Tamar laliaSvili

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis procesi

zogadi nawili

Tbilisi, 2015

gamomcemloba `iuristebis samyaro~

redaqtori iza kelenjeriZe

iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis sisxlis samarTlis mimarTulebis doqtoranti.

saqarTvelos universitetis samarTlis skolis sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis saproceso samarTlis leqtori

ISBN 978-9941-9406-8-2

© gamomcemloba “iuristebis samyaro”, 2015

© Tamar laliaSvili, 2015

yvela ufleba daculia. am wignis arc erTi nawili ( es iqneba teqsti, foto ilustracia Tu sxva) aranairi formiT da saSualebiT (iqneba es eleqtronuli Tu meqanikuri), ar SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas saavtoro uflebis subieqtebis werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe.

saavtoro uflebis darRveva isjeba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT

gamomcemloba “iuristebis samyaro”Tbilisi, m.kostavas #75; tel:. 238 35 99; 557 51 51 34

E-mail: Lawyers.world@yahoo.com;https://www.facebook.com/Publishinghouselawyersworld

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avtorisagan

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, qarTvelma xalxma arCevani dasavlur Rirebulebebze gaakeTa. demokratia, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacva da kanonis uzenaesoba - es is saerTo Rirebulebebia, rasac evrokavSiri efuZneba da ris dasamkvidrebladac ukve or aTwleulze metia saqarTvelo miiswrafvis. es procesi Seuqcevadia. am xnis manZilze, saqarTvelos parlamentis mier ratificirebul iqna araerTi saerTaSoriso konven-cia da aqti (maT Soris adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad Ta-visuflebaTa dacvis evropis konvencia, samoqalaqo da po-litikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqti). „partniorobi-sa da TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb” SeTanxmebiT, saqarTvelo „evropuli samezoblo politikis” partnior qveynad iqca , 2014 wels ki xeli moewera saqarTvelo-evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis SeTanxmebas, riTac saqarTvelo evrokavSiris urTierTobebis Tvisobrivad axal sibrtyeSi gadavida. sa-qarTvelo-evrokavSiris dRis wesrigiT gansazRvrul iqna prioritetebi, romelTa Sorisaa aseve sisxlis samarTlis procesis reformireba, kerZod, sisxlis samarTlis pro-cesSi mxareebis Tanasworobis, aseve marTlmsajulebis damoukideblobis, efeqtianobis, miukerZoeblobisa da profesionalizmis gazrda, damoukidebeli da efeqtiani gamoZiebisa da samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufle-bis uzrunvelyofa.

tradiciulad, 2004 wlamde, saqarTvelos sisxlis sa-marTlis saproceso kodeqsi orientirebuli iyo konti-nenturevropul sisxlis samarTlis saproceso sistemaze. procesis fuZemdeblur principebs warmoadgendnen le-galurobis, inkviziciurobis, materialuri WeSmaritebis dadgenis principebi. 2004 wlidan, e.w. „vardebis revolu-ciis“ Semdeg, Seicvala qveynis politikuri mimarTuleba. qarTulma sisxlis samarTalma ganicada arsebiTi cvli-lebebi sisxlis samarTlis politikis sferoSi. sisxlis samarTlis procesis reformirebis kuTxiT saqarTvelo

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arCevanis winaSe dadga: angloamerikuli Tu kontinentur- evropuli samarTlis sistema? sisxlis samarTlis pro-cesi Seicvala angloamerikuli sistemis mimarTulebiT. angloamerikuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis ideebma, fuZemdeblurma pricipebma, Tavisi asaxva hpova saqarTve-los sisxlis marTlis saproceso kodeqsSi. 2009 wels miRe-bul iqna saproceso kodeqsi, romlis fundamenturi prin-cipebia diskreciulobis, adversarobis (mxareTa Seji-brebiTobisa da Tanasworobis), formaluri WeSmaritebis dadgenis principebi. dReisaTvis, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis procesi adversarul process warmoadgens da angloamerikul sisxlis samarTlis proceszea orienti-rebuli.

wigni SesaZleblobas aZlevs mkiTxvels, gaecnos sa-qarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis procesis samarTlebriv safuZvlebs, procesis miznebsa da amocanebs, procesis stadiebsa da maT warmoebas. wigni mkiTxvels aseve sTavaz-obs, gaecnos saqarTvelos konstituciiT, evropuli kon-venciiT, samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb paqtiTa da sxva saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT gaTvaliswi-nebul, adaminis fundamentur uflebaTa da Tavisufle-baTa damcav, sisxlis samarTlis procesis fuZemdeblur principebs. kerZo da sajaro interesebi, (koleqtiuri da individualuri interesi) arsad ise Zlierad erTmaneTs ar upirispirdeba, rogorc sisxlis samarTlis procesSi. kanonis mier dadgenil farglebSi am interesTa Sefaseba tipiuria saxelmwifosa da kerZo pirebis urTierTobisa-Tvis, swored amitom sisxlis samarTlis process saxel-mwifos konstituciis seismografs uwodeben. wignSi moce-mulia angloamerikuli da kontinenturevropuli sisxlis samarTlis procesis sistemebis ZiriTad principTa Seda-rebiT analizi, maT Soris msgavseba da gansxvaveba. wignSi gaanalizebulia sisxlis samarTlis principTa konkuren-cia da konfliqti, ganmartebulia mTel rig principTa upiratesoba procesis sxva principebTan mimarTebaSi, mag. rogoricaa dauSvebel mkicebulebaTa principis upirate-

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soba WeSmaritebis dadgenis principTan. wignSi, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos prcedentuli samarT-lis gaTvaliswinebiT, ganxilulia, iZulebiT RonisZie-baTa gamoyenebisaTvis mniSvnelovani winapirobebi da sisxlis samarTlis proceSi adamianis uflebaTa SezRud-vis dasaSvebobis farglebi.

