QUIETLY…..
What is the difference between a “Major” appliance & a “Small” appliance?
Write down your thoughts & we shall find out the answers shortly!
Food SafetySeguridad Alimentaria
TL008
Know your EquipmentConozca su
equipo
Objectives - objetivo
Explain how to use and care for major kitchen appliances.
Use portable appliances in the foods lab.
Identify various types of kitchen utensils and explain their uses.
Explicar cómo usar y cuidar de las principales aplicaciones de la cocina.
Utilizar aparatos portátiles en el laboratorio de alimentos.
Identificar los distintos tipos de utensilios de cocina y explicar sus usos.
Major Appliances
Major appliances are the most costly kitchen tools
They are used for storage, cooking, and cleanup
Electrodomésticos son las herramientas de cocina más costosos
Se utilizan para el almacenamiento, la cocina y la limpieza
© Joellen L Armstrong/Shutterstock
The Refrigerator - el Frigorífico Keeps food cold to retard food
spoilage
Temperature inside should be 35°F to 40°F
Do not open door unnecessarily
Try not to overcrowd
Mantiene la comida fría para retardar la descomposición de los alimentos
En el interior de la temperatura debe ser de 35 ° F a 40 ° F
No abra la puerta innecesariamente
Trate de no saturar
© Filipe B. Varela/Shutterstock
The Range - el Range
Basic meal preparation appliance Most have four surface units, an oven, and a
broiler Comida básica de preparación aparato La mayoría cuenta con cuatro unidades de
superficie, un horno y una parrilla
© Jami Garrison/Shutterstock
The Microwave Oven - El horno de microondas
Microwave ovens cook using microwaves, or high-frequency energy waves
Hornos microondas cocinar con microondas y ondas de energía de alta frecuencia
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The Microwave Oven - El horno de microondas
Microwaves create heat by causing food molecules to vibrate rapidly and creates friction – Microondas haciendo que las moléculas de alimentos a vibrar rápidamente para crear calor y friccionesSaves time & energy - Ahorra tiempo y energía
Use and care Uso y cuidadoFollow mfg.’s cooking guidelines -Siga MFG. De directrices de cocinaDo not turn on an empty microwave oven - No encienda un horno microondas vacíoAvoid metal utensils; use microwave-safe paper, glass, and plastic - Evite utensilios de metal; utilizar para microondas de papel, vidrio y plásticoKeep interior clean - Mantenga limpio el interior
The Cleanup Appliances - Los aparatos de limpieza
Aid in making cleanup quick and easy Ayuda en hacer una limpieza rápida y fácil
Dishwashers - lavavajillas Food waste disposers - Los trituradores
de desperdicios de comida Trash compactors - compactadores de
basura
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Think Further - Piense más
Ask your parents what factors they considered when buying appliances for your home.
Pídeles a tus padres Qué factores consideran al comprar electrodomésticos para su hogar.
© Photoroller/Shutterstock
Kitchen Utensils - Utensilios de cocina
A kitchen utensil is a handheld kitchen tool used for.. Un utensilio de cocina es un utensilio de cocina de
mano utilizada para.. Measuring - medición Cutting - corte Mixing - mezclando Cooking - cocina Baking - cocción
Read and follow instructions - Lea y siga las instrucciones
Measuring Utensils - Utensilios de medición
Measuring utensils help you correctly measure recipe ingredients
Ayuda de utensilios de medición correctamente medir ingredientes de la receta
Dry measuring cups measure dry ingredients, shortening, and chopped foods
Tazas medidoras secos medir ingredientes secos, manteca y los alimentos picados
Liquid measuring cups measure ingredients such as water, milk, oil, and syrup
Tazas medidoras líquidos medir ingredientes tales como agua, leche, aceite y jarabe
Measuring spoons measure small amounts of liquid, dry, and solid ingredients
Cucharas de medir medir pequeñas cantidades de ingredientes líquidos, secos y sólidos
Cutting Utensils - Utensilios de corte
Cutting utensils are used to peel, pare, chop, slice, shred, carve, and debone foods
Utensilios de corte se utilizan para pelar, pare, picar, rebanar, desmenuzar, tallar y deshuesar los alimentos
© viviamo/Shutterstock
Cutting Utensils Many types of knives - Muchos tipos de cuchillos
French or chef’s knife - El francés o el cuchillo del cocinero
Paring knife - cuchillo de cocina
Utility knife - cuchillo de uso
Carving knife - trinchante
Serrated knife - cuchillo de sierra
Other cutting utensils -
Cutting boards - tablas de cortar
Kitchen shears - tijeras de cocina
Peeler - policía
Shredder-grater - Shredder-rallador
Otros utensilios de corte
Mixing Utensils - Mezcla Utensilios
Used for mixing, combining, stirring, beating, blending, and whipping
Se utiliza para mezclar, combinar, revolviendo, batiendo, mezcla, y azotes
Mixing bowls
Mixing spoons
Rubber scrapers
Rotary beaters
Whisks
tazones
Mezclar las cucharas
rasquetas de caucho
batidores de Rotary
Batidores
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Cookware and Bakeware – Batería de cocina
Cookware is used to cook on top of the range
Utensilios de cocina se utiliza para cocinar en la parte superior de la gama
Saucepans - cacerolas
Double boiler - doble caldera
Skillets - Sartenes
Griddles - Planchas
Kettles - Hervidores
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Bake ware is used for baking foods in the oven
Vajilla hornee se utiliza para la cocción de los alimentos en el horno Cookie sheets - bandejas para
hornear Roasting pans - bandejas para asar Casseroles - Cacerolas Cooling racks - bastidores de
refrigeración
Safety and SanitationSeguridad y Saneamiento
Objectives - objetivo
◊ Follow safety practices in the kitchen when preparing foods.
