farm
Ato Shimelese Kifelew Farm Manager 022-1190592
0911-568419
Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise – Hunte Farm
Ato Kidane Girmay Farm Manager 022-11-90-588
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0911-568415
Ato Habtamu Asfaw Human Resource Manager 022-11-90-590
0913-009438
Ato W/Senbet Milki Production Manager 0912-265181
Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise – Robe Farm
Ato Gizaw Jagema Farm Manager 0911-568421
022-1190597
Ato Taye Regasa Administrator 0911-043476
022-11-91-260
Sure Tuya Peasant, Ashuta PA inhabitant Not available
Tola Ejersa Peasant, Shalo PA inhabitant Not available
Bale Agricultural Development Enterprise – Sinana Farm
Ato Abebe Tufa Farm Manager 022-11-90-745
0911-568417
Ato Alemayehou Dengete Deputy Head of the Clinic (Health Assistant) 0913-499839
Ato Negash Beresa School Director 0912-818074
Asela Malt Factory
Daniel Melese Administration and HRD Department +251911840520
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Manager
Kiros Abrha General Manager +251911253731
Bedele Brewery
Sirata Guluma Vice director of the company 0474450499 (Off)
0917550438 (Mob)
Harar Brewery
Tekeba Yeshitla Marketing and sales Manager +251911501256
Adami Tulu Pesticide Processing Sh. Co
Ato Lemma Bogale Administration Manager and Acting Dept.
GM
046 441 9169
0916 58 00 04
Ato Simeneh Altaye Manager, Production and Technique 046 441 9167
0916 58 00 06
Ato Demis Yehualaeshet Civil Works Coordinator 046 441 92 87
0916 82 14 39
Not available
Ato Seife Negash General Services, Dept. Head 0920 01 04 10 Not available
Awash Melkassa Aluminum Sulphate and sulpharic Acid Sh. Co
Mamo H/kirstos General Manager +251911207313
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Chane Alelign Industrial safety and environment control
process owner
+251911253810
Caustic Soda Share Company
Ato Moges Abate Acting GM 046 441 2521
0911 38 24 50
Ato Amsalu Amenu HR and Admin Manager 046 441 3377
0913 23 04 93
Not Available
Ato Mitiku Ayana Guard Head 046 441 2421/43 Not Available
Ato Gemechu Kedir Guard Not Available Not Available
Coffee Plantations – Bebeka – Farm 1
Ato Abebe Aleme Farm manager +251471129946 (Off)
+251913533030 (Mob)
Ato Gorfu Melka Personnel head of the Enterprise +251917268106
Coffee Plantations – Bebeka – Farm 2
Ato Temesgen Demise Deputy manager of the farm +251910299700 (Mob)
Ato Tesfaye Antuan Farm planning service leader No
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Coffee Plantations – Bebeka – Farm 3
Ato Dawit Tsegaye Deputy, manager of Bebeka Coffee Plantation
Enterprise
+251913850771
Ato Gorfu Melka Personnel head of the Enterprise +251917268106
Ato Regassa Dame Farm Three manager +251920606259
Coffee Plantations – Bebeka – Farm 4
Ato Tsegaye Telila Deputy farm manager and agronomist +251913396442 (Mob)
Ato Kassa Aniley Farm unit 2 deputy manager +251913680138 (Mob)
Coffee Plantations – Limmu – Gojeb Farm
Ato Zerihun Hailu Farm manager +251917808001 (mob)
+2510471129869 (off)
Ato Dereje Mamo Farm administrator +251910373195 (mob)
+2510471129869 (off)
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Coffee Plantations – Limmu – Gomma 1
Ato Fenta Bekele Farm program and plan head +251910826054 No
Ato Mulualem Abera Farm administrator +25197127652 No
Ato Yohannis Etefa Limu Coffee Plantation Enterprise production
and operation manager
+251917550211 [email protected]
Coffee Plantations – Limmu – Gomma 2
Ato Tesfaye Weldeyes Farm manager +251917832733 (mob),
+251471129237 (off)
No
Ato Ashebir Mose Farm administrator +251913207892 (mob)
+251471129150 (off)
No
Ato Yohannis Etefa Limu Coffee Plantation Enterprise production
and operation manager
+251917550211 [email protected]
Coffee Plantations – Limmu – Gummer Farm
Ato Getahun Kumilachew Farm Manager +251917805342 (Mob)
+251471129867 (Off)
No
Ato Sisay Zeleke Farm Administrator +25197823942 (Mob)
+251471129865 (Off)
No
Ato Mesele Asfaw Gen. Manager of Limmu Coffee Plantation +251471114517 (off) Messele-asfaw
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Enterprise +251917550542 (mob) @yahoo.com
Coffee Plantations – Limmu – Kossa Farm
Ato Girma Mekonnen Farm manager +251471129857 (off)
+251917833015 (mob)
No