winamdebare naSromi aseve moicavs sisxlis samarT-lis procesis ZiriTadi institutebis mimoxilvas. masSi, evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis, aseve saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasasamarTlos gadawyveti-lebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, warmodgenilia saproceso ko-deqsSi arsebuli xarvezebi, problematuri sakiTxebi da SemoTavazebulia maTi gadaWris gzebi.

wigni did daxmarebas gauwevs rogorc studentebs, ro-melTac sTavazobs sisxlis samarTlis procesis safuZ-vlebis Seswavlas, aseve praqtikos - iuristebs, romelTac SesaZlebloba eqnebaT, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT, gaiRr-mavon Teoriuli codna da gamoiyenon naSromi praqtika-Si arsebuli problemebis gadasaWrelad iseT sakiTxebze, mag. rogoricaa konfliqti braldebulis miTiTebebis Ses-rulebis valdebulebasa da misi interesebis damcvelis mier, braldebulis miTiTebebis gareSe SemuSavebul dac-vis taqtikas Soris. wigni mkiTxvels sTavazobs, gamoZiebis procesSi, saqmisaTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis mqone pirisagan informaciis miRebis procesiT dadgenili gze-bisa da saSualebebis, miRebuli informaciis samarTle-brivi Sedegebis detalur analizs, mowmis sandoobasa da misi Cvenebis sarwmunoebis Sefasebis kriteriumebs.

gansakuTrebuli madliereba minda gamovxato germa-niis akademiuri gacvlis samsaxuris (DAAD) , kaTolikuri akademiuri gacvlis samsaxuris (KAAD) mimarT, romelTac SesaZlebloba momces wignze memuSava kiolnis universi-tetSi, aseve maqs-plankis saxelobis sazRvargareTis qvey-nebisa da saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis institutSi.

gansakTrebuli madloba minda gadavuxado ivane ja-

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vaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universite-tis iuridiuli fakultetis sisxlis samarTlis mimarTu-lebis doqtorants, saqarTvelos universitetis samarT-lis skolis leqtors, germaniis akademiuri gacvliTi samsaxuris stipendiants, qalbaton iza kelenjeriZes, romelmac wignze muSaobisas warmodgenili winadadebebi-Ta da SeniSvnebiT xeli Seuwyo am naSromis gamocemas.

aseve gansakuTrebuli madliereba minda gamovxato yvela Cems ucxoel da qarTvel kolegas mimarT, romel-Ta mxardaWeram da diskusiebma, maT mier gamoTqmulma Se-niSvnebma da winadadebebma xeli Seuwyo wignis srulyofas.

Tamar laliaSvili

samarTlis doqtori, profesori, 2015 wlis ivnisi

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redaqtorisagan

2009 wlis 9 oqtombers, saqarTvelos xelisuflebam mi-iRo axali (dRes moqmedi) sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelmac wina saproceso kodeqsisgan (saubaria 1998 wlis 20 Tebervals miRebul saproceso kodeqsze) gansxvavebuli normebi Semoitana. moqmedi saproceso ko-deqsiT, qveynis samarTlebriv sivrceSi sruliad axali terminebi da fuZemdebluri principebi Semovida. bunebri-via, sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi saWiroebs axali, moqmed normebTan SesabamisobaSi myofi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnas da ukve arsebuli iuridiuli literaturis ganaxlebasac. am mxriv, winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo marTlac umniSvne-lovanesia, vinaidan, igi zedmiwevniT zustad da srulad asaxavs saproceso normebis cvlilebebs da mkiTxvels aZlevs saSualebas Tavad gaakeTos Sedarebebi Zvel da mo-qmed kanonmdeblobebTan.

saxelmZRvaneloSi didi yuradReba eTmoba sisxlis sa-marTlis procesis principebs, rogorc procesis warmmar-Tvels da qvakuTxeds. mocemulia am principebis mniSvne-loba TiToeuli sagamoZiebo Tu saproceso moqmedebis Catarebisas da mxareTa ufleba-movaleobebis dadgenis kuTxiT; naSromSi aseve didi yuradReba eTmoba procesis TiToeuli monawilis statuss, maTi uflebamosilebis sazRvrebs da maT mier saproceso normebis ganuxrelad dacvas samarTliani procesis uzrunvelyofis mizniT; mo-cemulia sagamoZiebo moqmedebebis Catarebis sruli sura-Ti da ganxilulia is problemebi, rac maT srulyofilad CatarebaSi gviSlis xels. am mxriv, avtori erovnuli Tu ucxo qveynebis sasamarTlo praqtikis Seswavlis safuZ-velze gvaZlevs rekomendaciebs arsebuli normebis dax-vewis da axali normebis SemuSavebis kuTxiT.

naSromis originaluroba mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi srulad asaxavs im cvlilebebs, rac mowmis statusma ga-nicada axal realobaSi; rogorc viciT, mowmis statusi eqspertTan, specialistTan, TarjimanTan da uSualod

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TviTmxilvel mowmesTan erTad, dazaralebuls da bral-debulsac gaaCnia. am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom avtori avlebs paralelebs dazaralebul mowmes, bralde-bul mowmesa da sxva mowmes Soris, kerZod, gveqmneba sru-li suraTi imis Taobaze, Tu rodis moqmedebs braldebuli procesSi rogorc dacvis mxare da rodis, rogorc mowme, vinaidan am ori mimarTulebiT misi uflebrivi mdgomareo-ba gansxvavebulia.

