Tamar laliaSvili
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis procesi
zogadi nawili
Tbilisi, 2015
gamomcemloba `iuristebis samyaro~
redaqtori iza kelenjeriZe
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis sisxlis samarTlis mimarTulebis doqtoranti.
saqarTvelos universitetis samarTlis skolis sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis saproceso samarTlis leqtori
ISBN 978-9941-9406-8-2
© gamomcemloba “iuristebis samyaro”, 2015
© Tamar laliaSvili, 2015
yvela ufleba daculia. am wignis arc erTi nawili ( es iqneba teqsti, foto ilustracia Tu sxva) aranairi formiT da saSualebiT (iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri), ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas saavtoro uflebis subieqtebis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.
saavtoro uflebis darRveva isjeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT
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E-mail: [email protected];https://www.facebook.com/Publishinghouselawyersworld
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avtorisagan
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, qarTvelma xalxma arCevani dasavlur Rirebulebebze gaakeTa. demokratia, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacva da kanonis uzenaesoba - es is saerTo Rirebulebebia, rasac evrokavSiri efuZneba da ris dasamkvidrebladac ukve or aTwleulze metia saqarTvelo miiswrafvis. es procesi Seuqcevadia. am xnis manZilze, saqarTvelos parlamentis mier ratificirebul iqna araerTi saerTaSoriso konven-cia da aqti (maT Soris adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad Ta-visuflebaTa dacvis evropis konvencia, samoqalaqo da po-litikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqti). „partniorobi-sa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb” SeTanxmebiT, saqarTvelo „evropuli samezoblo politikis” partnior qveynad iqca , 2014 wels ki xeli moewera saqarTvelo-evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis SeTanxmebas, riTac saqarTvelo evrokavSiris urTierTobebis Tvisobrivad axal sibrtyeSi gadavida. sa-qarTvelo-evrokavSiris dRis wesrigiT gansazRvrul iqna prioritetebi, romelTa Sorisaa aseve sisxlis samarTlis procesis reformireba, kerZod, sisxlis samarTlis pro-cesSi mxareebis Tanasworobis, aseve marTlmsajulebis damoukideblobis, efeqtianobis, miukerZoeblobisa da profesionalizmis gazrda, damoukidebeli da efeqtiani gamoZiebisa da samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufle-bis uzrunvelyofa.
tradiciulad, 2004 wlamde, saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-marTlis saproceso kodeqsi orientirebuli iyo konti-nenturevropul sisxlis samarTlis saproceso sistemaze. procesis fuZemdeblur principebs warmoadgendnen le-galurobis, inkviziciurobis, materialuri WeSmaritebis dadgenis principebi. 2004 wlidan, e.w. „vardebis revolu-ciis“ Semdeg, Seicvala qveynis politikuri mimarTuleba. qarTulma sisxlis samarTalma ganicada arsebiTi cvli-lebebi sisxlis samarTlis politikis sferoSi. sisxlis samarTlis procesis reformirebis kuTxiT saqarTvelo
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arCevanis winaSe dadga: angloamerikuli Tu kontinentur- evropuli samarTlis sistema? sisxlis samarTlis pro-cesi Seicvala angloamerikuli sistemis mimarTulebiT. angloamerikuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis ideebma, fuZemdeblurma pricipebma, Tavisi asaxva hpova saqarTve-los sisxlis marTlis saproceso kodeqsSi. 2009 wels miRe-bul iqna saproceso kodeqsi, romlis fundamenturi prin-cipebia diskreciulobis, adversarobis (mxareTa Seji-brebiTobisa da Tanasworobis), formaluri WeSmaritebis dadgenis principebi. dReisaTvis, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis procesi adversarul process warmoadgens da angloamerikul sisxlis samarTlis proceszea orienti-rebuli.
wigni SesaZleblobas aZlevs mkiTxvels, gaecnos sa-qarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis procesis samarTlebriv safuZvlebs, procesis miznebsa da amocanebs, procesis stadiebsa da maT warmoebas. wigni mkiTxvels aseve sTavaz-obs, gaecnos saqarTvelos konstituciiT, evropuli kon-venciiT, samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtiTa da sxva saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT gaTvaliswi-nebul, adaminis fundamentur uflebaTa da Tavisufle-baTa damcav, sisxlis samarTlis procesis fuZemdeblur principebs. kerZo da sajaro interesebi, (koleqtiuri da individualuri interesi) arsad ise Zlierad erTmaneTs ar upirispirdeba, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. kanonis mier dadgenil farglebSi am interesTa Sefaseba tipiuria saxelmwifosa da kerZo pirebis urTierTobisa-Tvis, swored amitom sisxlis samarTlis process saxel-mwifos konstituciis seismografs uwodeben. wignSi moce-mulia angloamerikuli da kontinenturevropuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis sistemebis ZiriTad principTa Seda-rebiT analizi, maT Soris msgavseba da gansxvaveba. wignSi gaanalizebulia sisxlis samarTlis principTa konkuren-cia da konfliqti, ganmartebulia mTel rig principTa upiratesoba procesis sxva principebTan mimarTebaSi, mag. rogoricaa dauSvebel mkicebulebaTa principis upirate-
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soba WeSmaritebis dadgenis principTan. wignSi, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos prcedentuli samarT-lis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganxilulia, iZulebiT RonisZie-baTa gamoyenebisaTvis mniSvnelovani winapirobebi da sisxlis samarTlis proceSi adamianis uflebaTa SezRud-vis dasaSvebobis farglebi.
