Respiratory DisordersRespiratory Disorders
PleurisyPleurisy
Inflammation of the Inflammation of the pleura lining of the lungspleura lining of the lungs
Usually occurs in Usually occurs in conjunction with conjunction with pneumonia and other lung pneumonia and other lung infectionsinfections
Symptoms: Symptoms: Sharp, stabbing pain Sharp, stabbing pain
when breathingwhen breathing DyspneaDyspnea FeverFever
ThoracentesisThoracentesis
Insertion of a needle through the thoracic Insertion of a needle through the thoracic cavity and into the pleural cavity to drain cavity and into the pleural cavity to drain fluidfluid
antibioticsantibiotics
PneumothoraxPneumothorax
Collapsed lung Collapsed lung Corrected by putting in a chest tube to Corrected by putting in a chest tube to
reinflate the lungreinflate the lung
Common ColdCommon Cold
Contagious viral Contagious viral respiratory infectionrespiratory infection
Indirect causes – Indirect causes – chilling, fatigue, lack chilling, fatigue, lack of proper food, and of proper food, and not enough sleepnot enough sleep
Rx – stay in bed, drink Rx – stay in bed, drink warm liquids and fruit warm liquids and fruit juice, good nutritionjuice, good nutrition
Also called an Upper Also called an Upper Respiratory Infection Respiratory Infection (URI)(URI)
BronchitisBronchitis
Inflammation of the Inflammation of the mucous membrane of mucous membrane of the trachea and the trachea and bronchial tubesbronchial tubes
Produces excessive Produces excessive mucusmucus
May be acute or chronicMay be acute or chronic COPDCOPD
BronchitisBronchitis
Acute bronchitis Acute bronchitis characterized by characterized by cough, fever, cough, fever, substernal pain substernal pain and RALES -rhonchiand RALES -rhonchi
Chronic bronchitis Chronic bronchitis – middle or old – middle or old age, cigarette age, cigarette smoking most smoking most common causecommon cause
Influenza (Flu)Influenza (Flu)
ViralViral infection causing infection causing inflammation of the inflammation of the mucus membranesmucus membranes
Symptons: Fever, Symptons: Fever, mucopurulent mucopurulent discharge, muscular discharge, muscular pain, extreme pain, extreme exhaustionexhaustion
Complications: Complications: pneumonia, neuritis, pneumonia, neuritis, otitis media and otitis media and pleurisypleurisy
Rx: treat the symptonsRx: treat the symptons
PneumoniaPneumonia
Infection of the lungInfection of the lung Can be caused by Can be caused by
bacteria or virusbacteria or virus Alveoli fill with exudate Alveoli fill with exudate
(pus like drainage)(pus like drainage) Symptons – chest pain, Symptons – chest pain,
fever, chills, and fever, chills, and dyspneadyspnea
Rx – O2 and antibiotics Rx – O2 and antibiotics if caused by bacteriaif caused by bacteria
Tuberculosis (TB)Tuberculosis (TB)
Very infectious lung Very infectious lung diseasedisease
Cause: Cause: Myobacterium Myobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis (a tubercle (a tubercle bacillus)bacillus)
May also affect kidneys, May also affect kidneys, bones, and lymphbones, and lymph
Tubercles (lesions) form Tubercles (lesions) form in the lungsin the lungs
Tuberculosis (TB) SymptomsTuberculosis (TB) Symptoms
CoughCough Low grade fever in the afternoonLow grade fever in the afternoon Weight lossWeight loss Night sweatNight sweat INH OR RIFAMPIN DRUGS-FOR ONE YEARINH OR RIFAMPIN DRUGS-FOR ONE YEAR
TuberculosisTuberculosis
Diagnosis – Mantous Test (skin test)Diagnosis – Mantous Test (skin test) If skin test positive – follow up with chest If skin test positive – follow up with chest
X-ray and sputum sampleX-ray and sputum sample RX – INH for one yearRX – INH for one year
Tuberculosis GameTuberculosis Game
Go to this website and play this Go to this website and play this computer game about tuberculosis:computer game about tuberculosis:
nobelprize.org/educational_games/nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/tuberculosis/medicine/tuberculosis/
DiptheriaDiptheria Rare infectious diseaseRare infectious disease Cause – Cause – Corynebacterium Corynebacterium
diphtheriadiphtheria Prevented by a childhood Prevented by a childhood
vaccinevaccine Spread by nasal dropletsSpread by nasal droplets The bacteria release a toxin, The bacteria release a toxin,
which can produce nerve which can produce nerve paralysis and heart failureparalysis and heart failure
The infection causes a severe The infection causes a severe sore throat with swollen sore throat with swollen glands. glands.