naSromi mkveTr gamijvnas axdens winaswar gamoZieba-sa da sisxlissamarTlebriv devnas Soris, axdens ra Ti-Toeuli stadiis reglamentaciis Taviseburebebs da maT mniSvnelobas sasamarTlo ganxilvis warmoebisTvis; avto-ri guldasmiT ekideba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis daw-yebisa da Sewyvetis safuZvlebs da am kuTxiT praqtikaSi arsebul problemebsac warmoaCens, rac udaod misasal-mebelia. naSromSi gamoyenebulia uaxlesi evropuli da amerikuli literatura, rac kidev ufro zrdis mis Ri-rebulebas da masSi mocemuli sakiTxebis srulyofilad Seswavlis saSualebas gvaZlevs.

vfiqrob, winamdebare naSromi did daxmarebas gauwevs iuridiuli fakultetis studentebs, praqtikos Tu mec-nier-iuristebs da sisxlis samarTlis procesis proble-mebiT dainteresebul adamianebs.

iza kelenjeriZeiv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis sisxlis samarTlis mimarTulebis doqtoranti, saqarTvelos

universitetis samarTlis skolis sisxlis samarTlisa da sisxlis saproceso samarTlis leqtori

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10

sarCevi

avtorisagan .................................................................. 3

redaqtorisagan ......................................................... 7

nawili 1 .......................................................................... 32

I. sisxlis samarTlis procesis cneba, arsi da miznebi. sisxlis samarTlis procesis warmoeba .....................................................................................................32

1.I.1. materialuri sisxlis samarTali da sisxlis samarTlis procesi ..........................................................................32

1.I. 2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis cneba ........................34

1.I. 3. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi, miznebi da amocanebi ..................................................................................................35

1.I. 3. a. sisxlis samarTlis procesis arsi .........................35

1.I. 3. b. procesis amocanebi .....................................................35

1.I. 3. g. sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznebi ...................38

1.I. 3. g. 1. gamoZiebis, sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnisa da

marTlmsajulebis wesebis dadgena ......................................38

1.I. 3. g. 2. sisxlis samarTlis procesis sxva miznebi.

sisxlis samarTlis procesis miznebis kompleqsuri

xasiaTi ..........................................................................................40

1.I. 3. g. 3. WeSmaritebis (simarTlis ) dadgena. ..................41

1.I. 3. g. 4. samarTlebrivi mSvidobis aRdgena .....................42

1.I. 3. g. 5. konfliqti procesis miznebs Soris ..................42

1.II. sisxlis samarTlis procesis moculoba ...............44

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1.II. 1. sisxlis samarTlis procesis etapebis zogadi mimoxilva ..................................................................................................44

1.II. 2. gamoZiebis dawyebis winare procesi. gamoYZiebis dawyebis winare etapi ......................................44

1.II. 3. gamoZiebisa da sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis etapi ..............................................................................................................46

1.II. 3. a. gamoZiebis etapi ...........................................................46

gamoYZYiebis dawyeba .....................................................................46

1.II. 3. b. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis etapi .....................47

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyeba ..............................47

1.II. 3. b. 1. piris dakaveba ..........................................................47

1.II. 3. b. 2. prokuroris dadgenileba piris braldebis

Sesaxeb ...........................................................................................48

pPiris braldebis dadgenileba ..............................................50

1. informaciuli funqcia ......................................................50

2. SezRudvis funqcia ..............................................................51

gansxvaveba gamoZiebasa da devnas Soris ............................51

1.II. 3. g. braldebulis pirveli wardgena sasamarTloSi.

braldebulis sasamarTloSi pirveli wardgenis

sxdoma ...........................................................................................54

1.II. 3.d. gamoZiebis dasrulebisa da informaciis

(saqmis masalebis) sasamarTlosaTvis gadacemis etapi

winasasamarTlo sxdomis Casatareblad ...........................55

1.II. 4. winasasamarTlo sxdomis Catarebis etapi ......56

1.II. 5. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilva ...............................................59

1.II. 5. a. saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis Semadgeneli

nawilebi .......................................................................................59

1.II. 5. b. ZiriTadi sasamarTlo sxdoma ..................................61

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1.II. 6. gasaCivrebis etapi ................................................................63

1.II. 6. a. ganaCenis gasaCivreba saapelacio wesiT ...............63

1.II. 6. b. saapelacio sasamarTlos ganaCenis gadasinjva

sakasacio wesiT ..........................................................................65

1.II. 6. g. ganaCenis gadasinjva axlad gamovlenil

garemoebaTa gamo. Suamdgomloba axlad gamovlenil

garemoebaTa gamo .......................................................................67

1.II. 7. ganaCenis aRsrulebasTan dakavSirebuli procesi .......................................................................................................67

ganaCenis aRsasruleblad miqceva .......................................67

1.III. sisxlis samarTlis procesis samarTlebrivi wyaroebi .....................................................................................................69

1.III. 1. zogadi mimoxilva .................................................................69

1.III. 2. saqarTvelos kanonebi da sxva normatiuli aqtebi ...........................................................................................................69

1.III. 3. sisxlis saproceso samarTlis sxva wyaroebi .....................................................................................................70

1.III. 3. a. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa

dacvis konvencia (SemdgomSi adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli konvencia) evropuli konvencia, rogorc

sisxlis samarTlis procesis samarTlebrivi

wyaro ............................................................................................71

1.III. 3. b. adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa

dacvis konvenciis adgili saqarTvelos

kanonmdeblobaSi .....................................................................73

1.III. 4. saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTali ........................74

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1.III. 5. sisxlis samarTlis procesi da saqarTvelos konstitucia ..........................................................................................75

nawili 2 .......................................................................... 80

2. I. sisxlis samarTlis procesis principebizogadi mimoxilva .............................................................................80

2. I. 1. procesis dawyebis principebi procesis dawyebis principebia: ....................................................................80

