Review of European policy frameworks regarding to LE
What EU policies do address function of landscape elements/ hedges?
Review of 75 EU policy documents
1. Quantitative review ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Quantitative review by document type .............................................................................. 3
1.2 Quantitative review by theme.............................................................................................. 3
2. Qualitative review: Main documents that address function of landscape elements/
hedges .................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 State of play on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass used for electricity,
heating and cooling in the EU ......................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 ................ 4
2.3 Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora ......................................... 5
2.4 Carbon impacts of biomass consumed in the EU - Review of literature on biogenic
carbon and life cycle assessment of forest bioenergy ................................................................ 5
2.5 European Landscape Convention ...................................................................................... 6
2.6 Common agricultural policy ................................................................................................. 7
3. Transnational agreed statement on EU policy ......................................................................... 8
4. List of reviewed documents ....................................................................................................... 10
1. Quantitative review
1.1 Quantitative review by document type
1.2 Quantitative review by theme
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
17
Rep
ort
2A
sses
smen
t
3D
ecis
ion
1In
form
atio
n n
ote
15
Dir
ecti
ve
2R
eso
luti
on
1G
uid
e
2M
EMO
1P
rop
osa
l fo
r a
dir
ecti
ve
1C
on
ven
tio
n
5R
egu
lati
on
17
Co
mm
un
icat
ion
7W
ork
ing
do
cum
ent
Hedge
Landscape
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
6A
gric
ult
ure
7C
limat
e
9Ec
on
om
y an
d E
nte
rpri
se
18
Ener
gy
22
Envi
ron
men
t
5Fo
rest
ry
2H
ealt
h
1P
lan
nin
g
5W
aste
Hedge
Landscape
2. Qualitative review: Main documents that address function of
landscape elements/ hedges
2.1 State of play on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass used for
electricity, heating and cooling in the EU
Type Category Main statements Perspective Synergies
Working
document
Energy Biomass use in the EU is
mainly based on processing
and harvesting residues
(including landscape care
wood).
Energy No
2.2 Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020
Type Category Main statements Perspective Synergies
Resolution/
communication
Environment/
Biodiversity
Facilitate collaboration
among farmers and
foresters to achieve
continuity of landscape
features.
Restoration of
ecosystems leads to
enhanced ecosystem
services
Active management of
natural resources by
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Enhancing
ecosystem
services and
resilience
against
climate
change
Opportunities
for benefits
from multiple
services
Climate
change
farming is an important
tool to combat
biodiversity loss and
contributes to
mitigating and adapting
to climate change
High Nature Value
(HNV) areas
Diversification of the
agricultural sector:
Adding value to rural
products and services
associated with
specific natural or
landscape elements
Economic
Biodiversity
2.3 Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora
Type Category Main statements Perspective Synergies
Directive Environment/
biodiversity
Land-use planning and
development policies should
encourage the management
of features of the landscape
which are of major
importance for wild fauna
and flora
Biodiversity No
2.4 Carbon impacts of biomass consumed in the EU - Review of literature on
biogenic carbon and life cycle assessment of forest bioenergy
Type Category Main statements Perspective Synergies
Report Climate
change/
Biomass use in the EU is
mainly based on processing
Climate
change/
No
Energy and harvesting residues
(including landscape care
wood).
Energy
2.5 European Landscape Convention
Type Category Main statements Perspective Synergies
Convention/
report
Environment Certain natural and/or
historic elements of
places may be given
particular attention in
order to preserve their
specific c role, particular
historical meaning, and
environmental and
other potential, for
example, in parts of the
territory devoted to
agriculture, e.g. hedges.
The instruments used
may range from forms
of legal protection to
grants to owners and
farmers for upkeep.
Inclusion of the
landscape in sectoral
policies and instruments
Environmental/
historic
Environmental/
historic
Agriculture
Landscape
plans and
studies
should be
part of
energy
management
programmes
2.6 Common agricultural policy
Type Category Main statements Perspective Synergies
Agriculture/
Environment
Retention of landscape
features (e. f. hedges),
including a ban on cutting
hedges and trees during the
bird breeding and rearing
season.