◊ Siga las prácticas de seguridad en la cocina al preparar los alimentos.
◊ List specific guidelines that fall under the steps clean, separate, cook, and chill for keeping foods safe to eat.
◊ Directrices específicas de la lista que caen bajo los pasos limpiar, separan, cocinar y enfriar para mantener los alimentos seguros comer.
Make It Safe - Que sea seguro Sanitation is the process of maintaining a clean and healthful
environment
El saneamiento es el proceso de mantener un ambiente limpio y saludable
Following sanitary food preparation measures assures that food is safe to eat
Siguiendo las medidas de preparación sanitaria alimentaria asegura que es seguro comer alimentos
Following safety practices will help prevent accidents in the kitchen
Siguiendo las prácticas de seguridad ayudará a evitar accidentes en la cocina
Following sanitary food preparation measures assures that food is safe to eat
Siguiendo las medidas de preparación sanitaria alimentaria asegura que es seguro comer alimentos
Following safety practices will help prevent accidents in the kitchen
Siguiendo las prácticas de seguridad ayudará a evitar accidentes en la cocina
Using Appliances and Utensils SafelyUsando aparatos y utensilios con
seguridad Many accidents are caused by the misuse
of equipment Muchos accidentes son causados por el mal uso? De equipo
Follow all manufacturer’s use and care instructions carefully Siga uso y cuidado todas las instrucciones del fabricante
cuidadosamente
Know how to use utensils, cookware, and bakeware correctly Saber utilizar los utensilios, utensilios de cocina y los
utensilios para hornear correctamente
Practice safety procedures Procedimientos de seguridad Práctica
Keep It Sanitary - Manténgalo Sanitaria
Foodborne Illnesses are sicknesses caused by eating contaminated food
Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos son enfermedades causadas por el consumo de alimentos contaminados
Special precautions are needed for Es necesario tomar precauciones especiales para
pregnant women - mujeres embarazadas
young children - niños pequeños
older adults - los adultos mayors
people with weakened immune systems - las personas con sistemas inmunes debilitados
If you suspect any food is spoiled, do not taste it and throw it away immediately
Si sospecha de que cualquier alimento estropeado, no pruebo y tirarlo inmediatamente
Food safety involves four basic steps Seguridad alimentaria implica cuatro pasos
básicos Clean - limpio Separate - separado Cook - cocinero Chill - escalofrío
Clean Hands, Utensils, and SurfacesLimpiar las manos, utensilios y las superficies Keep utensils and work area clean
Guardar utensilios y área de trabajo limpia
Wash hands before handling food and after handling raw meats, poultry, fish, or eggs
Lávese las manos antes de manipular alimentos y después de manipular carne cruda, aves de corral, pescado o huevos
© Matthew Benoit/Shutterstock
Clean fingernails - uñas limpias
Keep hair back and out of food - Mantenga el cabello hacia atrás y sin comida
Wear a clean apron - Use un delantal limpio
Wear plastic gloves if you have an open sore on your hand - Use guantes de plástico si tiene una herida abierta en la mano
Clean Hands, Utensils, and SurfacesLimpiar las manos, utensilios y las superficies
Don’t touch food with your hands if you can avoid it No tocar la comida con las manos si se puede evitar
Do not lick fingers or cooking utensils No lamer los dedos o utensilios de cocina
Wash dishes with hot soapy water Lave los platos con agua caliente y jabón
Replace cutting boards when they become hard to clean; wash and sanitize after each use
Reemplace las tablas de cortar cuando se vuelven difíciles de limpiar; lavar y desinfectar después de cada uso
Keep counters clean Mantenga limpios los mostradores
Wash tops of cans before opening them Lávese las tapas de las latas antes de abrirlas
Wash fruits and vegetables under running water Lave las frutas y verduras con agua corriente
Do not use a used hand towel to dry dishes No use una toalla de mano para secar platos
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Separate Raw and Cooked FoodsSeparar los alimentos crudos y cocidos