2. I. 2. procesis warmoebis principebi procesis warmoebis principebia: ................................................................81

2. I. 3. mtkicebulebaTa principebi mtkicebulebaTa principebia: ............................................................................................81

2. I. 4. procesis formis principebi ......................................82

2. I. 4. 1. legalurobisa da oficialurobis principi

(ex officio) .......................................................................................83

saxelmwifos mier samsaxurebrivad gamoZiebis dawyebis

valdebulebis principi...........................................................83

2. I. 4. 2. diskreciulobis principi ......................................85

2. I. 4. 2. a. diskreciulobis principi amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebis sisxlis samarTlis procesis

Sesabamisad ..................................................................................87

2. I. 4. 2. b. diskreciulobis principi saqarTvelos

saproceso kodeqsis Sesabamisad ..........................................92

gamoZiebis dawyebis safuZYvlebi ...........................................93

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis

safuZYvlebi ..................................................................................94

2. I. 4. 2. g. prokuroris diskreciuli uflebis kanoniT

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dadgenili SezRudvebi ............................................................96

2. I. 4. 2. d. braldebulis ufleba - gaasaCivros

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis

gaWianureba ...............................................................................97

2. I. 4. 2. e. dazaralebulis kontroli devnis

dawyebaze ....................................................................................98

2. I. 4. 2. v. saproceso kodeqsiT dadgenili sxva

garemoebebi, romelic zRudavs prokuroris

diskrecias ..................................................................................99

2. I. 4. 3. braldebis aRZvris (wayenebis) principi

akuzatoruli principi (sssk-is me-17 muxli) .................100

2. I. 4. 3. a. mokle istoriuli mimoxilva ............................100

2. I. 4. 3. b. braldebis aRZvris (wayenebis) principi ........101

2. I. 4. 4. kanonieri mosamarTlis principi ........................104

2. I. 4. 5. WeSmaritebis dadgenis principi ..........................106

2. I. 4. 6. pirovnebis Rirsebis xelSeuvalobis

principi ....................................................................................108

2. I. 4. 6. a. normis gamoyenebis sfero ..................................108

2. I. 4. 6. b. normis adresatebi ...............................................109

2. I. 4. 6. g. dauSvebeli meTodebi, romelic laxavs

procesis monawileTa Rirsebas ..........................................109

2. I. 4. 7. udanaSaulobisa da Tavisuflebis prezumfcia

(konstituciis me-40 muxlis pirveli punqti, evropuli

konvenciis me-6 muxlis me-2 nawili,

sssk-is me-5 muxli) ...................................................................110

2. I. 4. 8. yvela eWvis braldebulis sasargeblod

gadawyvetis principi in dubio pro reo konstituciis me-40

muxlis me-3 punqti, sssk–is me-5 muxli ..............................111

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2. I. 4. 9. adamianis konstituciur uflebaTa da

TavisuflebaTa aramarTlzomieri SezRudvis

dauSveblobis da sisxlis samarTlis procesSi piradi

cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis principi (konstituciis

me-18, me-20 muxlebi, sssk-is me- 6-7 muxlebi) ..................113

2. I. 4. 10. samarTliani procesis principi (konstituciis

42-e muxli, sssk-is me-8 muxli) ............................................115

2. I. 4. 11. swrafi marTlmsajulebis principi

(sssk-is me-8 muxlis me-2 nawili) .......................................117

2. I. 4.12. mxareTa Tanasworobisa da SejibrebiTobis

principi (konstituciis 85-e muxlis me-3 punqti,

sssk-is me-9 muxli) ...................................................................119

2. I. 4.12. a. zogadi mimoxilva ................................................119

2. I. 4.12. b. SejibrebiTi procesis kritika .......................123

2. I. 4.13. sajaroobisa da zepirobis, sisxlis samarTlis

saqmis saxelmwifo enaze ganxilvis principebi

(konstituciis 85-e muxli, sssk-is me-10, me-11, me-14

muxlebi) .....................................................................................124

2. I. 4.13. a.zepirobis principi ..............................................124

2. I. 4.13. b. sajaroobis principi ..........................................125

2. I. 4.14. kanonierebisa da sasamarTlos

damoukideblobis principi .................................................126

2. I. 4.15. sasamarTlos damoukidebloba ...........................128

2. I. 4.16. ganmeorebiT dakavebisa da msjavrdebis

akrZalvis principi ne bis in idem (konstituciis 42-e

muxlis me-4 punqti, sssk-is me-18 muxli) ..........................129

2. I. 4.17. mtkicebulebaTa principebi

(sssk-is me-13 muxli) ...............................................................130

2. I. 4.17. a. mtkicebulebaTa Sefaseba Sinagani rwmenis

safuZvelze ...............................................................................131

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2. I. 4.18. uSualobisa da zepirobis principi (sssk-is 14-e

muxli) .........................................................................................133

2. I. 4.19. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis principi (sssk-is

me-15 muxli) ..............................................................................135

3. nawili ...................................................................... 137

3. I. sisxlis samarTlis procesis monawileni da maTi samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba ...................................137

3. I. 1. procesis monawileni. braldebulisa da misi advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba ......137zogadi mimoxilva ...........................................................................137

3. I. 2. inkviziciuri da adversaruli (SejibrebiTi) procesi .....................................................................................................138

3. I. 2. a. inkviziciuri procesi .............................................138

3. I. 2. b. adversaruli procesi .............................................139

3. I. 3. braldebuli. braldebulis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba .........................................................................................140

3. I. 3. a. braldebulis statusis formaluri da

materialuri mniSvneloba ....................................................140

3. I. 3. b. braldebuli, rogorc procesis subieqti .......141

3. I. 3. g. braldebuli, rogorc saxelmwifos iZulebis

obieqti .......................................................................................142