winamdebare naSromi aseve moicavs sisxlis samarT-lis procesis ZiriTadi institutebis mimoxilvas. masSi, evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis, aseve saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasasamarTlos gadawyveti-lebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, warmodgenilia saproceso ko-deqsSi arsebuli xarvezebi, problematuri sakiTxebi da SemoTavazebulia maTi gadaWris gzebi.
wigni did daxmarebas gauwevs rogorc studentebs, ro-melTac sTavazobs sisxlis samarTlis procesis safuZ-vlebis Seswavlas, aseve praqtikos - iuristebs, romelTac SesaZlebloba eqnebaT, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, gaiRr-mavon Teoriuli codna da gamoiyenon naSromi praqtika-Si arsebuli problemebis gadasaWrelad iseT sakiTxebze, mag. rogoricaa konfliqti braldebulis miTiTebebis Ses-rulebis valdebulebasa da misi interesebis damcvelis mier, braldebulis miTiTebebis gareSe SemuSavebul dac-vis taqtikas Soris. wigni mkiTxvels sTavazobs, gamoZiebis procesSi, saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis mqone pirisagan informaciis miRebis procesiT dadgenili gze-bisa da saSualebebis, miRebuli informaciis samarTle-brivi Sedegebis detalur analizs, mowmis sandoobasa da misi Cvenebis sarwmunoebis Sefasebis kriteriumebs.
gansakuTrebuli madliereba minda gamovxato germa-niis akademiuri gacvlis samsaxuris (DAAD) , kaTolikuri akademiuri gacvlis samsaxuris (KAAD) mimarT, romelTac SesaZlebloba momces wignze memuSava kiolnis universi-tetSi, aseve maqs-plankis saxelobis sazRvargareTis qvey-nebisa da saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis institutSi.
gansakTrebuli madloba minda gadavuxado ivane ja-
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vaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-tis iuridiuli fakultetis sisxlis samarTlis mimarTu-lebis doqtorants, saqarTvelos universitetis samarT-lis skolis leqtors, germaniis akademiuri gacvliTi samsaxuris stipendiants, qalbaton iza kelenjeriZes, romelmac wignze muSaobisas warmodgenili winadadebebi-Ta da SeniSvnebiT xeli Seuwyo am naSromis gamocemas.
aseve gansakuTrebuli madliereba minda gamovxato yvela Cems ucxoel da qarTvel kolegas mimarT, romel-Ta mxardaWeram da diskusiebma, maT mier gamoTqmulma Se-niSvnebma da winadadebebma xeli Seuwyo wignis srulyofas.
Tamar laliaSvili
samarTlis doqtori, profesori, 2015 wlis ivnisi
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redaqtorisagan
2009 wlis 9 oqtombers, saqarTvelos xelisuflebam mi-iRo axali (dRes moqmedi) sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelmac wina saproceso kodeqsisgan (saubaria 1998 wlis 20 Tebervals miRebul saproceso kodeqsze) gansxvavebuli normebi Semoitana. moqmedi saproceso ko-deqsiT, qveynis samarTlebriv sivrceSi sruliad axali terminebi da fuZemdebluri principebi Semovida. bunebri-via, sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi saWiroebs axali, moqmed normebTan SesabamisobaSi myofi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnas da ukve arsebuli iuridiuli literaturis ganaxlebasac. am mxriv, winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo marTlac umniSvne-lovanesia, vinaidan, igi zedmiwevniT zustad da srulad asaxavs saproceso normebis cvlilebebs da mkiTxvels aZlevs saSualebas Tavad gaakeTos Sedarebebi Zvel da mo-qmed kanonmdeblobebTan.
saxelmZRvaneloSi didi yuradReba eTmoba sisxlis sa-marTlis procesis principebs, rogorc procesis warmmar-Tvels da qvakuTxeds. mocemulia am principebis mniSvne-loba TiToeuli sagamoZiebo Tu saproceso moqmedebis Catarebisas da mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebis dadgenis kuTxiT; naSromSi aseve didi yuradReba eTmoba procesis TiToeuli monawilis statuss, maTi uflebamosilebis sazRvrebs da maT mier saproceso normebis ganuxrelad dacvas samarTliani procesis uzrunvelyofis mizniT; mo-cemulia sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis sruli sura-Ti da ganxilulia is problemebi, rac maT srulyofilad CatarebaSi gviSlis xels. am mxriv, avtori erovnuli Tu ucxo qveynebis sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlis safuZ-velze gvaZlevs rekomendaciebs arsebuli normebis dax-vewis da axali normebis SemuSavebis kuTxiT.
naSromis originaluroba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi srulad asaxavs im cvlilebebs, rac mowmis statusma ga-nicada axal realobaSi; rogorc viciT, mowmis statusi eqspertTan, specialistTan, TarjimanTan da uSualod
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TviTmxilvel mowmesTan erTad, dazaralebuls da bral-debulsac gaaCnia. am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom avtori avlebs paralelebs dazaralebul mowmes, bralde-bul mowmesa da sxva mowmes Soris, kerZod, gveqmneba sru-li suraTi imis Taobaze, Tu rodis moqmedebs braldebuli procesSi rogorc dacvis mxare da rodis, rogorc mowme, vinaidan am ori mimarTulebiT misi uflebrivi mdgomareo-ba gansxvavebulia.
