Pecutan Kognitif © Cikgu Hamzah 2009
Science ProcessSkills –
Question No.8Question No.8
Page 10 - 17Page 10 - 17
Kemahiran membinaTable Of Content
“ T. O. C “Untuk memudahkan anda menjawab soalan
B8
What have changed?What is change?
What have changed?What is change?
Page 10Page 10
What is change? What have changed?
Page 10
watered
Not watered
Presence of Water
Fresh plant
Wilted plant
freshness of plant
What is change? What have changed?
Congratulation! Congratulation! TOCTOC have done. have done.
PMR 2008PMR 2008
How to convey the contents @ ideas
MA
S
MA
S
Page 10
1. Manipulated@ respondingresponding @ FixedFixed Variables
………………………. and …………………. Or
………………………. of ……………………….parameterparameter
Features0 ºC
20 cm³
20 cm²
40 ºCTemperature / suhuParameter ?
100 ºC
50 cm³ 100 cm³Volume / isipadu
40 cm²Area / keluasan
1 4 9Number / bilangan
red black whitecolour / warna
bright dimbrightness / kecerahan
0 A0 A 0.2 A0.2 AReading / bacaanReading / bacaan 0.4 A0.4 A
objectobject
Page 10
4. HypothesisHypothesis @ relationshiprelationship @ ConclusionConclusion.
Funny but honey
The ………….., the ……….. , the ………. the …………
The examples of comparative word.The examples of comparative word.
Longer @ shorterLonger @ shorterdarker @ brighterdarker @ brighterbigger @ smallerbigger @ smallerfaster @ slowerfaster @ slower
increase @ decreaseincrease @ decreasemore @ lessmore @ less
higher @ lowerhigher @ lowerrougher @ smootherrougher @ smoother
ComparativeComparativewordword
manipulatedmanipulatedvariablevariable
ComparativeComparativewordword
respondingrespondingvariablevariable
is similar to is similar toHypothesisHypothesis relationshiprelationship ConclusionConclusion
Page 10
5. Observation @ Comparison @ Comparison @ differencedifference
Funny but honey
The ………… (labelled ?) is ……………..than ………………
The examples of comparative word.The examples of comparative word.
Longer @ shorterLonger @ shorterdarker @ brighterdarker @ brighterbigger @ smallerbigger @ smallerfaster @ slowerfaster @ slower
increase @ decreaseincrease @ decreasemore @ lessmore @ less
higher @ lowerhigher @ lowerrougher @ smootherrougher @ smoother
RespondingRespondingVariableVariable
Object 1Object 1((labelled P))
ComparativeComparativewordword
Object 2Object 2(labelled Q)(labelled Q)
is similar to is similar toObservation Observation Comparison Comparison differencedifference
Page 10
7. Inference
Funny but honey
i. …..……………… because ………………….. keranaWhat have changed?
Apa yang berubah?Why it changed?Why it changed?Mengapa berubah?Mengapa berubah?
ii. ……………………. affects …………………………..mempengaruhi
Manipulated variableManipulated variable Responding variableResponding variable
Page 10
8.Operational definition for ………Definisi secara operasi bagi ….
Funny but honey
…..……………… is shown by …………………..ditunjukkan oleh
What to define?RespondingResponding
variablevariable
FunnyFunny but but Honey Honey
What is change? What have changed?
watered
Not watered
Presence of Water
Fresh plant
Wilted plant
freshness of plant
What is change? What have changed?
SSUUCCCECESSSS
lantailantai
TTIIAANNGG DindingDinding
atapatap
Berfikir secara berperingkat-peringkatBerfikir secara berperingkat-peringkat
dijadikan
Yang dapat Membantu semasa Peperiksaan.
Menfaatkan Soalan Anda.
Kemahiran membinaTable Of Content
“ T. O. C “Untuk memudahkan anda menjawab soalan
B8
Develop the skill in making the “ Table Of Contents “Page 12
What is change? What changed?
1.Diagram
2.Table
3.Graph
watered
Not watered
Presence of Water
fresh
wilted
freshness of plant
Under moving fan
Exposed to sunlight
condition
6.6 cm
7.8 cm
Position of the air bubble
Under moving fan
Exposed to sunlight
situation
6.6 cm
7.8 cm
Position of air bubble
What is change? What have changed?
What is change?
What is change?
What have changed?
What have changed?
Page 12
8
6
4
2
0
PMR 2008PMR 2008
What is change? What changed?
Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = Simple Sentence Structure )
(a)(a)InferenceInference
1m
Page 11
Plant Q wilted
……………….because …………………………………….water loses more than water absorb
pokok Q layu………………… kerana ………………………………………..air hilang lebih banyak dari air diserap
…………….…… ….affects…………………………
WhatWhat changedchanged
+ WhyWhyit changedit changed
What have changed?
Kehadiran airKehadiran air mempengaruhi Kesegaran pokokKesegaran pokok
watered
Not watered
Presence of Water
Plant P Fresh
Freshness of plant.
PMR 2008PMR 2008
Manipulated variableManipulated variable Manipulated variableManipulated variable
What is change? What have changed?
Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = Simple Sentence Structure )
(b) i.(b) i.
ManipulatedManipulatedvariablevariable
watered
Not watered
Presence of Water
……………….. and …………………..
Or …………………………………………
1m
1m
Page 11
PMR 2008PMR 2008
Fresh plant
Wilted plant
freshness of plant
What is change? What have changed?
Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = Simple Sentence Structure )
(b) ii.(b) ii.
respondingrespondingvariablevariable
…………….. and …………………..
Or …………………………………………
1m
1m
Fresh /segar
Wilted / layu
Freshness of plant.Kesegaran pokok
Page 11
watered
Not watered
Presence of Water
What is change? What changed?
Triple S Programme ( SSS ) = Simple Sentence Structure )
(b) iii.(b) iii.
fixedfixedvariablevariable
……….. Of …………..
1m
type of tree
Page 11
watered
Not watered
Presence of Water
Fresh plant
Wilted plant
freshness of plant
What is What is similar?similar?samesame
Under moving fan
Exposed to sunlight
condition
6.6 cm
7.8 cm
Position of the air bubble
What have changed?
Page 12Page 13
( d ) (i ) Predict the position of air bubble if the speed of fan is increase .
Ramalkan kedudukan gelembung udara jika kelajuan kipas bertambah.
the position of air bubble
is more than
increasebertambah
Kedudukan gelembung udara lebih dari 6.6 cm
PMR 2008PMR 2008What is change?
Under moving fan
Exposed to sunlight
condition
6.6 cm
7.8 cm
Position of the air bubble
What have changed?
Page 12Page 13
( d ) (ii ) State one hypothesis relating the speed of the fan
And the position of the air bubble . Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang menghubungkait
kelajuan kipas dengan kedudukan gelembung udara.
The ………. the …………….., the ………… the ……………………
speed of the fan
Longer @ shorterLonger @ shorter
bigger @ smallerbigger @ smallerfaster @ slowerfaster @ slower
increase @ decreaseincrease @ decreasemore @ lessmore @ less
higher @ lowerhigher @ lower
ComparativeComparativewordword
manipulatedmanipulatedvariablevariable
ComparativeComparativewordword
respondingrespondingvariablevariable
position of the air bubble
faster higher
PMR 2008PMR 2008What is change?
Under moving fan
Exposed to sunlight
condition
6.6 cm
7.8 cm
Position of the air bubble
What have changed?
Page 13
( e ) Define operationally the “ rate of transpiration “ . Definisikan secara operasi “ kadar transpirasi “.
rate of transpiration
PMR 2008PMR 2008
……………………….. is shown by …………………………..What to define ? responding variable
kadar transpirasi
……………………….. ditunjukkan oleh …………………………..
Apa yg hendak didefinisikan ?Pembolehubah bergblsKedudukan gelembung udara
What is change?
Excellence By Doing © Excellence By Doing © Cikgu HamzahCikgu Hamzah 20092009
Page 14Page 14
dijadikan
Yang dapat Membantu semasa Peperiksaan.
Supaya mendapat ?
sAhAbAt A A A
Kemahiran membinaTable Of Content
“ T. O. C “Untuk memudahkan anda menjawab soalan
B8
Develop the skill in making the “ Table Of Contents “
1.Diagram
2.Table
3.Graph
Page 14Page 14
Worn tyreWorn tyre
Soft surface
rough surface
type of surface
Tyre with thread
worn tyre
Condition of tyre
surface of The glasssurface of The table
Type of surface
4N
6N
Reading ofSpring balance
Type of surface Reading of Spring balance
What is change?
What is change?
What is change?
What have changed?
What have changed?
What have changed?
Manipulated variableManipulated variable Responding variableResponding variable
PP QQ
Page 14Page 14
Worn tyreWorn tyre
Page 15Page 15
(a)State one inference about the surface of tyre. Nyatakan satu inferens mengenai permukaan tayar-tayar itu.
………………………………………………… .because……………………………………………………………….more friction force acted on it.more friction force acted on it.
…………………………..affects ……………………………
What is change? What have changed?