3. I. 3. d. braldebulis procesualuri uflebebi

zogadi mimoxilva ....................................................................143

3. I. 3. d.1. braldebulis aqtiuri roli sisxlis

samarTlis procesSi ...............................................................143

braldebulis uflebebi, romelic mas procesis aqtiur

monawiled aqcevs ....................................................................143

17

3. I. 3. d.1. a. samarTliani mosmenis ufleba .......................143

3. I. 3. d.1. b. braldebulis sxva uflebebi: ........................144

3. I. 3. d. 2. sisxlis samarTlis procesSi braldebulis

pasiuri roli ...........................................................................146

3. I. 3. d.3. braldebulis interesebis damcveli

advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba ..........................148

3. I. 3. d. 3. a. braldebulis interesebis damcveli

advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba angloamerikul

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi...............................................148

3. I. 3. d. 3. b. braldebulis interesebis damcveli

advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba

kontinenturevropul sisxlis samarTlis procesSi

(germaniis saproceso kanonmdeblobis magaliTze) .....150

3. I. 3. d. 3. g. braldebulis interesebis damcveli

advokatis samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis procesSi ..............................................151

3. I. 4. dacva. dacvis saxeebi ........................................................153

3. I. 4. 1. savaldebulo dacva .................................................153

3. I. 4. 2. usaxsro braldebulis (msjavrdebulis)

moTxovnis safuYZYvelze damcvelis daniSvnis

valdebuleba.............................................................................156

3. I. 4. 3. braldebuli(msjavrdebuli) , romelsac ar

Seswevs TviTdacvis ganxorcielebis unari ....................157

3. I. 4. 4. SeTanxmebiT dacvisas braldebulisaTvis

damatebiT, savaldebulo wesiT damcvelis daniSvnis

winapirobebi ............................................................................157

3. I. 4. 5. dacva saxelmwifos xarjze ....................................159

3. I. 4. 5. a. zogadi mimoxilva .................................................159

18

3. I. 4. 5. b. saxelmwifos xarjze dacvis samarTlebrivi

safuZvlebi ................................................................................161

3. I. 4. 5. g. saxelmwifos xarjze advokatis SerCevisa da

daniSvnis wesi ..........................................................................162

3. I. 4. 5. d. saxelmwifos xarjze dacvisas

braldebulisaTvis advokatis daniSvnis moTxovnis

uflebis mqone subieqtebi ....................................................163

3. I. 4. 6. dacva SeTanxmebiT. braldebulis mier

advokatis ayvana ......................................................................163

3. I. 4. 7. sakuTari Tavis dacva (TviTdacva) ......................164

3. I. 4. 8. interesTa SeuTavsebloba, mravaljeradi

dacvis akrZalva .......................................................................166

3. I. 4. 8. 1.zogadi mimoxilva ..................................................166

3. I. 4. 8. 2. advokatis mier profesiuli funqciebis

Sesrulebisas warmoSobili interesTa (kolizia)

winaaRmdegoba erTsa da imave saqmeSi ...............................167

3. I. 4. 9. advokatis ufleba-movaleobebi. profesiul

saqmianobisa da damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofa.

profesiuli saidumloebis dacva ......................................169

3. I. 4. 9. 1.zogadi mimoxilva ..................................................169

3. I. 4. 9. 2. dacvis strategia da braldebulis piradi

miTiTebebi .................................................................................170

3. I. 4. 9. 3. braldebulis advokatis ufleba-

movaleobebi ..............................................................................173

advokatis cneba .......................................................................173

3. I. 4. 9. 4. braldebulisaTvis (klientisaTvis)

iuridiuli (samarTlebrivi) rCevis micema .....................174

3. I. 4. 9. 5 profesiuli saidumloebis dacva ....................175

3. I. 4. 9. 6. advokatis urTierToba braldebulTan ........176

19

3. I. 4. 9. 7. advokatis saqmianoba sisxlis samarTlis

procesSi ....................................................................................177

3. I. 4. 9. 8. braldebulis interesebis damcveli

advokatis sisxlis samarTlis procesSi monawileobis

gamomricxavi garemoebebi. acileba ...................................182

3. I. 4. 9. 9. sasamarTloSi advokatis daswrebis

ufleba ........................................................................................183

3. I. 4. 9. 10. advokatis ufleba, gaecnos braldebis mxaris

mtkicebulebebs .......................................................................185

3. I. 4. 9. 10. 1. zogadi mimoxilva ...........................................185

3. I. 4. 9. 10. 2. dacvis mxarisaTvis braldebulis

sasamarTloSi pirvel wardgenamde saqmis masalebis

gacnobis uzrunvelyofa .......................................................189

3. I. 4. 9. 10. 2. a. aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebisas

saqmis masalebis dacvis mxarisaTvis gacnoba ................189

3. I. 4. 9. 10. 2. b. aRkveTis RonisYZYiebis sakiTxis

ganxilvisas saqmis masalebis dacvis mxarisaTvis

gadacemis SeYzRudva ................................................................191

3. I. 4. 9. 10. 3. braldebis mxaris mier dacvis mxarisaTvis

gamamarTlebeli mtkicebulebis gadacemis

valdebuleba ............................................................................192

3. I. 4. 9.11. mxareTa mier saqmis masalebis gacvla ...........195

3. I. 4. 9.11. 1. braldebis mxaris mier dacvis mxarisaTvis

saqmis masalebis gasacnobad gadacema ..............................195

3. I. 4. 9.11. 2. dacvis mxaris mier saqmis masalebis

braldebis mxarisaTvis gadacema ........................................198

3. I. 4. 9.11. 3. dacvis mxarisaTvis saqmis masalebis

gacnobis SezRudva .................................................................199