naSromi mkveTr gamijvnas axdens winaswar gamoZieba-sa da sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas Soris, axdens ra Ti-Toeuli stadiis reglamentaciis Taviseburebebs da maT mniSvnelobas sasamarTlo ganxilvis warmoebisTvis; avto-ri guldasmiT ekideba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis daw-yebisa da Sewyvetis safuZvlebs da am kuTxiT praqtikaSi arsebul problemebsac warmoaCens, rac udaod misasal-mebelia. naSromSi gamoyenebulia uaxlesi evropuli da amerikuli literatura, rac kidev ufro zrdis mis Ri-rebulebas da masSi mocemuli sakiTxebis srulyofilad Seswavlis saSualebas gvaZlevs.
vfiqrob, winamdebare naSromi did daxmarebas gauwevs iuridiuli fakultetis studentebs, praqtikos Tu mec-nier-iuristebs da sisxlis samarTlis procesis proble-mebiT dainteresebul adamianebs.
iza kelenjeriZeiv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis sisxlis samarTlis mimarTulebis doqtoranti, saqarTvelos
universitetis samarTlis skolis sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis saproceso samarTlis leqtori
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10
sarCevi
avtorisagan .................................................................. 3
redaqtorisagan ......................................................... 7
nawili 1 .......................................................................... 32
I. sisxlis samarTlis procesis cneba, arsi da miznebi. sisxlis samarTlis procesis warmoeba .....................................................................................................32
1.I.1. materialuri sisxlis samarTali da sisxlis samarTlis procesi ..........................................................................32
1.I. 2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis cneba ........................34
1.I. 3. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi, miznebi da amocanebi ..................................................................................................35
1.I. 3. a. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi .........................35
1.I. 3. b. procesis amocanebi .....................................................35
1.I. 3. g. sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznebi ...................38
1.I. 3. g. 1. gamoZiebis, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da
marTlmsajulebis wesebis dadgena ......................................38
1.I. 3. g. 2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis sxva miznebi.
sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznebis kompleqsuri
xasiaTi ..........................................................................................40
1.I. 3. g. 3. WeSmaritebis (simarTlis ) dadgena. ..................41
1.I. 3. g. 4. samarTlebrivi mSvidobis aRdgena .....................42
1.I. 3. g. 5. konfliqti procesis miznebs Soris ..................42
1.II. sisxlis samarTlis procesis moculoba ...............44
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1.II. 1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis etapebis zogadi mimoxilva ..................................................................................................44
1.II. 2. gamoZiebis dawyebis winare procesi. gamoYZiebis dawyebis winare etapi ......................................44
1.II. 3. gamoZiebisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis etapi ..............................................................................................................46
1.II. 3. a. gamoZiebis etapi ...........................................................46
gamoYZYiebis dawyeba .....................................................................46
1.II. 3. b. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis etapi .....................47
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyeba ..............................47
1.II. 3. b. 1. piris dakaveba ..........................................................47
1.II. 3. b. 2. prokuroris dadgenileba piris braldebis
Sesaxeb ...........................................................................................48
pPiris braldebis dadgenileba ..............................................50
1. informaciuli funqcia ......................................................50
2. SezRudvis funqcia ..............................................................51
gansxvaveba gamoZiebasa da devnas Soris ............................51
1.II. 3. g. braldebulis pirveli wardgena sasamarTloSi.
braldebulis sasamarTloSi pirveli wardgenis
sxdoma ...........................................................................................54
1.II. 3.d. gamoZiebis dasrulebisa da informaciis
(saqmis masalebis) sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemis etapi
winasasamarTlo sxdomis Casatareblad ...........................55
1.II. 4. winasasamarTlo sxdomis Catarebis etapi ......56
1.II. 5. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva ...............................................59
1.II. 5. a. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis Semadgeneli
nawilebi .......................................................................................59
1.II. 5. b. ZiriTadi sasamarTlo sxdoma ..................................61
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1.II. 6. gasaCivrebis etapi ................................................................63
1.II. 6. a. ganaCenis gasaCivreba saapelacio wesiT ...............63
1.II. 6. b. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganaCenis gadasinjva
sakasacio wesiT ..........................................................................65
1.II. 6. g. ganaCenis gadasinjva axlad gamovlenil
garemoebaTa gamo. Suamdgomloba axlad gamovlenil
garemoebaTa gamo .......................................................................67
1.II. 7. ganaCenis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli procesi .......................................................................................................67
ganaCenis aRsasruleblad miqceva .......................................67
1.III. sisxlis samarTlis procesis samarTlebrivi wyaroebi .....................................................................................................69
1.III. 1. zogadi mimoxilva .................................................................69
1.III. 2. saqarTvelos kanonebi da sxva normatiuli aqtebi ...........................................................................................................69
1.III. 3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis sxva wyaroebi .....................................................................................................70
1.III. 3. a. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa
dacvis konvencia (SemdgomSi adamianis uflebaTa
evropuli konvencia) evropuli konvencia, rogorc
sisxlis samarTlis procesis samarTlebrivi
wyaro ............................................................................................71
