Similarities and differencies in values in the MENA-region
25 August, 2016American University
Beirut
WVS
Bi Puranen World Values Survey, Institute for Future Studies
Funding of the 6th wave for the Mena region
• Phase 1: Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, Palestine, Turkey and Qatar
• Phase 2: Tunisia, Yemen, Libya, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain
• Phase 3: Jordan, Saudi Arabia*, Lebanon, Algeria and Iraq
*For various reasons it was not possible to conduct the study in Saudi
The WVSA Agreement for Silatech
WVS has already invested approximately $300,000 in surveys in the MENA region for this Wave. Of these, five surveys (Egypt, Morocco, Pakistan, PalesGne, Turkey and Qatar) are completed. Six more (for Tunisia, Yemen, Libya, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain) are funded, but fieldwork is not yet completed (August 2013).
1. Silatech has agreed to support this Wave so five addiGonal countries – Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Algeria and Iraq -‐-‐ can be included (see Table 1, Annex 1) resulGng in the total comparison of 16 MENA socieGes, making this Wave one of the most comprehensive surveys in the MENA region
2. In recogniGon of Silatech’s contribuGon, WVSA has agreed to include a module of up to twenty (20) quesGons to the survey in MENA countries for which the fieldwork has yet to be undertaken, as more fully described in Annex 1, and in accordance with WVSA’s approval process.
3. Silatech Module QuesGons: The ParGes agree that the module containing Silatech’s addiGonal quesGons will be included on the survey instruments of at least ten (10) of the eleven (11) Arab countries for which the fieldwork has yet to be undertaken (which include Tunisia, Yemen, Libya, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Algeria and Iraq).
4. Access to Data: Silatech, as with other supporGng partners, will receive access to the common pooled dataset as soon as each country’s data is cleaned and deposited.
5. WVSA Cultural Change Report: WVSA will generate and publish a short report on cultural change in the MENA region, in conjuncGon with local scholars. Silatech may distribute this report for any non-‐commercial purposes. The report shall include the statement of collaboraGon and Silatech’s logo.
WVS sample, 6th wave
Arabic Countries, n= 16.400, 13 countries
Algeria, Jordan, Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq,
Morocco, Tunisia, Qatar, Yemen, Kuwait, Bahrain,
Libya
Muslim non Arabic Countries, n= 9.289,
21 Muslim countries in total
Uzbekistan, Turkey, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan,
Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan
Other Countries, n=55.472
39 countries
Sweden, Netherland, Germany, Spain, Cyprus, New
Zealand, Australia, Slovenia, Argentina, Hong
Kong, China, South Korea, Chile, Uruguay,
Ecuador, Brazil, Philippines, Mexico, United States,
Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, Romania, Belarus,
Armenia, Russia, Estonia, Poland, Ukraine,
Trinidad, Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Ghana, South Africa
!
0 %
14 %
28 %
42 %
56 %
70 %
1999-2004 2005-2009 2010-2014
Iraq Jordan Lebanon Algeria Morocco EgyptTOTAL WEST TOTAL WORLD
Emancipative Values MENA- time series
WORLD
WEST
Source: WVS, Wave 4 to 6 1999-2014
Lebanon
MoroccoEgyptIraqJordan
0
7
14
21
28
35
0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1.0
Iraq Jordan Lebanon EgyptYemen Morocco TOTAL MENA TOTAL WORLDTOTAL WEST
MENA – Emancipative Values
• Autonomy• Equality• Choice• Voice
Source: WVS, Wave 6, 2010-2014
0 %
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
50 %
Obedience -1 0 1 Independence
Iraq Jordan Lebanon Egypt YemenMorocco TOTAL MENA TOTAL WEST TOTAL WORLD
Jordan
Morocco
Iraq
Lebanon
Autonomy Index, MENA:from Obedience to Independence
Yemen
EgyptWORLD
WEST
Source: WVS, Wave 6, 2010-2014
(V19+V21)-(V12+V18) Important child qualities: Religious Faith+Obedience vs. Independence+Determination, Perseverance
MENA
Economic Worries and Insecurity in the MENA region
Grey is missing variable in the country. % worried (% very much/ % great deal).
Questions in the Silatech ModuleIf you had your preference, in which of the following
would you prefer to work?