Ato Mesele Asfaw General manager of Limmu Coffee Plantation
Enterprise
+251471114517 (off)
+251917550542 (mob
Messele-asfaw
@yahoo.com
Coffee Plantations – Limmu – Suntu Farm
Ato Takele Mitiku Farm Manager +251471129856 (off)
+251917828955 (mob)
No
Ato Messele Asfaw General Manager, Limmu Coffee Plantation
Enterprise
+251471114517 (off)
+251917550542 (mob)
Messele-asfaw
@yahoo.com
Coffee Plantations – Teppi –Farm 1
Ato Legesse Sultan Shosha (farm unit 2) manager +251471129913 (Off)
+251917828459 (Mob)
No
Ato Ayele Oluma Khomi (Farm unit 1) manager +251471100106 (Off)
+251917828257 (Mob)
No
Ato Efrem Mersehazen Manager of Teppi Coffee Plantation Enterprise +251475560061 (Off)
+251917550176 (Mob)
Efrem-cpde
@yahoo.com
Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project
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Coffee Plantations – Teppi –Farm 2
Ato Efrem Mersehazen Manager of Teppi Coffee Plantation
Enterprise
+251475560061 (Off)
+251917550176 (Mob)
Ayalew Sisay Farm manager +251917827266 (Mob)
+251471129953
No
Coffee Plantations – Teppi –Farm 3
Ato Gemeda Namessa Farm manager +251471129954 (Off)
+251917828639 (Mob)
Getachew Negese Agronomist +251913440013 (Mob)
Coffee Plantations – Teppi –Farm 4
Ato Ephrem Barkessa Farm Manager +251471129952 (Off)
+251911057671 (Mob)
Getachew Negese Agronomist +251913440013 (Mob)
Coffee Plantations – Teppi –Farm 5
Abraham Mahder Farm Manager +251471129951 (Off)
Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project
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+251917827476 (Mob)
Getachew Negese Agronomist +251913440013 (Mob)
Coffee Processing & Warehouse Enterprise
Ato Getaw Yalew General manager(GM) of the enterprise +251114431860
Tabor Ceramics Sh. Co.
Solomon Tesfaye Operation Manager 0462202359/0916823411 Solotesfagee
@yahoo.com
Ethiopian Fruits & Vegetables Marketing Sh.Co.
Ato Mengistu Kebede General Manager 011-4-16 42 88
0911-22 56 38
Ato Asrat Habtamu HR & Property Dep‟t Manager 011-4-16 02 92
0911-14 14 84
Ato Chala Chaka Store Keeper at the main distribution center 011-1-11 54 82
0911-14 42 28
Not Available
W/ro Meaza Kitila Production Store Manager at the main
distribution center
0911-70 54 42 Not Available
Ato Aboye W/mariam In charge of collecting/monitoring production Not Available Not Available
Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project
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container at the main distribution center
Ato Derese Gobena Insurance Officer 0911 -77 06 43 Not available
Fish Production and Marketing Enterprise – Arbaminch
Lema Tesfaye Branch Manager 0468810223/0911356379
Fish Production and Marketing Enterprise – Head Office – Addis Ababa
Ato Kibebew Kassa General manager(GM) of the enterprise +251114400341
Fish Production and Marketing Enterprise – Zeway
Ato Adeferese Kassaye General Manager 0913 38 67 03
046 441 2425
Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project
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Fish Production and Marketing Enterprise – Bahir Dar
Engida Dasalegn Branch Manager 0913996732/0582220177
Tadesse Kebede Administration and Finance Head 0913125916
Hamaressa Edible Oil Share Company
Gezahegn Degafe Production and Technique Manager +251910793585
Adola Gold Development Enterprise
Muhidin Asfaw Production Division Head +251913447993
Ethiopia Mineral Development- Kenticha Tantalum Development Unit
Biruk H/mariam Geologist +251911705031
Ethiopia Mineral Development - The Boambawoha Ceramics Mineral Development Unit
Mesfin Nigussie Mine process coordinator +251913059861
Getu Belete Security guard +251916363811
Denbi Salli Security guard +251916523503
Natural Gum Processing and Marketing Enterprise
Fikadu Nigussie Office Manager +251912037513
Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project
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Semen Omo Agricultural Development Enterprise – Abaya Farm
Solomon Kebede General Manager O461191419/0912129789
Markos Yisebo Record Office Head 0912350922
Semen Omo Agricultural Development Enterprise – Arbaminch
Dessalegne Benti Manager O468813070/0911843032
Semen Omo Agricultural Development Enterprise – Frieal Farming and Processing Co.