1.III. 3. b. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa
dacvis konvenciis adgili saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobaSi .....................................................................73
1.III. 4. saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTali ........................74
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1.III. 5. sisxlis samarTlis procesi da saqarTvelos konstitucia ..........................................................................................75
nawili 2 .......................................................................... 80
2. I. sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebizogadi mimoxilva .............................................................................80
2. I. 1. procesis dawyebis principebi procesis dawyebis principebia: ....................................................................80
2. I. 2. procesis warmoebis principebi procesis warmoebis principebia: ................................................................81
2. I. 3. mtkicebulebaTa principebi mtkicebulebaTa principebia: ............................................................................................81
2. I. 4. procesis formis principebi ......................................82
2. I. 4. 1. legalurobisa da oficialurobis principi
(ex officio) .......................................................................................83
saxelmwifos mier samsaxurebrivad gamoZiebis dawyebis
valdebulebis principi...........................................................83
2. I. 4. 2. diskreciulobis principi ......................................85
2. I. 4. 2. a. diskreciulobis principi amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis sisxlis samarTlis procesis
Sesabamisad ..................................................................................87
2. I. 4. 2. b. diskreciulobis principi saqarTvelos
saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisad ..........................................92
gamoZiebis dawyebis safuZYvlebi ...........................................93
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis
safuZYvlebi ..................................................................................94
2. I. 4. 2. g. prokuroris diskreciuli uflebis kanoniT
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dadgenili SezRudvebi ............................................................96
2. I. 4. 2. d. braldebulis ufleba - gaasaCivros
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis
gaWianureba ...............................................................................97
2. I. 4. 2. e. dazaralebulis kontroli devnis
dawyebaze ....................................................................................98
2. I. 4. 2. v. saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili sxva
garemoebebi, romelic zRudavs prokuroris
diskrecias ..................................................................................99
2. I. 4. 3. braldebis aRZvris (wayenebis) principi
akuzatoruli principi (sssk-is me-17 muxli) .................100
2. I. 4. 3. a. mokle istoriuli mimoxilva ............................100
2. I. 4. 3. b. braldebis aRZvris (wayenebis) principi ........101
2. I. 4. 4. kanonieri mosamarTlis principi ........................104
2. I. 4. 5. WeSmaritebis dadgenis principi ..........................106
2. I. 4. 6. pirovnebis Rirsebis xelSeuvalobis
principi ....................................................................................108
2. I. 4. 6. a. normis gamoyenebis sfero ..................................108
2. I. 4. 6. b. normis adresatebi ...............................................109
2. I. 4. 6. g. dauSvebeli meTodebi, romelic laxavs
procesis monawileTa Rirsebas ..........................................109
2. I. 4. 7. udanaSaulobisa da Tavisuflebis prezumfcia
(konstituciis me-40 muxlis pirveli punqti, evropuli
konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-2 nawili,
sssk-is me-5 muxli) ...................................................................110
2. I. 4. 8. yvela eWvis braldebulis sasargeblod
gadawyvetis principi in dubio pro reo konstituciis me-40
muxlis me-3 punqti, sssk–is me-5 muxli ..............................111
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2. I. 4. 9. adamianis konstituciur uflebaTa da
TavisuflebaTa aramarTlzomieri SezRudvis
dauSveblobis da sisxlis samarTlis procesSi piradi
cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis principi (konstituciis
me-18, me-20 muxlebi, sssk-is me- 6-7 muxlebi) ..................113
2. I. 4. 10. samarTliani procesis principi (konstituciis
42-e muxli, sssk-is me-8 muxli) ............................................115
2. I. 4. 11. swrafi marTlmsajulebis principi
(sssk-is me-8 muxlis me-2 nawili) .......................................117
2. I. 4.12. mxareTa Tanasworobisa da SejibrebiTobis
principi (konstituciis 85-e muxlis me-3 punqti,
sssk-is me-9 muxli) ...................................................................119
2. I. 4.12. a. zogadi mimoxilva ................................................119
2. I. 4.12. b. SejibrebiTi procesis kritika .......................123
2. I. 4.13. sajaroobisa da zepirobis, sisxlis samarTlis
saqmis saxelmwifo enaze ganxilvis principebi
(konstituciis 85-e muxli, sssk-is me-10, me-11, me-14
muxlebi) .....................................................................................124
2. I. 4.13. a.zepirobis principi ..............................................124
2. I. 4.13. b. sajaroobis principi ..........................................125
2. I. 4.14. kanonierebisa da sasamarTlos
damoukideblobis principi .................................................126
2. I. 4.15. sasamarTlos damoukidebloba ...........................128
2. I. 4.16. ganmeorebiT dakavebisa da msjavrdebis
akrZalvis principi ne bis in idem (konstituciis 42-e
muxlis me-4 punqti, sssk-is me-18 muxli) ..........................129
2. I. 4.17. mtkicebulebaTa principebi
(sssk-is me-13 muxli) ...............................................................130
2. I. 4.17. a. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba Sinagani rwmenis
safuZvelze ...............................................................................131
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2. I. 4.18. uSualobisa da zepirobis principi (sssk-is 14-e
muxli) .........................................................................................133
2. I. 4.19. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis principi (sssk-is
me-15 muxli) ..............................................................................135
3. nawili ...................................................................... 137
3. I. sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileni da maTi samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba ...................................137