Keep raw foods separate from other foods because they may contain disease-causing bacteria
Separar los alimentos crudos de otros alimentos porque pueden contener bacterias que causan enfermedades
Cross-contamination is the spread of bacteria from a contaminated food to other food, equipment, or surfaces
La contaminación cruzada es la diseminación de bacterias de un alimento contaminado a otros alimentos, equipos o superficies
Separate Raw and Cooked FoodsSeparar los alimentos crudos y cocidos
Handle perishable protein foods with care
Manejar los alimentos perecederos de la proteína con cuidado
Place them in individual plastic bags at the grocery store
Colocarlos en bolsas de plástico individuales en la tienda de comestibles
Wash cutting boards and other equipment immediately after using
Lave las tablas de cortar y otros equipos inmediatamente después de usarlo
Never serve food on the same plate that held it before cooking
Nunca servir comida en el mismo plato que llevó a cabo antes de cocinar
Cook Foods ThoroughlyCocine bien los alimentos
Use a food thermometer to ensure foods are cooked to the recommended temperatures
Use un termómetro para alimentos para asegurar que los alimentos son cocinados a las temperaturas recomendadas
Do not partially cook meats, poultry, or fish No cocine parcialmente carnes, aves o pescado
Stuff meats, poultry, and fish just before baking and remove stuffing promptly after baking
Peces, aves y carnes cosas justo antes de hornear y quitar relleno con prontitud después de hornear
Cook Foods ThoroughlyCocine bien los alimentos
Never set the oven lower than 325°F when cooking meats
Nunca programar el horno inferior a 325° F cuando cocine carnes
Keep hot foods above 140°F Mantener los alimentos calientes por encima de
140° F
Reheat leftovers to at least 165°F Recalentar sobras a por lo menos 165° F
Chill Foods PromptlyChill alimentos rápidamente
Refrigerator temperatures slow the growth of harmful bacteria
Las temperaturas del refrigerador lento el crecimiento de bacterias dañinas
Keep perishable foods chilled until you are ready to prepare or eat them
Mantener los alimentos perecederos refrigerados hasta que estés listo para preparar o comer
Chill leftover foods as soon as you are done eating Enfriar los alimentos sobrantes en cuanto termines
comiendo
Chill Foods PromptlyChill alimentos rápidamente
Select frozen and refrigerated foods last Seleccione alimentos congelados y refrigerados últimos
Get foods home as soon as possible Obtener alimentos a casa tan pronto como sea posible
Promptly store foods needing refrigeration Almacenar rápidamente los alimentos que necesitan
refrigeración
Wrap foods properly for storage Envuelva los alimentos correctamente para el
almacenamiento
Use thermometers to monitor storage temperatures Use termómetros para controlar las temperaturas de
almacenamiento
Keep freezer at 0°F or lower Mantenga el congelador a 0 ° F o menos
Keep refrigerator at 40°F or lower Mantenga el refrigerador a 40 ° F o menos
Thaw perishable foods overnight in the refrigerator or in the microwave just before cooking
Descongele los alimentos perecederos durante la noche en el refrigerador o en el microondas justo antes de cocinar
Marinate meat, poultry, and fish in the refrigerator Marinar la carne, aves y pescado en el refrigerador
Never leave perishable foods out over two hours Nunca deje los alimentos perecederos fuera más
de dos horas
Put leftovers in shallow containers and refrigerate or freeze promptly
Guarde las sobras en recipientes poco profundos y refrigerar o congelar rápidamente
Keep cold foods—below 40°F Mantenga los alimentos fríos por debajo de 40 ° F
Using a RecipeUsando una Receta
Objectives - objetivo Identify the information found in a recipe and follow it
successfully.
Demonstrate proper measuring techniques for different types of ingredients.
Define cooking terms used in recipes.
Describe two categories of cooking methods.
Identificar la información encontrada en una receta y seguirlo con éxito.
Demostrar técnicas de medición adecuadas para diferentes tipos de ingredientes.
Defina los términos de cocción utilizados en las recetas.
Se describen dos categorías de métodos de cocción.
