Question of the Day Mar 3
• Which of the following is a chemical property of a material?
• A. Rust
• B. Color
• C. Texture
• D. Taste
DO NOW Mar 3
• Jon Benet Ramsay Investigation Part III
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ag9DfFESgbY
Question of the Day Mar 4
• Which element has the greatest atomic mass?
• A. Carbon
• B. Lead
• C. Iron
• D. Neon
DO NOW Mar 4
• Jon Benet Ramsay Investigation IV
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QofH2gBtC6A
Question of the DAY Mar 6
• Which of the following is an organic compound?
• A. Cocaine
• B. TNT
• C. Penicillin
• D. A and B
• E. A, B, and C
DO NOW Mar 6
• Jon Benet Ramsay Investigation V
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxDMJUDgPkw
Classwork Mar 6
• Questions 1-40 Due at the end of class.
• Completed Packet DUE on Monday Mar 10
• I will NOT accept late work.
• GET YOUR WORK DONE!
Question of the DAY March 10
• The atomic mass of an element is determined by its number of
• A. Protons and electrons
• B. Electrons and neutrons
• C. Protons and valence electrons
• D. Protons and neutrons
JonBenet Ramsey Investigation
• Detective Interview
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Aly2fPK-XE
Question of the DAY March 12• Gel electrophoresis is a common analytical tool
used in forensics to analyze DNA. Which of the following is required to perform this process?
• A. DNA Polymerase
• B. RNA Polymerase
• C. Helicase
• D. Endonuclease
DO NOW March 12
• CASE STUDY: THE GREEN RIVER KILLER
• PART I
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WgUIrt1cyA
Question of the DAY March 17
• Gas chromatography separates a mixture using a
• A. stationary solid phase and moving gas phase
• B. stationary solid phase and moving liquid phase
• C. stationary liquid phase and moving gas phase
• D. moving liquid phase and a moving gas phase
THE GREEN RIVER KILLER
• PART II
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKjgoSe7QCM
• PART III
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLb0Pvow2tc
THE GREEN RIVER KILLER• PART IV
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLb0Pvow2tc
• PART V
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eHrWRoYCS7Y
Chapter 5Organic Analysis
Nature of Matter• Physical and chemical properties can be used to
classify evidence.– Identification and Comparison
• Materials (evidence) can be classified as Organic or Inorganic
• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Nature of Matter• atoms: tiny structures that determine the property
of all matter
• smallest part of an element that still has the element’s properties
What is in an Atom?• nucleus: small, dense positively
charged center of the atom– proton: subatomic particle positive electric charge– neutron: subatomic particle
neutral charge
• electron: subatomic particle with negative charge– outside of nucleus in a cloud
– very small and are about 1/2000 the mass of a proton
Elements and Compounds• element: a substance that cannot be
separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
• contain only one kind of atom
• compounds: contain atoms of more than one kind of element
• molecule: the smallest unit of a compound that keeps all the properties of that substance
Chapter 3
States of Matter
Solids
• definite shape and volume• particles vibrate, but do not
change position• two categories:
– crystalline: have an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules like iron, diamonds, and ice
– amorphous: no organized pattern like wax and rubber
Liquids• have definite volume
• no definite shape
• particles slide past each other– move faster than that of solid
Gases• no definite shape or volume
• take the shape and volume of their container
• particles of gas move rapidly– have most kinetic energy
Plasma
• starts as a gas and then becomes ionized
• no definite shape or volume• particles have broken apart• 99% of known matter in universe
is plasma• lightning, fire, aurora borealis,
fluorescent light
Properties of Matter• physical properties: color, shape,
mass, volume• Density = mass/volume
– measured in g/cm3
• boiling point: liquid becomes a gas
• melting point: solid becomes a liquid
• Properties of substance remain the same.
Chemical Properties
• Change into a new substance• New properties
• reactivity: combining chemically with another substance
• flammability: reaction in the presence of oxygen – burns when exposed to a flame
The Periodic Table of Elements
• groups similar elements together
• periodic law: states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements
The Periodic Table• periods: horizontal rows of the
periodic table– number of protons and
electrons increases by one as you move across a period
– an electron energy level fills as you move across the period
• group: a vertical column of elements in the periodic table– have similar properties– have the same number of
valence electrons
Element Information• atomic number: number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
• mass number: the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom– an element always has the same number of protons, but can
have different numbers of neutrons
6
CCarbon12.0107
Atomic Symbol
Atomic number
Element name
Average atomic mass
Isotopes• an atom of an element with different number of neutrons• three isotopes of hydrogen
– one with no neutrons, one with 1 neutron, and one with 2 neutrons
– all have 1 proton
Families of Elements• elements are classified into three groups
– metals: an element that is shiny and conducts heat and electricity well
– nonmetals: an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly
– semiconductor (metalloid): an element or compound that conducts electric current better than a nonmetal, but not as well as a metal does
QUESTION of the DAY March 18
• Which process would be used to analyze a heat sensitive substance?
• A. Gas Chromatography
• B. High Performance Liquid Chromatography
• C. Gel Electrophoresis
• D. Thin-Layer Chromatography
Motivation versus Inspiration
• Do these two words mean the same thing to you?
Cell Phone Policy March 13
• Effective Immediately
• Any Cell Phone I see in class will be taken.
• This is a District Wide School Policy.
THE GREEN RIVER KILLER
• PART II
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NKjgoSe7QCM
• PART III
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLb0Pvow2tc
Chromatography• Analytical technique for separating organic
mixtures into their components.
– Multicomponent specimens such as drugs
Henry’s LAW – when a volatile chemical compound is dissolved in a liquid and is brought to equilibrium with air, there is a fixed ratio between concentration of volatile compound in air and in liquid.
Ratio remains constant for a given temperature
Gas Chromatography
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Xaa9WdXVTM
• Separates mixtures on the basis of their distribution between a stationary liquid phase and a moving gas phase.
GC Process• 1. Carrier gas fed into a steel or glass column
– INERT gas used such as Nitrogen or Helium
• 2. Sample liquid injected and heated• 3.Sample is vaporized in gas• 4. Particles that remain in gas phase will move through
column faster.– Column contains thin layer of liquid
• 5. Components enter a detector where results are recorded.
• 6. Chromatograph produced in a series of peaks• FIGURE 5-5 Page 126
Gas chromatograph of drugs
Gel Electrophoresis - Separating DNA
• Endonucleases (restriction enzymes) cut DNA• DNA fragments placed at one end of a porous gel.• Electric voltage applied to the gel.• Negatively charged DNA molecules move to opposite
end of gel.• Smaller fragments move faster and farther• Compares the sequencing of a DNA sample to known
sequences of different individuals• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mN5IvS96wNk
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3i-DxJ3oJzE
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS DNA FINGERPRINTING
• http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=forensics+gel+electrophoresis+animation&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=forensics+gel+electrophoresis+animation&sc=0-29&sp=-1&sk=#view=detail&mid=9A0179759F70DF5876219A0179759F70DF587621
DNA Fingerprinting
• Which suspect’s DNA matches the evidence found at the crime scene?
Light Waves• Wavelength – distance between adjacent crests
• Frequency – number of waves that pass a given point per second
Spectrophotometry
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbCZbP6_j48
• Analysis and characterization of different chemical substances by the type and quantity of light they absorb.
Mass Spectrophotometry