3. I. 1. procesis monawileni. braldebulisa da misi advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba ......137zogadi mimoxilva ...........................................................................137
3. I. 2. inkviziciuri da adversaruli (SejibrebiTi) procesi .....................................................................................................138
3. I. 2. a. inkviziciuri procesi .............................................138
3. I. 2. b. adversaruli procesi .............................................139
3. I. 3. braldebuli. braldebulis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba .........................................................................................140
3. I. 3. a. braldebulis statusis formaluri da
materialuri mniSvneloba ....................................................140
3. I. 3. b. braldebuli, rogorc procesis subieqti .......141
3. I. 3. g. braldebuli, rogorc saxelmwifos iZulebis
obieqti .......................................................................................142
3. I. 3. d. braldebulis procesualuri uflebebi
zogadi mimoxilva ....................................................................143
3. I. 3. d.1. braldebulis aqtiuri roli sisxlis
samarTlis procesSi ...............................................................143
braldebulis uflebebi, romelic mas procesis aqtiur
monawiled aqcevs ....................................................................143
17
3. I. 3. d.1. a. samarTliani mosmenis ufleba .......................143
3. I. 3. d.1. b. braldebulis sxva uflebebi: ........................144
3. I. 3. d. 2. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi braldebulis
pasiuri roli ...........................................................................146
3. I. 3. d.3. braldebulis interesebis damcveli
advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba ..........................148
3. I. 3. d. 3. a. braldebulis interesebis damcveli
advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba angloamerikul
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi...............................................148
3. I. 3. d. 3. b. braldebulis interesebis damcveli
advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba
kontinenturevropul sisxlis samarTlis procesSi
(germaniis saproceso kanonmdeblobis magaliTze) .....150
3. I. 3. d. 3. g. braldebulis interesebis damcveli
advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba saqarTvelos
sisxlis samarTlis procesSi ..............................................151
3. I. 4. dacva. dacvis saxeebi ........................................................153
3. I. 4. 1. savaldebulo dacva .................................................153
3. I. 4. 2. usaxsro braldebulis (msjavrdebulis)
moTxovnis safuYZYvelze damcvelis daniSvnis
valdebuleba.............................................................................156
3. I. 4. 3. braldebuli(msjavrdebuli) , romelsac ar
Seswevs TviTdacvis ganxorcielebis unari ....................157
3. I. 4. 4. SeTanxmebiT dacvisas braldebulisaTvis
damatebiT, savaldebulo wesiT damcvelis daniSvnis
winapirobebi ............................................................................157
3. I. 4. 5. dacva saxelmwifos xarjze ....................................159
3. I. 4. 5. a. zogadi mimoxilva .................................................159
18
3. I. 4. 5. b. saxelmwifos xarjze dacvis samarTlebrivi
safuZvlebi ................................................................................161
3. I. 4. 5. g. saxelmwifos xarjze advokatis SerCevisa da
daniSvnis wesi ..........................................................................162
3. I. 4. 5. d. saxelmwifos xarjze dacvisas
braldebulisaTvis advokatis daniSvnis moTxovnis
uflebis mqone subieqtebi ....................................................163
3. I. 4. 6. dacva SeTanxmebiT. braldebulis mier
advokatis ayvana ......................................................................163
3. I. 4. 7. sakuTari Tavis dacva (TviTdacva) ......................164
3. I. 4. 8. interesTa SeuTavsebloba, mravaljeradi
dacvis akrZalva .......................................................................166
3. I. 4. 8. 1.zogadi mimoxilva ..................................................166
3. I. 4. 8. 2. advokatis mier profesiuli funqciebis
Sesrulebisas warmoSobili interesTa (kolizia)
winaaRmdegoba erTsa da imave saqmeSi ...............................167
3. I. 4. 9. advokatis ufleba-movaleobebi. profesiul
saqmianobisa da damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofa.
profesiuli saidumloebis dacva ......................................169
3. I. 4. 9. 1.zogadi mimoxilva ..................................................169
3. I. 4. 9. 2. dacvis strategia da braldebulis piradi
miTiTebebi .................................................................................170
3. I. 4. 9. 3. braldebulis advokatis ufleba-
movaleobebi ..............................................................................173
advokatis cneba .......................................................................173
3. I. 4. 9. 4. braldebulisaTvis (klientisaTvis)
iuridiuli (samarTlebrivi) rCevis micema .....................174
3. I. 4. 9. 5 profesiuli saidumloebis dacva ....................175
3. I. 4. 9. 6. advokatis urTierToba braldebulTan ........176
19
3. I. 4. 9. 7. advokatis saqmianoba sisxlis samarTlis
procesSi ....................................................................................177
3. I. 4. 9. 8. braldebulis interesebis damcveli
advokatis sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobis
gamomricxavi garemoebebi. acileba ...................................182
3. I. 4. 9. 9. sasamarTloSi advokatis daswrebis
ufleba ........................................................................................183
3. I. 4. 9. 10. advokatis ufleba, gaecnos braldebis mxaris
mtkicebulebebs .......................................................................185
3. I. 4. 9. 10. 1. zogadi mimoxilva ...........................................185
3. I. 4. 9. 10. 2. dacvis mxarisaTvis braldebulis
sasamarTloSi pirvel wardgenamde saqmis masalebis
gacnobis uzrunvelyofa .......................................................189
3. I. 4. 9. 10. 2. a. aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebisas
saqmis masalebis dacvis mxarisaTvis gacnoba ................189
3. I. 4. 9. 10. 2. b. aRkveTis RonisYZYiebis sakiTxis
ganxilvisas saqmis masalebis dacvis mxarisaTvis
gadacemis SeYzRudva ................................................................191
3. I. 4. 9. 10. 3. braldebis mxaris mier dacvis mxarisaTvis
gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebis gadacemis
valdebuleba ............................................................................192
3. I. 4. 9.11. mxareTa mier saqmis masalebis gacvla ...........195
3. I. 4. 9.11. 1. braldebis mxaris mier dacvis mxarisaTvis
