Report from ICFA Digital Divide Workshop
Daegu, Korea, May 23-27 ‘05Les Cottrell,
Presented at the Internet2 Fall members Meeting, SIG on Supporting International Collaborations in Hard to Network Parts of the
World Philadelphia, Sep 2005
www.slac.stanford.edu/grp/scs/net/talk05/i2-icfa-sep05.ppt
ICFA=International Committee on Future Accelerators
Sponsored by the Particles and Fields Commission of IUPAP
SCIC• Standing Committee on Inter-regional Connectivity
(SCIC)• Charge:
– Make recommendations to ICFA concerning the connectivity between America, Asia and Europe. As part of the process of developing these recommendations, the committee should monitor traffic, keep track of technology developments, periodically review forecasts of future bandwidth needs, and provide early warning of potential problems.
Progress in Closing the Digital Divide We Must Work to Close to Digital Divide, from Several PerspectivesWe Must Work to Close to Digital Divide, from Several Perspectives
To Allow Scientists in All World Regions to Take Part in To Allow Scientists in All World Regions to Take Part in Discoveries; to Foster Research and EducationDiscoveries; to Foster Research and Education
Removing Regional, Last Mile, Local Bottlenecks and Removing Regional, Last Mile, Local Bottlenecks and Compromises in Network Quality are Compromises in Network Quality are On the Critical PathOn the Critical Path
““Dark Fiber” and community owned/operated networks emerging as Dark Fiber” and community owned/operated networks emerging as the means to rapid progress in a growing list of nations:the means to rapid progress in a growing list of nations:
us, ca, nl, jp, kr; us, ca, nl, jp, kr; pl, cz, br, sk, cn, pt, ie, gr, …; Also GEANT2pl, cz, br, sk, cn, pt, ie, gr, …; Also GEANT2 Important ExamplesImportant Examples on the Road to Closing the Digital Divide on the Road to Closing the Digital Divide
GLORIAD (US-Russia-China-Korea) Global Optical RingGLORIAD (US-Russia-China-Korea) Global Optical Ring IEEAF “Global Quilt”; NSF: IRNC and IEEAF “Global Quilt”; NSF: IRNC and New Initiative on AfricaNew Initiative on Africa CHEPREO, WHREN and the Brazil HEPGrid in Latin AmericaCHEPREO, WHREN and the Brazil HEPGrid in Latin America Leadership & Outreach: HEP Groups in US, EU, Leadership & Outreach: HEP Groups in US, EU,
Japan, Korea Japan, Korea
GLORIAD
Network
Date:
3/1/2007
Seattle-Hong Kong, 10 Gbps(Tyco Contract)
Beijing-Khabarovsk (Russia)-Novosibirsk, 10 Gbps
Hong Kong-Beijing, 10 Gbps
Seattle-Chicago-NYC, 10 Gbps(CANARIE Contribution)
NYC-Amsterdam, 10 Gbps(Tyco Contract)
Amsterdam-Moscow, 10 Gbps
Moscow-Novosibirsk, 10 GbpsSeattle-Pusan-Hong Kong, 10 Gbps
(Tyco Contract)
Closing the Digital Divide: R&E Networks in/to Latin America
RNP2 and the GIGA Project RNP2 and the GIGA Project (ANSP)(ANSP)
AmPathAmPath: 45 Mbps Links : 45 Mbps Links to US (2002-5)to US (2002-5)
CHEPREO (NSF, from 2004):CHEPREO (NSF, from 2004): 622 Mbps Sao Paulo – Miami622 Mbps Sao Paulo – Miami
WHREN/LILA (NSF, from 2005)WHREN/LILA (NSF, from 2005)0.6 to 2.5 G Ring by 20060.6 to 2.5 G Ring by 2006Connections to Connections to
Pacific & Atlantic Wave Pacific & Atlantic WaveRedCLARA (EU):RedCLARA (EU): Connects Connects
18 Latin Am. NRENs, Cuba; 18 Latin Am. NRENs, Cuba; 622 Mbps Link to Europe622 Mbps Link to Europe
PacificWave
Sao PauloANSP
AtlanticWave
To GEANT622 Mbps
„Porta Optica – a coordinated task to Heal the Digital Divide to the East ...