The creation of "buffer
zones" for high nature value
areas, Natura 2000 or other
biodiversity protection sites,
including along hedgerows
… and the management
(pruning, trimming, dates,
methods, restoration) of
landscape features (trees,
hedgerows, …) are named
as equivalent practices for
ecological focus areas.
“Experience has shown that
certain landscape features
of the fields, in particular
hedges, ditches and
stonewalls, should be
considered part of the
eligible area for area-related
direct payments.”
“Where certain landscape
features, in particular
hedges, ditches and walls,
are traditionally part of good
agriculture cropping or
utilisation practices on
agricultural area in certain
regions, Member States
may decide that the
corresponding area shall be
considered part of the
eligible area of an
agricultural parcel”
3. Transnational agreed statement on EU policy
Although landscape elements are part of current EU policies, such as CAP 2014-
2020, EU biodiversity strategy to 2020 and the European Landscape Convention.,
there is a lack of cross-sectoral legislation and an integrated vision is absent. The
fact that hedges are a multifunctional landscape feature (biodiversity, ecosystem
services for agricultural production, landscape aesthetic, cultural and historic value,
source for energy, integrated pest management, and economic-ecological-corridor) is
not expressed appropriately in EU policies. TWECOM encourages policymakers to
recognise the multiple benefits of hedgerow systems in a cross-sector policy,
especially when developing a future vision on the role of biomass for a sustainable
energy transition that goes hand-in-hand with ecological needs. TWECOM has
developed policy guidelines to further strengthen the role of hedges as community-
builders and energy-sources.
TWECOM suggests to revise the role of hedges in the CAP 2014-2020. Currently it is
at the discretion of each member state to include hedges as a practice to fulfil the
requirements of ecological focus areas (EFAs). Because of the outstanding
importance of hedges, especially for already vastly cleared and intensively used
agricultural areas, we consider it necessary to include hedges as a permanent and
EU wide option for EFAs. Additionally, we suggest to include further differentiations in
the weighting of EFA practices regarding to hedges. Hedges that are properly
managed and whose biomass is used for energy production should be given more
recognition and weight than hedges that are just minimally maintained. Furthermore
we encourage policy makers to revise the rules of adjacency. Using a system that
allows farmers to manage hedges that are not part of their own agricultural land and
add those to their own EFA would mean an incentive for the management of hedges.
Furthermore biomass from landscape elements needs to be considered as a product,
not as residue or waste that needs to be disposed, transported and processed
according to the terms of waste. Using biomass from hedges in some kind of local
product-cascade is a valuable process-tool for the promotion of hedge-products in
our society.
Additionally the planting of new hedges should be encouraged. Thereby we consider
it necessary to start investigations and discussions about the permanence of newly
planted hedges. On the one hand the consideration of hedges as a less permanent
landscape element could encourage farmers to plant new hedges, because they
would have the option to (re)move them if e.g. their agricultural production activities
change. On the other hand, any permanent removal of hedges involves
environmental impacts and the loss their other functions. Relaxing the protection of
newly planted hedges (e.g. in the cross compliance regulations) is a challenge.
However, hedges do not unfold their ecological potential if they are just preserved;
they need to be managed actively to increase their multiple functions.
However, a good management of hedges that improves ecosystems and habitats can
cause problematic consequences for farmers. Based on the Birds Directive and the
Habitats Directive farmers can be forced to refrain from certain agricultural production
methods and to take additional protection-measures if species protected by the Birds
and Habitat Directive (Red List Species) are found. Thus, farmers are not
encouraged to increase the ecological value of hedges by good management
measures. In fact, a measure that is taken to protect nature causes big opposition to
make farmers participate on maintenance of hedges. This is another example for a
lack of cross-sectoral policies and a dilemma that has to be taken into account when
further developing EU policies.
4. List of reviewed documents
Author Year Title Key words Category Type
Ad Hoc Working
Group (AHWG)
2014 Recommendations on the framework conditions for the extraction
of non-energy raw materials in the European Union
landscape Economy
and
Enterprise
1 Report
Council of Europe 2000 European Landscape Convention and reference documents hedge;
landscape
Environm
ent
11 Coventi
on
Council of Europe 2006 Landscape and sustainable development: Challenges of the
European Landscape Convention
Environm
ent
1 Report
Council of Europe 2006 Landscape and sustainable development: Challenges of the
European Landscape Convention
Environm
ent
1 Report
Council of Europe 2010 Council of Europe Conference of Ministers responsible for
Spatial/Regional Planning (CEMAT) Basic texts 1970 – 2010
hedge;
landscape;
shrub
Spatial
planning
1 Report
Council of Europe op.