saqmis masalebis gasacnobad gadacema ..............................195
3. I. 4. 9.11. 2. dacvis mxaris mier saqmis masalebis
braldebis mxarisaTvis gadacema ........................................198
3. I. 4. 9.11. 3. dacvis mxarisaTvis saqmis masalebis
gacnobis SezRudva .................................................................199
3. I. 4. 9.11. 4. saqmis masalebze mxareTa wvdomis
forma .........................................................................................201
20
3. I. 4. 9.11. 5. saqmis masalebis gacvlis dro ....................202
3. I. 4. 9.11. 6. SesaZlo mtkicebulebaTa Taobaze
informaciis gacvlisas dacvis mxaris sagamonakliso
ufleba ........................................................................................205
3. I. 5. sasamarTlo ...............................................................................206
3. I. 5. 1. sasamarTlo etapi .....................................................206
zogadi mimoxilva ....................................................................206
3. I. 5. 2. sasamarTlo sistema .................................................207
3. I. 5. 2. 1.zogadi mimoxilva ..................................................207
3. I. 5. 2. 2. sasamarTlos damoukidebloba ........................208
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. sagnobrivi damoukidebloba .........................209
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1. saxelmwifo xelisuflebisagan
damoukidebloba ......................................................................209
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1. a. aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisagan
damoukidebloba ......................................................................209
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1.b. sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebisagan
damoukidebeloba ....................................................................210
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1. g. mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba TviT
sasamarTlo xelisuflebisagan ..........................................210
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1. g.1. amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa
da germaniaSi arsebuli normebi da praqtika
mosamarTleTaTvis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis
Taobaze ......................................................................................211
zogadi mimoxilva ...................................................................211
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1. g. 2. saqarTveloSi saerTo sasamarTloebis
mosamarTleebisaTvis arsebuli saxelmZRvanelo
winadadebebi da rekomendaciebi ........................................213
21
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 2. mosamarTlis mier damoukideblad
gadawyvetilebis miRebis SezRudvis saproceso
kodeqsiT dadgenili calkeuli SemTxvevebi ..................216
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 3. partiuli damoukidebloba ......................217
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 4. mosamarTle neitraluri (miukerZoebeli)
procesis monawile ..................................................................217
3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 5. sasamarTlos damoukidebloba
sazogadoebisagan ....................................................................219
3. I. 5. 2. 2. b. mosamarTleTa pirovnuli
damoukidebloba ......................................................................221
3. I. 5. 2. 2. g. mosamarTleTa Sinagani
damoukidebloba ......................................................................223
3. I. 5. 2. 3. sasamarTlo, rogorc marTlmsajulebis
ganmaxorcielebeli organo mosamarTleTa monopolia
gadawyvetilebis miRebaze ....................................................224
3. I. 5. 2. 3. a. sasamarTlo xelisuflebis
ganmaxorcielebeli organoebi ...........................................224
3. I. 5. 2. 3. b. sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis
formebi ......................................................................................224
3. I. 5. 2. 4. kanonieri mosamarTlis garantia ....................225
3. I. 5. 2. 5. sasamarTlos gansjadoba sasamarTlos
sagnobrivi da teritoriuli gansjadoba ........................228
3. I. 5. 2. 5. a. sasamarTlos sagnobrivi gansjadoba ........229
3. I. 5. 2. 5. b. sasamarTlo teritoriuli
gansjadoba ................................................................................231
3. I. 5. 2. 5. g. gamonaklisebi teritoriuli da sagnobrivi
sasamarTlo gansjadobidan ................................................232
3. I. 5. 2. 5. d. sasamarTlo gansjadobis Secvla
saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis SemTxvevaSi (sssk-is 21-e
muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebi) ..............................................232
22
3. I. 5. 2. 5. e. moYZravi gansjadoba. sasamarTlo
gansjadobis Secvla dazaralebulTa da mowmeTa
umravlesobis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT an sxva
mizeziT, romelic dakavSirebulia naklebi saproceso
xarjebis gawevasTan ................................................................233
3. I. 5. 2. 5. v. teritoriuli da sagnobrivi sasamarTlo
gansjadobis Secvlis wesi ....................................................233
3. I. 5. 2. 5. z. dava teritoriul gansjadobaze ................234
3. I. 5. 2. 6. saerTo sasamarTloebis sistema, struqtura,
Semadgenloba da uflebamosileba .....................................235
3. I. 5. 2. 6. a.zogadi mimoxilva ..............................................235
3. I. 5. 2. 6. b. pirveli instanciis sisxlis samarTlis
sasamarTlos Semadgenloba ................................................236
3. I. 5. 2. 6. g. magistrati mosamarTle .................................236
3. I. 5. 2. 6. d. magistrati mosamarTlis teritoriuli
gansjadoba ................................................................................236
3. I. 5. 2. 6. e. sasamarTlos roli gamoYZiebis
procesSi ....................................................................................237
3. I. 5. 2. 6. v. magistrati mosamarTlis saqmianoba ..........239
3. I. 5. 2. 6. z. magistrati mosamarTlis kompetencia ......241
3. I. 5. 2. 7. sasamarTlo xelisufleba. sasamarTlo
sistema da organizacia .........................................................243
3. I. 5. 2. 7. a. marTlmsajuleba, rogorc sasamarTlo
xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis erT-erTi forma .........243
3. I. 5. 2. 7. b. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo .................244
3. I. 5. 2. 7. b. 1. zogadi mimoxilva .........................................244
3. I. 5. 2. 7. b. 2. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa ganmxilveli
pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo .......................................243.