3. I. 4. 9.11. 4. saqmis masalebze mxareTa wvdomis

forma .........................................................................................201

20

3. I. 4. 9.11. 5. saqmis masalebis gacvlis dro ....................202

3. I. 4. 9.11. 6. SesaZlo mtkicebulebaTa Taobaze

informaciis gacvlisas dacvis mxaris sagamonakliso

ufleba ........................................................................................205

3. I. 5. sasamarTlo ...............................................................................206

3. I. 5. 1. sasamarTlo etapi .....................................................206

zogadi mimoxilva ....................................................................206

3. I. 5. 2. sasamarTlo sistema .................................................207

3. I. 5. 2. 1.zogadi mimoxilva ..................................................207

3. I. 5. 2. 2. sasamarTlos damoukidebloba ........................208

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. sagnobrivi damoukidebloba .........................209

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1. saxelmwifo xelisuflebisagan

damoukidebloba ......................................................................209

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1. a. aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebisagan

damoukidebloba ......................................................................209

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1.b. sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebisagan

damoukidebeloba ....................................................................210

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1. g. mosamarTleTa damoukidebloba TviT

sasamarTlo xelisuflebisagan ..........................................210

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1. g.1. amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa

da germaniaSi arsebuli normebi da praqtika

mosamarTleTaTvis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis

Taobaze ......................................................................................211

zogadi mimoxilva ...................................................................211

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 1. g. 2. saqarTveloSi saerTo sasamarTloebis

mosamarTleebisaTvis arsebuli saxelmZRvanelo

winadadebebi da rekomendaciebi ........................................213

21

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 2. mosamarTlis mier damoukideblad

gadawyvetilebis miRebis SezRudvis saproceso

kodeqsiT dadgenili calkeuli SemTxvevebi ..................216

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 3. partiuli damoukidebloba ......................217

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 4. mosamarTle neitraluri (miukerZoebeli)

procesis monawile ..................................................................217

3. I. 5. 2. 2. a. 5. sasamarTlos damoukidebloba

sazogadoebisagan ....................................................................219

3. I. 5. 2. 2. b. mosamarTleTa pirovnuli

damoukidebloba ......................................................................221

3. I. 5. 2. 2. g. mosamarTleTa Sinagani

damoukidebloba ......................................................................223

3. I. 5. 2. 3. sasamarTlo, rogorc marTlmsajulebis

ganmaxorcielebeli organo mosamarTleTa monopolia

gadawyvetilebis miRebaze ....................................................224

3. I. 5. 2. 3. a. sasamarTlo xelisuflebis

ganmaxorcielebeli organoebi ...........................................224

3. I. 5. 2. 3. b. sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis

formebi ......................................................................................224

3. I. 5. 2. 4. kanonieri mosamarTlis garantia ....................225

3. I. 5. 2. 5. sasamarTlos gansjadoba sasamarTlos

sagnobrivi da teritoriuli gansjadoba ........................228

3. I. 5. 2. 5. a. sasamarTlos sagnobrivi gansjadoba ........229

3. I. 5. 2. 5. b. sasamarTlo teritoriuli

gansjadoba ................................................................................231

3. I. 5. 2. 5. g. gamonaklisebi teritoriuli da sagnobrivi

sasamarTlo gansjadobidan ................................................232

3. I. 5. 2. 5. d. sasamarTlo gansjadobis Secvla

saproceso SeTanxmebis dadebis SemTxvevaSi (sssk-is 21-e

muxlis me-2 da me-3 nawilebi) ..............................................232

22

3. I. 5. 2. 5. e. moYZravi gansjadoba. sasamarTlo

gansjadobis Secvla dazaralebulTa da mowmeTa

umravlesobis adgilsamyoflis mixedviT an sxva

mizeziT, romelic dakavSirebulia naklebi saproceso

xarjebis gawevasTan ................................................................233

3. I. 5. 2. 5. v. teritoriuli da sagnobrivi sasamarTlo

gansjadobis Secvlis wesi ....................................................233

3. I. 5. 2. 5. z. dava teritoriul gansjadobaze ................234

3. I. 5. 2. 6. saerTo sasamarTloebis sistema, struqtura,

Semadgenloba da uflebamosileba .....................................235

3. I. 5. 2. 6. a.zogadi mimoxilva ..............................................235

3. I. 5. 2. 6. b. pirveli instanciis sisxlis samarTlis

sasamarTlos Semadgenloba ................................................236

3. I. 5. 2. 6. g. magistrati mosamarTle .................................236

3. I. 5. 2. 6. d. magistrati mosamarTlis teritoriuli

gansjadoba ................................................................................236

3. I. 5. 2. 6. e. sasamarTlos roli gamoYZiebis

procesSi ....................................................................................237

3. I. 5. 2. 6. v. magistrati mosamarTlis saqmianoba ..........239

3. I. 5. 2. 6. z. magistrati mosamarTlis kompetencia ......241

3. I. 5. 2. 7. sasamarTlo xelisufleba. sasamarTlo

sistema da organizacia .........................................................243

3. I. 5. 2. 7. a. marTlmsajuleba, rogorc sasamarTlo

xelisuflebis ganxorcielebis erT-erTi forma .........243

3. I. 5. 2. 7. b. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo .................244

3. I. 5. 2. 7. b. 1. zogadi mimoxilva .........................................244

3. I. 5. 2. 7. b. 2. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa ganmxilveli

pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo .......................................243.