CE countries – CBDF links to EE neighbours: - Poland: DF connectivity to every eastern neighbour - Scandinavia: the northern route - GRNET: activity in the Balkan region (SEEREN/ SEEFIRE) + the south route GEANT/TERENA: political & organisational support all: influencing the EE countries wrt. DF acq., importance of DF infrastructure & business models
TEIN2 Project
Partners:– China (CERNET)– Indonesia (ITB)– Malaysia (MDC)– Philippines (ASTI)– Thailand (ThaiREN)– Vietnam (MOST)
– Korea (KISDI)– Singapore (SingAREN)– Australia (AARNet)– France (RENATER)– Netherlands (SURFnet)– UK (UKERNA)
An initiative of the European Commission with the stated objective of improving connectivity in certain developing countries of the Asia Pacific region
Managed by DANTE
• Contracts Q2/3, operational Q4 2005 (to end 2007)
• Exploring collaborations with existing and planned initiatives
G. McLaughlin
G. McLaughlin
Philippines: PREGINet Network Map
No. of Partner Institutions as of March 31, 2005:
Academe = 34 Government = 33 Research = 27
TOTAL 96
2 Mbps Backbone
Africa Coverage
• Recently added monitoring station in South Africa (TENET)
• Note we now cover most (31) countries with many tertiary education centers (83% pop)
From S. Africa
Satellites vs Terrestrial• Terrestrial links via SAT3 & SEAMEW (Mediterranean)• Terrestrial not available to all within countries
ZA Connectivity• Connections are often indirect
– Costly, wastes Intl bw
Maroc Wide Area NetworkMARWAN 2
Network at 34 Mbps for Research and high education
45 Mbps
34 Mbps
2 Mbps
Rabat
Casablanca
Abdeslam Hoummada
PERN: Network Architecture
DRS DRSDRS
KarachiCore ATM/Router
IslamabadCore ATM/Router
LahoreCore ATM/Router
2x2Mbps 2x2Mbps
2x2MbpsLAN SwitchLAN Switch
AccessRouter
DXX DXXOFSOF
Node
University
University
Customer
Replica of Kr./Iba
International 2MB
DXX DXX OFS
University University
12 Universities
22 Universities
23 Universities
AccessRouter
University
International 4MB
International 2MB
DRS
OFS
50 Mbps
50 Mbps
50 Mbps
57 Mbps 65 Mbps
33 Mbps
HEC will invest $ 4M in BackboneHEC will invest $ 4M in Backbone3 To 9 Points-of-Presence (Core Nodes) 3 To 9 Points-of-Presence (Core Nodes) $ 2.4M from HEC to Public Universities for Last Mile Costs$ 2.4M from HEC to Public Universities for Last Mile CostsPossible Dark Fiber InitiativePossible Dark Fiber Initiative
Pakistan performance
• Infrastructure appears fragile• Losses to QEA & NIIT are 3-8% averaged over month
RTT
ms
Loss
%
Feb05 Jul05Fiber cut off Karachi causes 12 day outage Jun-Jul ’05, Huge losses of confidence and business
Another fiber outage, this time of 3 hours!Power cable dug up by excavators of Karachi Water & Sewage Board
• Typically once a month losses go to 20%
We Need to Work on the Digital Dividefrom Several Perspectives
Workshops and Tutorials/Training SessionsWorkshops and Tutorials/Training Sessions For Example: ICFA DD Workshops: Rio 2/04, For Example: ICFA DD Workshops: Rio 2/04, Daegu May 2005,Daegu May 2005,
HONET (Pakistan) 12/04HONET (Pakistan) 12/04 Share Information: Share Information: Monitoring,Monitoring, BW ProgressBW Progress; ;
Dark Fiber Projects & Pricing Dark Fiber Projects & Pricing Model Cases: Poland, Slovakia, Czech Rep., China, Brazil,…Model Cases: Poland, Slovakia, Czech Rep., China, Brazil,…
Encourage, and Work on Inter-Regional Projects Encourage, and Work on Inter-Regional Projects GLORIAD, Russia-China-Korea US Optical RingGLORIAD, Russia-China-Korea US Optical Ring Latin America: CHEPREO/WHREN (US-Brazil); RedCLARALatin America: CHEPREO/WHREN (US-Brazil); RedCLARA Asia Pacific: TEIN2Asia Pacific: TEIN2
Help with Modernizing the Infrastructure Help with Modernizing the Infrastructure Design, Commissioning, Development Design, Commissioning, Development Provide Tools for Effective Use: Monitoring, CollaborationProvide Tools for Effective Use: Monitoring, Collaboration
Systems; Advanced TCP Stacks, Grid System SoftwareSystems; Advanced TCP Stacks, Grid System Software Work on Policies and/or Pricing: pk, br, cn, SE Europe, in, …Work on Policies and/or Pricing: pk, br, cn, SE Europe, in, …
Encourage Access to Dark FiberEncourage Access to Dark Fiber Raise World Awareness of Problems, & Opportunities for SolutionsRaise World Awareness of Problems, & Opportunities for Solutions
Increased Engagement with Government Representatives and Increased Engagement with Government Representatives and AgenciesAgencies
ICFA SCIC Digital Divide Workshops Now a TraditionNow a Tradition
Daegu May 2005: Excellent occasion to focus on the Asia PacificDaegu May 2005: Excellent occasion to focus on the Asia Pacific A View of Progress and Remaining IssuesA View of Progress and Remaining Issues Bring target areas where progress can be made next into focusBring target areas where progress can be made next into focus
E.g. Russia, Pakistan, India, North-South Connections in the Asia PacificE.g. Russia, Pakistan, India, North-South Connections in the Asia Pacific Next MeetingNext Meeting
Choice of a Key Location: Russia, Poland, Romania have been Choice of a Key Location: Russia, Poland, Romania have been discussed; expressions of interest welcome.discussed; expressions of interest welcome.
Greater participation from government representativesGreater participation from government representatives
More Information• Meeting agenda and links to presentations
– http://agenda.cern.ch/fullAgenda.php?ida=a053424
Many systemic factors:Electricity, Import duties,Skills
M. Jensen
Bandwidth per networked computern=73
0.32
36.57
3.36
05
10152025303540
Minimum Maximum Mean
Mean Kbps per
networked computer
Users per networked computers by regionsn=66
11
171
50
63
15
55
0 50 100 150 200
Southern Africa
Central Africa
East Africa
West Africa
North Africa
Average
Regions
Average number of users per networked computer
Average Cost $ 11/kbps/Month
International & National Backbones