2012
Landscape facets Reflections and proposals for the
implementation of the European Landscape Convention
hedge;
landscape;
shrub
Environm
ent
1 Report
Council of Europe 2013 An EU strategy on adaptation to climate change Climate 13 Commu
nication
Council of Europe 2014 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2000/29/EC of 8 May 2000 on protective
measures against the introduction into the Community of
organisms harmful to plants or plant products and against their
spread within the Community
hedge; shrub Health 5 Council
directive
Council of
Europe;
European
Parliament
2014 DIRECTIVE 2003/87/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 October 2003 establishing a
scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the
Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC
Climate 6 Directive
Ecofys & Golder
Associates &
European
Commission
PERMITTING OF BIOENERGY INSTALLATIONS IN THE EU-27 Energy 1 Report
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
RESULTS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION ON THE
"STOCKTAKING DOCUMENT TOWARDS A NEW ENERGY
STRATEGY FOR EUROPE 2011-2020"
landscape Energy 15 Workin
g
document
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
State of play on the sustainability of solid and gaseous biomass
used for electricity, heating and cooling in the EU
hedge;
landscape
Energy 15 Workin
g
document
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
1986 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 12 June 1986 on the protection of the
environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is
used in agriculture; ( 86 / 278 / EEC)
Waste 5 Council
directive
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
1991 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 12 December 1991 concerning the
protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from
agricultural sources; (91 / 676 /EEC)
Agricultur
e
5 Council
directive
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
1999 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill
of waste
Waste 5 Council
directive
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2000 COMMISSION STATEMENT Environm
ent
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2000 DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a
framework for Community action in the field of water policy
Environm
ent
6 Directive
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2000 DIRECTIVE 2000/76/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL of 4 December 2000 on the incineration
of waste
Waste 6 Directive
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2001 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC
AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE
REGIONS on the implementation of the Community Strategy and
Action Plan on Renewable Energy Sources (1998 – 2000)
COM(2001) 69 final
Energy 13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2002 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION Implementation of Council
Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against
hedge;
landscape
Agricultur
e
1 Report
pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources Synthesis
from year 2000 Member States reports; COM(2002) 407 final
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2003 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT FOREST LAW
ENFORCEMENT, GOVERNANCE AND TRADE (FLEGT)
PROPOSAL FOR AN EU ACTION PLAN COM (2003) 251 final
Forestry 13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2005 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Biomass action
plan {SEC(2005) 1573}
Energy 13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2006 Annexes to the COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION
HALTING THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY BY 2010 — AND
BEYOND Sustaining ecosystem services for human well–being
{COM(2006)216 final} TECHNICAL ANNEX
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2006 Commission staff working document - Annex to the
Communication from the Commission - Halting the loss of
biodiversity by 2010 - and beyond - Sustaining ecosystem services
for human well–being {COM(2006)216 final} - Impact assessment
/* SEC/2006/0607 */
landscape Environm
ent
15 Workin
g
document
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2006 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION HALTING THE
LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY BY 2010 — AND BEYOND Sustaining
ecosystem services for human well–being {SEC(2006) 607}
{SEC(2006) 621}
Environm
ent
13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2008 DIRECTIVE 2008/98/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 November 2008 on waste and
repealing certain Directives
Waste 6 Directive
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2008 GREEN PAPER On the management of bio-waste in the
European Union {SEC(2008) 2936}
Waste 1 Report
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2009 BENCHMARK OF BIOENERGY PERMITTING PROCEDURES IN
THE EUROPEAN UNION
landscape Energy 1 Report
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2009 WHITE PAPER Adapting to climate change: Towards a European
framework for action {SEC(2009) 386} {SEC(2009) 387}
{SEC(2009) 388}; COM(2009) 147 final
landscape Climate 1 Report
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2010 Assessment of the EU Biodiversity Action Plan as a tool for
implementing biodiversity policy
Environm
ent
2 Assessm
ent
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2010 Biodiversity: Assessment confirms EU has missed 2010 target, but
important lessons learned
Environm
ent
2 Assessm
ent
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2010 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT State of play in