23

I. 5. 2. 7. b. 3. pirveli instanciis wesiT sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeTa ganxilva kolegiurad, sami

mosamarTlos SemadgenlobiT ............................................246

3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. gasaCivrebis instancia ...................................246

3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 1. saapelacio sasamarTlo .............................246

3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 2. saapelacio sasamarTlo sistema da

struqtura ................................................................................248

3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 2. a. saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeTa palata ...................................................248

3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 2. b. saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeTa palatis Semadgenloba ......................249

3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 3. sakasacio sasamarTlo. saqarTvelos

uzenaesi sasamarTlo .............................................................250

3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 3. a. uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeTa palata ....................................................250

3. I. 5. 2. 7. g. 3. b. uzenaesi sasamarTlos didi

palata .........................................................................................251

cxrili .......................................................................................252

3. I. 6. saqarTvelos prokuratura da misi damxmare organoebi ...............................................................................................254

3.I.6.1. prokuraturis samarTlebrivi statusi

prokuratura da misi damxmare organoebi ......................254

zogadi mimoxilva ....................................................................254

3.I.6.1. a. diskusiebi samecniero literaturaSi

prokuraturis samarTlebriv mdgomareobaze ...............255

3.I.6.1. b. prokuraturis samarTlebrivi statusi dRes

moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT ......................................................257

3.1.6.2 iusticiis ministris kompetencia prokuraturis

saqmianobasTan mimarTebaSi .................................................258

24

3.I.6. 3. prokuraturis ierarqiuli sistema .....................259

3.I.6. 3. a. miTiTebaTa forma da saxeebi: .............................259

3.I.6. 3. b. miTiTebaTa SezRudvebi ........................................261

3.I.6. 4. prokuraturis devoluciis da substituciis

ufleba ........................................................................................262

iusticiis ministris ufleba prokuraturidan

gamoiTxovos saqmis masalebi ...............................................264

3.I.6. 5. iusticiis ministrisa da mTavari prokuroris

erToblivi saqmianoba ............................................................265

3.I.6. 6. mTavari prokurori ...................................................265

3.I.6. 7.prokuraturis procesualuri saqmianoba da misi

umniSvnelovanesi amocanebi kanonis Sesabamisad

(de lege) ........................................................................................267

3.I.6. 8. prokuraturis roli gamoZiebis procesSi ........268

3.I.6. 9. prokuraturis valdebuleba daiwyos

gamoZieba ....................................................................................269

3.I.6. 10. prokuratura, rogorc gamoZiebis da

sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis procesis

`batoni~ ....................................................................................270

3.I.6. 11. prokuroris diskreciuli uflebamosileba

sisxlissamarTlebriv devnaze ............................................272

3.I.6. 11. a. diskreciis moculoba .........................................272

3.I.6. 11. b. prokuroris mier diskreciuli

uflebamosilebis gamoyeneba ..............................................273

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. garemoebebi, romlebic gavlenas axdenen

braldebis aRZvraze ..............................................................273

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. a. mtkicebulebiTi testi ...............................275

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. sajaro interesis testi ............................276

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. a. piris dasjis interesi .............................276

25

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. b. saxelmwifos samarTlebrivi

prioritetebi ...........................................................................276

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. g. danaSaulis buneba da simZime ...............277

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. d. sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis

prevenciuli gavlena .............................................................277

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. e. piris braleulobis xarisxi ..................277

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. v. piris kriminaluri warsuli ..................278

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. z. gamoZiebasTan TanamSromlobis

survili ......................................................................................278

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. T. pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi ...................278

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. b. i. mosalodneli sasjeli msjavrdebis

SemTxvevaSi an sxva Sedegi .....................................................278

3.I.6. 11. b. 1. g. prokuroris mier devnis dawyebisas

mtkicebulebaTa Sefasebis standarti sisxlis

samarTlis politikis saxelmZRvanelo principebis

Sesabamisad ................................................................................281

3.I.6. 12. devnis ardawyebis an Sewyvetis gadawyvetilebis

gasaCivreba ................................................................................281

3.I.6. 13. prokuroris acileba ..............................................282

3.I.6. 14. prokuraturis damxmare organoebi -

sagamoZiebo organoebi ..........................................................283

3.I.6. 15. sagamoZiebo organoTa saqmianoba .......................285

3.I.6. 16. magistrati mosamarTle gamoZiebis

procesSi ...................................................................................287

3.I.6. 16. a. magistrati mosamarTlis funqciebi

gamoZiebis procesSi da prokuraturasTan misi

urTierToba ..............................................................................287

3.I.6. 16. b. magistrati mosamarTlis roli gamoZiebis

stadiaze ....................................................................................289

26

3.I.6. 17. prokuroris amocanebi da funqciebi

(de facto) ......................................................................................291

3. I. 7. mowmis instituti.mowmis ufleba-movaleobani. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba. mowmis mier Cvenebis micemis Sefaseba. mowmis Cvenebis sarwmunooba ................................................292

3. I. 7. 1. potenciuri mowme da mowmis cneba ......................292

3. I. 7. 1. a. potenciuri mowme ................................................... 292

3. I. 7. 1. b. mowmis cneba da misi samarTlebrivi

mdgomareoba .............................................................................293

3. I. 7. 1. g. mowmis unarebi ........................................................293

3. I. 7. 1. g. a. yru-munjis dakiTvis wesi ................................294

3. I. 7. 1. g. b. mZYimed daavadebulis dakiTxva ......................294

3. I. 7. 1. g. g. bavSvebi, rogorc mowme ...................................295

3. I. 7. 2. gamoZiebis procesSi potenciuri mowmisagan

informaciis miRebisa da mowmis dakiTxvis wesi ............295

3. I. 7. 2. a. potenciuri mowmis gamokiTxva .........................295

3. I. 7. 2. a.a. gamosakiTx pirTa wre ........................................297

3. I. 7. 2. a.b. gamokiTxvis oqmi da misi samarTlebrivi

Sedegebi ......................................................................................297