23
I. 5. 2. 7. b. 3. pirveli instanciis wesiT sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeTa ganxilva kolegiurad, sami
mosamarTlos SemadgenlobiT ............................................246
3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. gasaCivrebis instancia ...................................246
3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 1. saapelacio sasamarTlo .............................246
3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 2. saapelacio sasamarTlo sistema da
struqtura ................................................................................248
3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 2. a. saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeTa palata ...................................................248
3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 2. b. saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeTa palatis Semadgenloba ......................249
3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 3. sakasacio sasamarTlo. saqarTvelos
uzenaesi sasamarTlo .............................................................250
3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 3. a. uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis
samarTlis saqmeTa palata ....................................................250
3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 3. b. uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi
palata .........................................................................................251
cxrili .......................................................................................252
3. I. 6. saqarTvelos prokuratura da misi damxmare organoebi ...............................................................................................254
3.I.6.1. prokuraturis samarTlebrivi statusi
prokuratura da misi damxmare organoebi ......................254
zogadi mimoxilva ....................................................................254
3.I.6.1. a. diskusiebi samecniero literaturaSi
prokuraturis samarTlebriv mdgomareobaze ...............255
3.I.6.1. b. prokuraturis samarTlebrivi statusi dRes
moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT ......................................................257
3.1.6.2 iusticiis ministris kompetencia prokuraturis
saqmianobasTan mimarTebaSi .................................................258
24
3.I.6. 3. prokuraturis ierarqiuli sistema .....................259
3.I.6. 3. a. miTiTebaTa forma da saxeebi: .............................259
3.I.6. 3. b. miTiTebaTa SezRudvebi ........................................261
3.I.6. 4. prokuraturis devoluciis da substituciis
ufleba ........................................................................................262
iusticiis ministris ufleba prokuraturidan
gamoiTxovos saqmis masalebi ...............................................264
3.I.6. 5. iusticiis ministrisa da mTavari prokuroris
erToblivi saqmianoba ............................................................265
3.I.6. 6. mTavari prokurori ...................................................265
3.I.6. 7.prokuraturis procesualuri saqmianoba da misi
umniSvnelovanesi amocanebi kanonis Sesabamisad
(de lege) ........................................................................................267
3.I.6. 8. prokuraturis roli gamoZiebis procesSi ........268
3.I.6. 9. prokuraturis valdebuleba daiwyos
gamoZieba ....................................................................................269
3.I.6. 10. prokuratura, rogorc gamoZiebis da
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis procesis
`batoni~ ....................................................................................270
3.I.6. 11. prokuroris diskreciuli uflebamosileba
sisxlissamarTlebriv devnaze ............................................272
3.I.6. 11. a. diskreciis moculoba .........................................272
3.I.6. 11. b. prokuroris mier diskreciuli
uflebamosilebis gamoyeneba ..............................................273
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. garemoebebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen
braldebis aRZvraze ..............................................................273
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. a. mtkicebulebiTi testi ...............................275
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. sajaro interesis testi ............................276
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. a. piris dasjis interesi .............................276
25
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. b. saxelmwifos samarTlebrivi
prioritetebi ...........................................................................276
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. g. danaSaulis buneba da simZime ...............277
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. d. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis
prevenciuli gavlena .............................................................277
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. e. piris braleulobis xarisxi ..................277
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. v. piris kriminaluri warsuli ..................278
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. z. gamoZiebasTan TanamSromlobis
survili ......................................................................................278
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. T. pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi ...................278
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. i. mosalodneli sasjeli msjavrdebis
SemTxvevaSi an sxva Sedegi .....................................................278
3.I.6. 11. b. 1. g. prokuroris mier devnis dawyebisas
mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis standarti sisxlis
samarTlis politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebis
Sesabamisad ................................................................................281
3.I.6. 12. devnis ardawyebis an Sewyvetis gadawyvetilebis
gasaCivreba ................................................................................281
3.I.6. 13. prokuroris acileba ..............................................282
3.I.6. 14. prokuraturis damxmare organoebi -
sagamoZiebo organoebi ..........................................................283
3.I.6. 15. sagamoZiebo organoTa saqmianoba .......................285
3.I.6. 16. magistrati mosamarTle gamoZiebis
procesSi ...................................................................................287
3.I.6. 16. a. magistrati mosamarTlis funqciebi
gamoZiebis procesSi da prokuraturasTan misi
urTierToba ..............................................................................287
3.I.6. 16. b. magistrati mosamarTlis roli gamoZiebis
stadiaze ....................................................................................289
26
3.I.6. 17. prokuroris amocanebi da funqciebi
(de facto) ......................................................................................291
3. I. 7. mowmis instituti.mowmis ufleba-movaleobani. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba. mowmis mier Cvenebis micemis Sefaseba. mowmis Cvenebis sarwmunooba ................................................292
3. I. 7. 1. potenciuri mowme da mowmis cneba ......................292
3. I. 7. 1. a. potenciuri mowme ................................................... 292
3. I. 7. 1. b. mowmis cneba da misi samarTlebrivi
mdgomareoba .............................................................................293