the EU energy policy Accompanying document to the
COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS Energy 2020 A strategy for competitive,
sustainable and secure energy {COM(2010) 639}
Energy 15 Workin
g
document
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2010 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS Energy 2020 A strategy for competitive,
sustainable and secure energy {SEC(2010) 1346}; COM(2010)
639 final
landscape Energy 13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2010 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION on indirect land-use change
related to biofuels and bioliquids
Energy 1 Report
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2010 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT on sustainability requirements for
the use of solid and gaseous biomass sources in electricity,
heating and cooling SEC(2010) 65 final SEC(2010) 66 final
Energy 1 Report
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2010 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT THE 2010 ASSESSMENT OF
IMPLEMENTING THE EU BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN
SEC(2010) 1163 SEC(2010) 1164 SEC(2010) 1165
Environm
ent
1 Report
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2011 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE ECONOMIC
AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE
REGIONS Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU
biodiversity strategy to 2020 {SEC(2011) 540 final} {SEC(2011)
landscape Environm
ent
13 Commu
nication
541 final}
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2011 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE ECONOMIC
AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE
REGIONS Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU
biodiversity strategy to 2020 {SEC(2011) 540 final} {SEC(2011)
541 final}
landscape Environm
ent
13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2011 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF REGIONS
landscape Economy
and
Enterprise
15 Workin
g
document
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2011 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS
hedge;
landscape;
shrub
Environm
ent
15 Workin
g
document
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2011 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS A resource-efficient Europe – Flagship
initiative under the Europe 2020 Strategy; COM(2011) 21
Economy
and
Enterprise
13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN 2011 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE Economy 13 Commu
COMMISSION EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050 {SEC(2011) 287 final} {SEC(2011) 288
final} {SEC(2011) 289 final}
and
Enterprise
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2011 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low
carbon economy in 2050 {SEC(2011) 287 final} {SEC(2011) 288
final} {SEC(2011) 289 final}
Economy
and
Enterprise
13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2011 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe
{SEC(2011) 1067 final} {SEC(2011) 1068 final}; COM(2011) 571
final
Economy
and
Enterprise
13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2011 EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 - Council conclusions Environm
ent
4 Informati
on note
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2011 Resource-efficient Europe Economy
and
9 MEMO
Enterprise
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2012 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT IMPACT
ASSESSMENT Accompanying the document Proposal for a
Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending
Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels
and amending Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use
of energy from renewable sources {COM(2012) 595 final}
{SWD(2012) 344 final}
shrub Energy 15 Workin
g
document
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2012 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A
Bioeconomy for Europe {SWD(2012) 11 final}
Economy
and
Enterprise
13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2012 Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Directive 98/70/EC relating to
the quality of petrol and diesel fuels and amending Directive
2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable
sources (Text with EEA relevance) {SWD(2012) 343 final}
{SWD(2012) 344 final}; COM(2012) 595 final
Energy 10 Propos
al for a
directive
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2012 REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC
Environm
ent
1 Report
AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE
REGIONS The implementation of the Soil Thematic Strategy and
ongoing activities
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2013 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Implementing
the Energy Efficiency Directive – Commission Guidance
{SWD(2013) 445 final} {SWD(2013) 446 final} {SWD(2013) 447
final} {SWD(2013) 448 final} {SWD(2013) 449 final} {SWD(2013)
450 final} {SWD(2013) 451 final}
Energy 13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2013 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL Implementing
the Energy Efficiency Directive – Commission Guidance
{SWD(2013) 445 final} {SWD(2013) 446 final} {SWD(2013) 447
final} {SWD(2013) 448 final} {SWD(2013) 449 final} {SWD(2013)
450 final} {SWD(2013) 451 final}
Energy 13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2013 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS A new EU Forest Strategy: for forests and the
forest-based sector {SWD(2013) 342 final} {SWD(2013) 343 final}
Forestry 13 Commu
nication