• In the Public Sector
• In a Private Company
• Starting my own business
0%
12%
24%
36%
48%
60%
Public Sector
Private Sector
Self employed
Tunisia
Algeria
Yemen
Lebanon
Jordan
TOTAL
Kuwait
Iraq
Bahrain
In which of the following sectors would you prefer to work?
Iraq Kuwait Algeria TunisiaYemen Lebanon Jordan BahrainTOTAL
© IFFS 2016
15
Employment Composition by Sector in the MENA region 2005-2010
9
10
22
22
27
33
37
22
91
12
12
14
11
23
1
5
30
40
32
25
27
31
73
79
48
38
32
37
17
31
5
4
Yemen
Morocco
Palestine
Tunisia
Egypt
Jordan
Iraq
UAE Expatriates
UAE Nationals
Public Wage Earner Private Formal Wage Earner Private Informal Wage EarnerSelf-employed and Unpaid
Source: Cited from A Political Economy of the Middle East, A. Richards and J. Waterbury, 4th Edition, 2015
Questions in the Silatech Module
How widespread is:• Corruption within businesses in your country
• Corruption is within the government in your country
• Is the level of corruption in your country higher or lower than it was five years ago?
• Is the government of your country doing enough to fight corruption
• Do you know people who give a bribe/present to solve their problems which are supposed to be for free
And:
Public percepGons of corrupGon in business and government
Respondents answered the ques>ons “How widespread do you think that corrup>on is within businesses/ government in your country. 10 points scale from 1-‐ None/low corrup>on to 10-‐ High corrup>on was divided in 5 categories.
How widespread is corruption within businesses in your country
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
LOW SOMEWHAT HIGH
Tunisia Yemen Algeria KuwaitIraq Lebanon Bahrain JordanTOTAL
LOW = (1-3), SOMEWHAT=(4-7), HIGH=(8-10)
Tunisia
AlgeriaYemen
LebanonJordan
TOTAL
Kuwait
Iraq
Bahrain
How widespread is corruption within the government in your country
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
LOW SOMEWHAT HIGH
Tunisia Yemen Algeria KuwaitIraq Lebanon Bahrain JordanTOTAL
LOW = (1-3), SOMEWHAT=(4-7), HIGH=(8-10)
0 %
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
50 %
Never Rarely Often Very Often
Algeria Jordan Lebanon TunisiaYemen Bahrain Kuwait TOTAL
Jordan
Tunisia
Bahrain
Lebanon
Have you last year given a bribe to receive service that is supposed to be free?
Yemen
Algeria
Source: WVS, Wave 6, 2010-2014, Sillatech Battery Question MN-228Q
Sillatech Battery Question MN-228Q
© IFFS 2016
Kuwait
Questions in the Silatech Module
• Microfinance Institution
• Commercial Bank
• Public Bank
• Friends or Family
• Informal Savings and Lending Association (e.g. Jamiyat)
• Credit Supplier
Did you or family member borrow money last year? If Yes - from whom?
Questions in the Silatech Module
• Starting or Growing a Business
• Buying or Improving a Home
• Getting Married
• Household Purchases
• Emergencies
• Others
what was the money used for?
Questions in the Silatech ModuleWhat is most important with a formal
education system?
• To find employment
• To perform the jobs well
• To start a business
• Degree of satisfaction: Salary and benefits of your current primary job
• Degree of satisfaction: Opportunities for professional development/promotion in your current primary job
• Have you taken steps to start a business (by yourself/with others) during last year?
Questions in the Silatech Module
© IFFS 2015
28
Mena: Worries for a terrorist attack?
TunisiaYemen
LibyaQatar
IraqAlgeria
EgyptPakistanLebanonMorocco
JordanPalestine
TOTAL
0 % 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 %
12 %
22 %
23 %
30 %
10 %
7 %
11 %
10 %
6 %
9 %
9 %
2 %
0 %
15 %
25 %
23 %
12 %
16 %
18 %
11 %
12 %
13 %
8 %
8 %
7 %
2 %
22 %
25 %
26 %
14 %
32 %
36 %
24 %
18 %
32 %
11 %
13 %
22 %
6 %
51 %
28 %
28 %
44 %
42 %
40 %
54 %
60 %
49 %
72 %
70 %
69 %
92 %
Very much/a great deal Not much/not at all