Tyre QTyre Q
What have changed?What have changed?
Why it changed?Why it changed?
Manipulated variableManipulated variable responding variableresponding variable
Soft surface
rough surface
type of surface
Tyre with thread
worn tyre
Condition of tyre
worn
Tyre PTyre P
1m
1m
Worn tyreWorn tyre
( b) i. Based on the table, draw a bar chart to show the reading of spring in the three types of surface. Berdasarkan jadual 8.2, lukisakan carta bar untuk menunjukkan bacaan neraca spring dalam 3 jenis permukaan.
Remark / Catatan.1. Size of Bar – must same size
This answer Will be rejected.
notnot
Please draw the graphPlease draw the graph at page 14at page 14
( c) i. State the manipulated variable involved in this experiment.
Nyatakan pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan.
Soft surface
rough surface
type of surface
………………………….. and ………………………..
Or ………………… of ……………….
1m
What is change? What have changed?
Tyre with thread
worn tyre
Condition of tyre
PP QQ
1m
Worn tyreWorn tyre
( c) ii. State the responding variable involved in this experiment.
Nyatakan pembolehubah yang bergerakbalas.
Soft surface
rough surface
type of surface
……………………….. and ………………….
Or …… ……………….. Of …………………..1m
What is change? What have changed?
Tyre with thread
worn tyre
Condition of tyre
PP QQ
1m
Worn tyreWorn tyre
( c) iii. State the fixed variable involved in this experiment.
Nyatakan pembolehubah yang dimalarkan.
……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………..1m
type of tyre
size of tyre
What is change? What have changed?
Soft surface
rough surface
type of surface
Tyre with thread
worn tyre
Condition of tyre
PP QQ
What is What is similar?similar?samesamesamesame
1m
Worn tyreWorn tyre
surface of the glass
Type of surface
4N
6N Reading of
Spring balance
What is change?
What is change?
What have changed?
What have changed?
4N
6N
Reading of
Spring balance
surface of the glass
surface of the table
Type of surface
(d) i.Predict the reading of spring balance if the surface of table is covered with a grease..
Ramalkan bacaan neraca spring jika permukaan meja disapu gris.
……………………………………………………………………………
is less than
6N
Bacaan neraca spring lebih rendah dari 6 N
reading of spring balancereading of spring balance surface of tablesurface of table
surface of the table
grease
(d) ii. State one hypothesis relating the reading of spring balance and type of surface. Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang menghubungkaitkan antara bacaan neraca spring dengan jenis permukaan.
surface of the glass
surface of the table
type of surface
4
6
Reading of
Spring balance
What is change? What have changed?
The ………. the …………………, the ……….. the ………………..
reading of spring balance type of surface
semakin ………. …………, semakin …… ….……………..kasar
jenis permukaan
tinggi
bacaan neraca spring
Comparative Comparative wordword
Manipulated Manipulated variablevariable
Comparative Comparative wordword
Responding Responding variablevariable
hypothesishypothesis
Longer @ shorterLonger @ shorter
bigger @ smallerbigger @ smallerfaster @ slowerfaster @ slower
increase @ decreaseincrease @ decreaserougher @ smootherrougher @ smoother
higher @ lowerhigher @ lower
rougher
higher
surface of the glass
surface of the table
type of surface
4
6
Reading ofspring balance
What is change? What have changed?
(d) iii. Define operationally “ the friction “ Definasikan secara operasi bagi “ geseran “
………………….. is shown by ……………………………
geseran
………………….ditunjukkan oleh ……………………………bacaan neraca spring
the friction
What to define ? responding variable
(d) iii. Define operationally the ……………………….. Definasikan secara operasi bagi …………………….
………………… is shown by ……………………………
geseran
the friction
reading of spring balance
reading of air bubble
reading of thermometer
reading of ammeter
brightness of bulb volume of water loss
reading of spring balance
(d) iii. Define operationally the ……………………….. Definasikan secara operasi bagi …………………….
………………… is shown by ……………………………
rintangan
the resistance
reading of spring balance
reading of air bubble
reading of thermometer
reading of ammeter
brightness of bulb volume of water loss
reading of spring balance
(d) iii. Define operationally the ……………………….. Definasikan secara operasi bagi …………………….
………………… is shown by ……………………………
penyerapan haba
heat absorbtion
reading of spring balance
reading of air bubble
reading of thermometer
reading of ammeter
brightness of bulb volume of water loss
reading of spring balance
What is change? What have changed?
watered
Not watered
Presence of Water
Fresh plant
Wilted plant
freshness of plant
What is change? What have changed?
SSUUCCCECESSSS
+=
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