EUROPEAN 2013 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE Forestry 13 Commu
COMMISSION EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE
OF THE REGIONS A new EU Forest Strategy: for forests and the
forest-based sector {SWD(2013) 342 final} {SWD(2013) 343 final}
nication
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2014 Adaptation to climate change Climate 1 Report
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2014 The European Bioeconomy: making the concept a reality Economy
and
Enterprise
9 MEMO
EUROPEAN
COMMISSION
2015 amending Decision 2010/670/EU as regards the extension of
certain time-limits laid down in Article 9 and Article 11(1) of that
Decision
Climate 3 Commis
sion
decision
European
Economic
Community
1992 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the
conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora; (OJ L
206, 22.7.1992, p. 7)
hedge;
landscape;
shrub
Environm
ent
5 Council
directive
European
Parliament
2011 Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy
to 2020 European Parliament resolution of 20 April 2012 on our
life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to
2020 (2011/2307(INI))
landscape Environm
ent
7 Resoluti
on
European
Parliament
2011 Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy
to 2020 European Parliament resolution of 20 April 2012 on our
landscape Environm
ent
7 Resoluti
on
life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to
2020 (2011/2307(INI))
European
Parliament
2013 Decision No 529/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 21 May 2013 on accounting rules on greenhouse gas
emissions and removals resulting from activities relating to land
use, land-use change and forestry and on information concerning
actions relating to those activities
Forestry 14 Decisio
n
European
Parliament;
Council of Europe
2011 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 142/2011 of 25 February
2011 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the
European Parliament and of the Council laying down health rules
as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended
for human consumption and implementing Council Directive
97/78/EC as regards certain samples and items exempt from
veterinary checks at the border under that Directive
Agricultur
e
12 Regulat
ion
European Union 2009 DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the
use of energy from renewable sources and amending and
subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
Energy 6 Directive
European Union 2009 Directive 2009/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 2003/87/EC so as to
improve and extend the greenhouse gas emission allowance
Climate 6 Directive
trading scheme of the Community
European Union 2009 Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards
the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a
mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the
specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and
repealing Directive 93/12/EEC
Energy 6 Directive
European Union 2009 Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 21 October 2009 laying down health rules as
regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for
human consumption and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002
(Animal by-products Regulation)
Agricultur
e
12 Regulat
ion
European Union 2010 Commission Decision of 3 November 2010 laying down criteria
and measures for the financing of commercial demonstration
projects that aim at the environmentally safe capture and
geological storage of CO2 as well as demonstration projects of
innovative renewable energy technologies under the scheme for
greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community
established by Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council (notified under document C(2010) 7499)
Climate 14 Decisio
n
European Union 2010 Directive 2009/147/EC of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 30 November 2009 on the conservation of wild birds
Environm
ent
6 Directive
European Union 2010 Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated
pollution prevention and control)
Environm
ent
6 Directive
European Union 2010 Regulation (EU) No 995/2010 of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 20 October 2010 laying down the obligations of
operators who place timber and timber products on the marketText
with EEA relevance
Forestry 12 Regulat
ion
European Union 2011 Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 of 25 February 2011
implementing Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European
Parliament and of the Council laying down health rules as regards
animal by-products and derived products not intended for human
consumption and implementing Council Directive 97/78/EC as
regards certain samples and items exempt from veterinary checks
at the border under that DirectiveText with EEA relevance
Agricultur
e
12 Regulat
ion
European Union 2011 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 749/2011 of 29 July 2011 Agricultur
e
12 Regulat
ion
European Union 2012 Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 25 October 2012 on energy efficiency, amending
Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives
Energy 6 Directive
2004/8/EC and 2006/32/ECText with EEA relevance
FAO Guide to implementation of phytosanitary standards in forestry landscape;
shrub
Health 8 Guide
The Research
Agency of the
Forestry
Commission
2014 Review of literature on biogenic carbon and life cycle assessment
of forest bioenergy
hedge;
landscape;
shrub
Energy 1 Report
UNEP;
Convention on
Biological
Diversity
2012 REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH MEETING OF THE
CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
landscape Environm
ent
1 Report