3. I. 7. 2. b. mowmis saxiT dakiTxva uSualod prokurorisa

da gamomZieblis mier (sssk-is 332-e muxli, gardamavali

debulebebi. dakiTxvis droebiTi wesi) ............................298

3. I. 7. 2. g. mowmis Cvenebis deponireba ..............................301

3. I. 7. 2. g.a mowmis deponirebuli Cveneba. mowmis dakiTxva

magistrat mosamarTlesTan mxaris Suamdgomlobis

safuZvelze ..............................................................................301

3. I. 7. 2. g. b. mxareTa monawileoba mowmis

dakiTxvisas ...............................................................................303

27

3. I. 7. 2. g. d. deponirebuli Cvenebis gamoqveyneba da misi

samarTlebrivi Sedegebi .......................................................305

3. I. 7. 3. mowmisa da procesis sxva monawilis rolebis

SeTavseba ....................................................................................306

3. I. 7. 6. braldebuli, rogorc mowme sakuTar

procesSi ....................................................................................307

3. I. 7. 6. a. braldebuli, rogorc mowme saqmis arsebiTi

ganxilvisas ...............................................................................308

3. I. 7. 6. b. gamoZiebis procesSi braldebulis dakiTxvis

wesi...............................................................................................310

3. I. 7. 6. g. braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemis

samarTlebrivi Sefaseba ........................................................312

3. I. 7. 7. mowmis ufleba-movaleobani ..................................313

3. I. 7. 7. a. mowmis sasamarTloSi gamocxadebis

valdebuleba.............................................................................313

3. I. 7. 7. b. simarTlis Sesabamisi Cvenebis (simarTlis

Tqmis) micemis valdebuleba ................................................314

3. I. 7. 7. g. mowmis mier ficis dadebis valdebuleba .......314

3. I. 7. 8. dakiTxvis warmoebis wesi ........................................315

3. I. 7. 8. a. mcirewlovani mowmis dakiTxvis wesi ...............316

3. I. 7. 8. b. arasrulwlovani mowmis dakiTxvis wesi .........317

3. I. 7. 8. g. seqsualuri eqspluataciisa da seqsualuri

Zaladobis mowme arasruwlovnis dakiTxvis audio- an

video Cawera ..............................................................................320

3. I. 7. 8. d. srulwlovani mowmis dakiTxva .........................321

3. I. 7. 9. braldebisa da dacvis mowmeebi .............................322

evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis mesame nawilis

`d~ qvepunti ...............................................................................322

28

3. I. 7. 10. mowmis avtonomiuri cneba adamianis uflebaTa

evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis

mixedviT .....................................................................................323

3. I. 7. 11. iribi mowme ...............................................................326

mosmenilis gadmocema (hearsay) ............................................326

3. I. 7.12. anonimuri mowme ........................................................330

3. I. 7.13. piri, romelic ar aris valdebuli iyos mowme 335

3. I. 7.13. a. zogadi mimoxilva .................................................335

3. I. 7.13. b. mowmis mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis

uflebis samarTlebriv-politikuri

safuZvlebi ................................................................................336

1. mowmis dacva ..........................................................................336

2. individualur-konfliqturi situaciis Tavidan

acileba ......................................................................................336

3. msxverpli - mowmis dacva ...................................................336

4. saidumloebis dacva ...........................................................337

3. I. 7.13. g. ganmartebis valdebuleba .................................342

3. I. 8. eqsperti ........................................................................343

3. I. 8. 1. eqspertis cneba da misi samarTlebrivi

mdgomareoba sisxlis samarTlis procesSi .....................343

3. I. 8. 2. eqspertis amocanebi ..................................................346

3. I. 8. 2. a. adamianis sxeulSi Careva .....................................346

3. I. 8. 2. b. specialuri codnis, gamocdilebis gacnoba

gaziareba....................................................................................346

3. I. 8. 2. g. faqtobrivi garemoebebis dadgena ...................347

3. I. 8. 2. d. faqtebis Sefaseba ( daskvnis gakeTeba) ..........347

3. I. 8. 3. gansxvaveba eqspertsa da faqtobriv

garemoebebis mcodne mowmes (TviTmxilvel mowmes)

Soris ...........................................................................................348

29

3. I. 8. 3. 1. mowme- eqsperti, eqsperti-mowme .....................348

3. I. 8. 3. 1. a. eqsperti-mowme ....................................................348

3. I. 8. 3. 1. b. mowme-eqsperti ...................................................349

3. I. 8. 4. eqspertis acileba ...................................................350

3. I. 8. 5. eqspertizis daniSvnis safuZveli da eqspertis

SerCeva ........................................................................................352

3. I. 8. 6. eqspertis ufleba- movaleobani ..........................355

3. I. 8. 6. a. eqspertis uflebebi ..............................................355

3. I. 8. 6. b. eqspertis movaleobebi ........................................356

3. I. 8. 7. eqspertis mier eqspertizis Catarebaze uaris

Tqma ..............................................................................................358

3. I. 8. 8. eqimi-eqsperti ............................................................358

3. I. 8. 9. eqspertizis Catarebis vadebi ...............................359

3. I. 8. 10. piris samedicino dawesebulebaSi

moTavseba. .................................................................................359

3. I. 8. 10. a. piris Seuracxaobis sakiTxis

gamokvleva .................................................................................359

3. I. 8. 10. b. piris samedicino dawesebulebaSi moTavsebis

gadawyvetileba ........................................................................360

3. I. 8. 10. g. samedicino dawesebulebaSi piris yofnis vada

362

3. I. 8. 11. piris sxeulis gamokvleva. organuli kvalis

aReba da misi analizi .............................................................363

3. I. 8. 12. eqspertis daskvna ....................................................364

eqspertizis daskvnis Sefaseba ...........................................364

gamoyenebuli literatura .....................................................366