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Henk Taale
Regional Traffic Management
Method and Tool
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Contents
• Dutch traffic and transport policy• Traffic management• Sustainable traffic management• Regional Traffic Management Explorer
– Functionality– Development– Case studies– Next steps
• Summary
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Mobility in The Netherlands
• 16.2 million inhabitants• 3.1 trip per person per
day• 32 km per person per
day• 1 hour per person per
day• 6.9 million cars
• 16 million trips per car• 250 million car km per
day• 120 congestion locations• Average length 3.2 km• Average duration 65
minutes
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Building: “very effective, expensive, long”
Pricing: “politically difficult”
Traffic Management: “effective, less expensive and quick”
Traffic and Transport Policy
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Traffic Management Long Ago
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Traffic Management 21st Century
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Traffic Management Measures
Measure Number Kilometres
Planning 2005-2009
1 Motorway Traffic Management System
997 61
2 Speed Measures (80 km/hr zones) 5 40
3 Ramp Metering 44 16
4 Overtaking prohibition trucks 2441
5 Peak lanes (using hard shoulder) 95 463
6 Buslanes, trucklanes, tidal flow lanes 38 101 4/13
7 Measures for Road Works
8 Traffic Signal Control ±150
9 Other measures
10 Incident Management (camera’s) 53 99
11 Dynamic Route Information Panels (VMS)
119 22
12 Radio Traffic Information 865 547
Control InformIncident Management
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Evaluation studies
Measure Measurements
Behaviour
Estimate
Number
Period
1 Motorway Traffic Management System
√ √ 8 1983-2000
2 Speed Measures (80 km/hr zones) √ 7 1983-2003
3 Ramp Metering √ 15 1990-2005
4 Overtaking prohibition trucks √ √ 8 1993-2003
5 Peak lanes (using hard shoulder) √ √ 6 1996-2003
6 Buslanes, trucklanes, tidal flow lanes √ √ 4 1991-1996
7 Measures for Road Works √ √ 3 2001-2004
8 Traffic Signal Control √ 9 1987-2004
9 Other measures √ √ 11 1992-2004
10 Incident Management (camera’s) √ √ √ 6 1995-2005
11 Dynamic Route Information Panels (VMS)
√ √ 15 1993-2005
12 Radio Traffic Information √ 9 2000-2005
13 Traffic Management Program √ √ 3 2001-2006
Control InformIncident Management
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Overview important impacts
Measure Effect on traffic Effect capacity
1 Motorway Traffic Management System
Flow improvements 0%- 5% 0% to 5%
2 Speed Measures (80 km/hr zones) Congestion varies from -40% to +50% –9% to +4%
3 Ramp Metering 0% to +5%
4 Overtaking prohibition trucks Different per location –4% to +4%
5 Peak lanes (using hard shoulder) Decrease travel times from 1 to 3 minutesExtra traffic from 0% to +7%
+7% to +22%
6 Bus lanes, truck lanes, tidal flow lanes
Travel time busses/trucks –14 minutesTravel time other traffic from –5 to +2 minutes
7 Measures for Road Works Less demand, sometimes to –11%Less traffic on the section with road works: to –38%
8 Traffic Signal Control Change in travel times from –33% to +10%
9 Other measures Congestion from –28% to +45%
10 Incident Management (camera’s) Congestion –7% (Utrecht)
11 Dynamic Route Information Panels (VMS)
Congestion from –7% to –30%
12 Radio Traffic Information Route changes, more change if travellers are informed individually
Control InformIncident Management
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Investment and Effects of ITS
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Next Steps
• More investments and better ITS not the fundamental solution
• From technique to result oriented approach
Technical developmentFirst measures are explored
Application
Measures are applied at multiple locations
Result
Measures are coordinated throughout the network
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Good Traffic Management is …
take decisionstake decisions
1 make a good start!