A recipe is a list of ingredients with a complete set of instructions for preparing a food product
Una receta es una lista de ingredientes con un conjunto completo de instrucciones para la preparación de un producto alimenticio
Recipe - receta
Understanding How to Use RecipesEntender cómo utilizar recetas
Ingredient list tells you what ingredients you need and the exact amounts of each
Lista de ingredientes te dice qué ingredientes necesita y las cantidades exactas de cada uno
Preparation directions tell you
how to combine the ingredients
sizes for cookware or bakeware
oven temperatures and cooking times
Yield tells how many servings it makes
Measuring Techniques
Measuring dry ingredients
Use dry measuring cups or measuring spoons
Overfill a cup or spoon and level it off with a straight-edged spatula or knife
Measuring Techniques
Measuring liquids
Use glass or clear plastic measuring cups
Measure on a flat surface
Fill to the correct measurement line; check at eye level
Use measuring spoons for small amounts
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Measuring Techniques
Measuring shortenings and other solid foods
Use dry measuring cups; use measuring spoons for small amounts
Press ingredient into the cup or spoon so no air space remains
Level it off with a straight-edged spatula or knife
Understanding Recipe Terms
baste cut inbeat dice
blend dredge
brown fold
chop knead
cream marinate
continued
Understanding Recipe Terms
mash sear
mince sift
mix slice
reconstitute stir
scald whip
Changing the Yield
Recipes can be adjusted to change yields
Measurement equivalents are amounts that are equal to other amounts
Example: 1/4 cup equals 4 tablespoons
When changing recipe yield, write down ingredient amounts to avoid confusion
Learning Cooking Methods
Knowing various cooking methods will help you create tasty, nutritious meals
© Kruchankova Maya/Shutterstock
Basic Cooking Methods
Moist heat cooking methods food is cooked in a
humid environment
© Danie Nel/Shutterstock
Basic Cooking Methods
Moist heat cooking methods boil stew braise simmer steam
Basic microwave cooking uses moist heat
Basic Cooking Methods
Dry heat cooking methods
food is cooked in hot air or on a hot surface without added moisture
© ppart/Shutterstock
Basic Cooking Methods
Dry heat cooking methods bake/roast broil deep-fry grill panbroil panfry stir-fry
General Cooking Guidelines
Conserve nutrients
Avoid overcooking food
Use as little water as possible in simmering
Use the liquid in which foods are boiled to make soups, sauces, and gravies
Microwave Cooking
Most foods cook much faster in a microwave oven than in a conventional oven
continued
© Paul Orr/Shutterstock
Microwave Cooking
Microwaves are used to defrost foods at the last minute
Pierce skins or wrappers before microwaving to prevent exploding food items
Cover foods in the microwave
Use a microwavable dish with lid or microwave-safe plastic wraps
continued
Microwave Cooking
When using microwave-safe plastic wraps
leave about 1 inch of space between plastic and food
leave a loose corner for venting
Promote even cooking by stirring, rearranging, or rotating the food
Many recipes recommend standing time to allow the food to finish cooking
Cooking Smart
Objectives
Plan a meal management time plan at home.
Demonstrate how to work as an effective team member in the foods lab.
At Home
Goal: Have all the food ready and at the right temperature at serving time
The key lies in planning and scheduling
Using a Time Plan
Write a time plan to help coordinate your cooking schedule
Establish the time you want the meal served
Count back to decide when to start each part of the meal
When serving many foods that are cooked in the oven, choose foods that have compatible oven temperatures
Making Meal Preparations
Some dishes can be prepared or assembled ahead of time
soups
salads
casseroles
Prepare several dishes at once, then freeze and reheat later
Using Computer Technologies
Microwave oven
Range
Coffeemaker
• Tiny computers called microprocessors are in appliances
Using Computer Technologies Personal computers and electronic
devices
Store recipes and menu plans
Calculate amounts of ingredients
Prepare shopping lists
Access websites
At School
When you prepare food at school, you learn
cooking
teamwork
Working with Others
Limited class time must be scheduled carefully
Plan ahead so teamwork goes more smoothly
Know what tasks you are expected to complete and when
Be cooperative and have a positive attitude
Planning the Lab
A work plan is a detailed list of all duties that need to be completed
Identify who will perform each task
List ingredients and utensils needed
Making Out the Shopping List
Determine what foods you will prepare (teacher)
Locate recipes
List all ingredients needed
Making a Time Schedule
Make a time schedule that includes all the tasks to be done
Prioritize tasks in order of importance
List tasks that require the most time first
Decide who will perform each task
Evaluating the Lab Experience
Evaluate yourself
Ask what you did well
Identify areas in which you can improve
Evaluate your group as a whole
How can you improve on weak areas?