Nebiyu Mesfin Acting Manager 0913356206/0468840607
Getachew Kayaye Administration Manager 0468840607
Semen Omo Agricultural Development Enterprise – Sille
Kifle W/Tensae Administration Head 0468840457/0910506906
Seifu Koyesha Agriculture Section Head 0916852740
Middle Awash Agricultural Development Enterprise – Ginnery
Tefera Negash Manager of the Ginnery 251-0911-718298
Middle Awash Agricultural Development Enterprise – Melka Sedi
Negusie Fite Manager of Melka Sedi Farm 251-0913011652
Middle Awash Agricultural Development Enterprise – Melka Worer
Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project
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Kokobe Elifaged Agriculture Department Head, Melka Sedi
Farm
251-0913 3649 26
Middle Awash Agricultural Development Enterprise – Head Office
Hussien Endrie Administration and Workers Affairs Head of
the Enterprise
022-456-60137
Middle Awash Agricultural Development Enterprise – Sidaha Fagie Farm
Esayas Wolde Manager of Sidaha Fagie Farm 251-092547755
Upper Awash Agro-industrial Development Enterprise - Africa Juice Tibila Share Company (formerly Tibila Farm)
Zelalem Yefru Manager, Engineering Services 251-911-362416
Shambel Argea Head, Field Control 251-912-304657
Upper Awash Agro-industrial Development Enterprise - Merti Fruits and Vegetables Processing Plant
Abiot Tesfaye Manager, MPP 251-221-122-708
Mesfin Zeriay Site Representative 251-913-282459
Upper Awash Agro-industrial Development Enterprise - Merti Jeju Farm
Yitbarek Girma Manager, Merti Jeju Farm 251-910-023926
Mesfin Zeriay Site Representative 251-913-282459
Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project
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Upper Awash Agro-industrial Development Enterprise - Nura Era Farm
Jeylan Kedir Manager, Nura Era Farm 251-911-271268
251-221-191185
Regassa Kumsa Agriculture Dept Head, Nura Eara Farm 251-913-358557
Eshetu Fentaw Assistant to the Administrator , Nura Era Farm 251-912-248690
Upper Awash Agro-industrial Development Enterprise – Head Office
Getachew Bekele Human Resource Head, UAAIE 251-221-122-688/ext. 208
Mesfin Zeriay Site Representative 251-913-282459
Arbaminch Textile Sh. Co
Sisay Solomon Manager 0911 20 18 85
0913 31 89 11
Kebede Wondimu Production and Technical Manager 0913343173
Yigezu Mekonnen Administrator 0913883094
Mohamde Haji Ibrahim Technical Service Head 0911857830
Bahir Dar Textile Sh. Co
Abay Melaku General Manager 0918340337/0582200104
Private Sector Development Capacity Building Project
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Yosef Hayile Administration Head 0918382301
Kombolcha Textile Sh.Co
Ato Ahmed Yasin Representative of General Manager 033 551 02 02
OR
033 551 02 03
Ato Shimelis Wolde-Amanuel Registrar 033 551 02 11 ext. 223
Hawassa Textile Sh. Co
Wagaye Mitiku Production and Technical Manager 0911566764