The patient is infectious for up The patient is infectious for up to 2 weeks and about 1 in 15 to 2 weeks and about 1 in 15 patients will die.patients will die.
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Caused by the Caused by the Bordetella Bordetella bacteriumbacterium
Symptoms: Severe Symptoms: Severe coughing attacks that coughing attacks that end in a “whooping” end in a “whooping” sound and dyspneasound and dyspnea
Childhood vaccine to Childhood vaccine to prevent this diseaseprevent this disease
Can last 6 weeks to Can last 6 weeks to several monthsseveral months
Coughing attacks worse Coughing attacks worse at nightat night
AsthmaAsthma
Inflammatory airway Inflammatory airway obstructionobstruction
Caused by an Caused by an allergen or allergen or psychological stresspsychological stress
5% of Americans 5% of Americans have asthmahave asthma
CAN BE EXERCISED CAN BE EXERCISED INDUCEDINDUCED
AsthmaAsthma
Symptoms:Symptoms: Difficulty Difficulty
ExhalingExhaling DyspneaDyspnea Wheezing-HIGH Wheezing-HIGH
PITCHED PITCHED BREATHINGBREATHING
Tightness in Tightness in chestchest
AsthmaAsthma
Rx: anti-Rx: anti-inflammatory drugs inflammatory drugs and inhaled and inhaled bronchodilatorbronchodilator
SilicosisSilicosis
Cause: breathing dust containing silicon Cause: breathing dust containing silicon dioxide over a long period of timedioxide over a long period of time
Lungs become fibrosed, reduced ability to Lungs become fibrosed, reduced ability to expandexpand
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)Disease (COPD)
Describes chronic Describes chronic lung conditions, lung conditions, especiailly especiailly empysema and empysema and chronic bronchitischronic bronchitis
15 million 15 million Americans suffer Americans suffer from COPD from COPD
90% attributed to 90% attributed to smokingsmoking
EmphysemaEmphysema
Alveoli becomdes dilated, Alveoli becomdes dilated, lose their elasticity, can’t lose their elasticity, can’t rebound/REINFLATErebound/REINFLATE
May eventually ruptureMay eventually rupture Air becomes trapped, Air becomes trapped,
can’t exhale – froced can’t exhale – froced exhalation requiredexhalation required
Reduced exchange of O2 Reduced exchange of O2 and CO2-barrel chestedand CO2-barrel chested
Dyspnea increases as Dyspnea increases as desease progresses.desease progresses.
Suddent Infant Death Syndrome Suddent Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)(SIDS)
Also known as “crib Also known as “crib death”death”
Usually between 2 Usually between 2 weeks to 1 yearweeks to 1 year
Leading cause of Leading cause of death for children death for children from birth to 1yr.from birth to 1yr.
Cause – unknownCause – unknown Rx – sleep monitorRx – sleep monitor
Apnea – not breathingApnea – not breathingDsypnea – difficult or painful breathingDsypnea – difficult or painful breathingTachypnea – fast breathingTachypnea – fast breathingHyperpnea – exaggerated deep labored Hyperpnea – exaggerated deep labored
breathing as seen after exercisebreathing as seen after exerciseBradypnea-slow breathingBradypnea-slow breathingOrthopnea – difficulty breathing in laying Orthopnea – difficulty breathing in laying
flat.sit straight up to breatheflat.sit straight up to breatheHyperventilation – fast, shallow breathingHyperventilation – fast, shallow breathingRales – noisy , moist breathing-fluid in Rales – noisy , moist breathing-fluid in
lungslungs
To Be Continued……….To Be Continued……….