know what you want to achieveknow what you want to achieve
know what is happeningknow what is happening
come up with solutionscome up with solutions
4 formulate reference values
3 draw agreed collective policy on a map
2 know what you want to achieve together (prioritise)
6 spot conflicts
5 picture actual situation
8 formulate measures
7 formulate solution directions
9 take decisions
put decisions into practiceput decisions into practice
12 operational traffic management
11 prepare use of measures
10 implement measures
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Nine Steps
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Handbook Sustainable Traffic Management
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Applications
• Some 40 projects in progress
• From ‘just started’ to ‘completed’
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From a Traffic Control Strategy …
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… to Operational Management
“Delay here = free
flow ahead”
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Regional Traffic Management Explorer
• Sketch planning and modelling tool• Facilitate process of sustainable traffic
management (STM)• Quantify benefits of services and
measures• Simple and fast model for networks
(motorways, rural roads and urban streets)
• Compare different scenarios• National tool, independent of consultant
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Structure RTME
OmniTRANS user
interface
RTME
plug-in
Dynamic Assignment
model(MARPLE)
Input network and OD matrix
from other model
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Functionality RTME (1)
• Use of modelling input for control strategy and frame of reference
• Current situation, bottlenecks and effects of services and measures are simulated with a dynamic model
• All results are presented based on the indicators chosen in the frame of reference
• Results:– Travel time and delay per OD pair– Travel time and delay per route– Speed and flows per road section or route
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Functionality RTME (2)
• Routes can be defined• Bottlenecks are presented with respect to
the actual situation or the frame of reference
• Effects of scenario can be compared with the actual situation, frame of reference or other scenario
• Applicable in regional and urban networks• Traffic signal control• Can be applied in workshops and back-
office
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Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model
• Model for Assignment and Regional PoLicy Evaluation (MARPLE)
• Developed during PhD research on the interaction between traffic control and route choice behaviour
• Based on realistic travel time functions, also for controlled links, roundabouts and priority
• Route choice for predefined routes (deterministic and stochastic)
• Traffic flows through the network based on capacities of links and nodes (blocking-back)
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Screenshot RTME
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Case Studies for Testing
• Development RTME started in 2003• June 2004 first version ready for testing• 9 consultants: test RTME for 9 regions
– Model testing– Learning process for consultants– RTME input for 9 regions
• Version 1.0 ready end of October 2004
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Regional Networks
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Case Heerenveen-Skarsterlân
A6
A7
A7
A32
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Policy Objectives
• Accessibility– Good external accessibility of the northern and western part
of The Netherlands using the A6 and A7 motorways– Guarantee accessibility of the region Heerenveen-
Skarsterlân from the western and northern part of The Netherlands
– Guarantee accessibility from towns to the main road network
– Improve the flow in the city centres Joure and Heerenveen– Maintain and improve current quality of public transport
services wherever it is possible
• Safety– Improvement of traffic safety on all types of roads– No through traffic through residential areas
• Liveability– Improvement of the use of public transport and bicycle
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Control Strategy
Through traffic
Regional
traffic
Local traffic
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Frame of Reference
• Priority 1 relations: delay should not exceed 20% of the free flow travel time
• Priority 2 relations: delay should not exceed 30% of the free flow travel time.
• Priority 3 relations: delay should not exceed 10 minutes or 40% of the free flow travel time (if the free flow travel time > 20 minutes).
• For priority 3 or lower roads: volume should not exceed 5000 veh/24 hrs and the speed should be at least 40% of the allowed speed.
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Current Situation
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Bottlenecks
UndefinedLowMiddleHigh
A6
A7
A7
A32
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Beperken van instroom Bevorderen van in/uitstroom Herverdelen van capaciteit Maximaliseren capaciteit bottleneck
Services
Limit the inflow
Increase in/outflow
Redistribute capacity
Maximise capacity
bottleneck
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Measures
Snelheidsdeken (regionaal) Spitsstrook Aanpassen VRI’s bij aansluiting
Speed regime (regional)
Peak hour lane
Adjustment traffic signal control
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Effects
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Next Steps
• More regions initiate the STM process and using the RTME
• Also used for planning projects for Rijkswaterstaat: one corporate tool
• Extension with indicators for safety and environmental issues
• Extension for road works• Model adjustments
– Automatic calibration– Freight transport
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Summary
• Traffic management is essential part of Dutch traffic and transport policy
• Shift from technique to result oriented• Handbook ‘Sustainable Traffic
Management’ structures process to come to operational traffic management
• Regional Traffic Management Explorer is an essential tool to support this process
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Colophon
Henk TaaleRijkswaterstaatAVV Transport Research CentreE-mail: [email protected]
Pictures: Rijkswaterstaat
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