3. I. 7. 1. g. mowmis unarebi ........................................................293
3. I. 7. 1. g. a. yru-munjis dakiTvis wesi ................................294
3. I. 7. 1. g. b. mZYimed daavadebulis dakiTxva ......................294
3. I. 7. 1. g. g. bavSvebi, rogorc mowme ...................................295
3. I. 7. 2. gamoZiebis procesSi potenciuri mowmisagan
informaciis miRebisa da mowmis dakiTxvis wesi ............295
3. I. 7. 2. a. potenciuri mowmis gamokiTxva .........................295
3. I. 7. 2. a.a. gamosakiTx pirTa wre ........................................297
3. I. 7. 2. a.b. gamokiTxvis oqmi da misi samarTlebrivi
Sedegebi ......................................................................................297
3. I. 7. 2. b. mowmis saxiT dakiTxva uSualod prokurorisa
da gamomZieblis mier (sssk-is 332-e muxli, gardamavali
debulebebi. dakiTxvis droebiTi wesi) ............................298
3. I. 7. 2. g. mowmis Cvenebis deponireba ..............................301
3. I. 7. 2. g.a mowmis deponirebuli Cveneba. mowmis dakiTxva
magistrat mosamarTlesTan mxaris Suamdgomlobis
safuZvelze ..............................................................................301
3. I. 7. 2. g. b. mxareTa monawileoba mowmis
dakiTxvisas ...............................................................................303
27
3. I. 7. 2. g. d. deponirebuli Cvenebis gamoqveyneba da misi
samarTlebrivi Sedegebi .......................................................305
3. I. 7. 3. mowmisa da procesis sxva monawilis rolebis
SeTavseba ....................................................................................306
3. I. 7. 6. braldebuli, rogorc mowme sakuTar
procesSi ....................................................................................307
3. I. 7. 6. a. braldebuli, rogorc mowme saqmis arsebiTi
ganxilvisas ...............................................................................308
3. I. 7. 6. b. gamoZiebis procesSi braldebulis dakiTxvis
wesi...............................................................................................310
3. I. 7. 6. g. braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemis
samarTlebrivi Sefaseba ........................................................312
3. I. 7. 7. mowmis ufleba-movaleobani ..................................313
3. I. 7. 7. a. mowmis sasamarTloSi gamocxadebis
valdebuleba.............................................................................313
3. I. 7. 7. b. simarTlis Sesabamisi Cvenebis (simarTlis
Tqmis) micemis valdebuleba ................................................314
3. I. 7. 7. g. mowmis mier ficis dadebis valdebuleba .......314
3. I. 7. 8. dakiTxvis warmoebis wesi ........................................315
3. I. 7. 8. a. mcirewlovani mowmis dakiTxvis wesi ...............316
3. I. 7. 8. b. arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxvis wesi .........317
3. I. 7. 8. g. seqsualuri eqspluataciisa da seqsualuri
Zaladobis mowme arasruwlovnis dakiTxvis audio- an
video Cawera ..............................................................................320
3. I. 7. 8. d. srulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva .........................321
3. I. 7. 9. braldebisa da dacvis mowmeebi .............................322
evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis mesame nawilis
`d~ qvepunti ...............................................................................322
28
3. I. 7. 10. mowmis avtonomiuri cneba adamianis uflebaTa
evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis
mixedviT .....................................................................................323
3. I. 7. 11. iribi mowme ...............................................................326
mosmenilis gadmocema (hearsay) ............................................326
3. I. 7.12. anonimuri mowme ........................................................330
3. I. 7.13. piri, romelic ar aris valdebuli iyos mowme 335
3. I. 7.13. a. zogadi mimoxilva .................................................335
3. I. 7.13. b. mowmis mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis
uflebis samarTlebriv-politikuri
safuZvlebi ................................................................................336
1. mowmis dacva ..........................................................................336
2. individualur-konfliqturi situaciis Tavidan
acileba ......................................................................................336
3. msxverpli - mowmis dacva ...................................................336
4. saidumloebis dacva ...........................................................337
3. I. 7.13. g. ganmartebis valdebuleba .................................342
3. I. 8. eqsperti ........................................................................343
3. I. 8. 1. eqspertis cneba da misi samarTlebrivi
mdgomareoba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi .....................343
3. I. 8. 2. eqspertis amocanebi ..................................................346
3. I. 8. 2. a. adamianis sxeulSi Careva .....................................346
3. I. 8. 2. b. specialuri codnis, gamocdilebis gacnoba
gaziareba....................................................................................346
3. I. 8. 2. g. faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgena ...................347
3. I. 8. 2. d. faqtebis Sefaseba ( daskvnis gakeTeba) ..........347
3. I. 8. 3. gansxvaveba eqspertsa da faqtobriv
garemoebebis mcodne mowmes (TviTmxilvel mowmes)
Soris ...........................................................................................348
29
3. I. 8. 3. 1. mowme- eqsperti, eqsperti-mowme .....................348
3. I. 8. 3. 1. a. eqsperti-mowme ....................................................348
3. I. 8. 3. 1. b. mowme-eqsperti ...................................................349
3. I. 8. 4. eqspertis acileba ...................................................350
3. I. 8. 5. eqspertizis daniSvnis safuZveli da eqspertis
SerCeva ........................................................................................352
3. I. 8. 6. eqspertis ufleba- movaleobani ..........................355
3. I. 8. 6. a. eqspertis uflebebi ..............................................355
3. I. 8. 6. b. eqspertis movaleobebi ........................................356
3. I. 8. 7. eqspertis mier eqspertizis Catarebaze uaris
Tqma ..............................................................................................358
3. I. 8. 8. eqimi-eqsperti ............................................................358
3. I. 8. 9. eqspertizis Catarebis vadebi ...............................359
3. I. 8. 10. piris samedicino dawesebulebaSi
moTavseba. .................................................................................359
3. I. 8. 10. a. piris Seuracxaobis sakiTxis
gamokvleva .................................................................................359
3. I. 8. 10. b. piris samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis
gadawyvetileba ........................................................................360
3. I. 8. 10. g. samedicino dawesebulebaSi piris yofnis vada
362
3. I. 8. 11. piris sxeulis gamokvleva. organuli kvalis
aReba da misi analizi .............................................................363
3. I. 8. 12. eqspertis daskvna ....................................................364
eqspertizis daskvnis Sefaseba ...........................................364
gamoyenebuli literatura .....................................................366