SET 11 An experiment is carried out to investigate the relationship between the concentration of
hydroxide ion, OH- with pH value of ammonia solution. Diagram 1 shows the pH value of ammonia solution which is measured using pH meter.Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menyiasat hubungan antara kepekatan ion hidroksida, OH- dengan nilai pH bagi larutan ammonia. Rajah 1 menunjukkan nilai pH bagi larutan ammonia yang diukur dengan menggunakan meter pH.
Set I Set II
Set III Set IV
Diagram 1Rajah 1
(a)Record the pH value to one decimal place of :Rekod nilai pH kepada satu titik perpuluhan bagi:
Set I : _________________
Set II : _________________
Set III : _________________
Set IV : _________________
[3 marks]
(b) Construct a table to record the pH value for ammonia solution in Set I, Set II, Set III and Set IV. Bina satu jadual untuk merekod nilai pH untuk larutan ammonia dalam Set I, Set II, Set III dan Set IV.
9.00
NH3 (aq)0.10 mol dm-3
8.68
NH3 (aq)0.01 mol dm-3
8.53
NH3 (aq)0.001 mol dm-3
8.01
NH3 (aq)0.0001 mol dm-3
[3 marks]
(c) State the relationship between the concentration of hydroxide ion, OH- and the pH value.Nyatakan hubungan antara kepekatan ion hidroksida, OH- dan nilai pH.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………...[3 marks]
(d) Predict the pH value if ammonia solution in Set I is replaced by sodium hydroxide solution with same concentration.Ramal nilai pH jika larutan ammonia dalam Set I digantikan dengan larutan natrium hidroksida dengan kepekatan yang sama.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….[3 marks]
(e) The following is some example of chemical substances used in daily life.Berikut adalah beberapa contoh bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam kehidupan harian.
Classify the chemical substances by completing Table 1. Kelaskan bahan-bahan kimia dengan melengkapkan Jadual 1.
Acidic substanceBahan berasid
Alkaline substanceBahan beralkali
Table 1Jadual 1
[3 marks]2. Table 1 shows the observations in three test tubes used to investigate the effect of other metals on rusting. A
mixture of jelly solution, potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), K3Fe(CN)6 solution and phenolphthalein were used as
medium in each test tube. The observations were recorded after one week.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan pemerhatian dalam tiga buah tabung uji yang digunakan untuk menyiasat kesan logam
lain ke atas pengaratan. Medium yang digunakan di dalam setiap tabung uji adalah campuran larutan agar-
agar. Larutan kalium heksasianoferat(III), K3Fe(CN)6 dan fenolftalein. Pemerhatian direkod selepas satu
minggu.
Toothpaste Vinegar Soft drinks Baking powderUbat gigi Cuka Minuman berkarbonat Serbuk penaik
Test tubeTabung
uji
Set-up of apparatusSusunan radas
ObservationPemerhatian
I
II
III
Table 1Jadual 1
a) Complete the observations in the Table 1 above.Lengkapkan pemerhatian dalam Jadual 1 di atas.
[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]
b) State one inference for each test tubes I, II and III.Nyatakan satu inferens untuk setiap tabung uji I, II dan III.
Iron nailPaku besi
Copper stripKepingan kuprum
Jelly solution + potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), K3Fe(CN)6 solution + phenolphthalein
Larutan agar-agar, larutan kalium heksasianoferat (III), K3Fe(CN)6
dan fenolftalein
Iron nailPaku besi
Zinc stripKepingan zink
Jelly solution + potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), K3Fe(CN)6 solution + phenolphthalein
Larutan agar-agar, larutan kalium heksasianoferat
Iron nailPaku besi
Magnesium ribbon
Jelly solution + potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), K3Fe(CN)6 solution + phenolphthalein
Larutan agar-agar, larutan kalium heksasianoferat (III), K3Fe(CN)6 dan fenolftalein
Test tube I:Tabung uji I:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………..
Test tube II:Tabung uji II:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………..
Test tube III:Tabung uji III:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]
c) State the hypothesis for the experiment.Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen tersebut.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]
d) For this experiment, stateBagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan
(i) The manipulated variable:Pembolehubah dimanipulasi:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) The responding variable:Pembolehubah bergerak balas:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) The constant variable: Pembolehubah dimalarkan:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]
e) State the operational definition for the rusting of iron nail.Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi pengaratan paku besi.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………
[ 3 marks ][ 3 markah ]
f) Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen.
Diagram 1Rajah 1
Predict an observation for the experiment after a week.
Jelly solution /Larutan agar-agar
+
Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III), K3Fe(CN)6
Larutan kalium heksasianoferat (III), K3Fe(CN)6
+
Phenolphthalein /fenolftalein
Iron nail coiled with lead stripPaku besi dililit dengan kepingan plumbum
Ramalkan pemerhatian daripada eksperimen itu selepas satu minggu.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks ][ 3 markah ]
3. Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus used to investigate the cleansing action of soap and detergent on a piece of cloth stained with oil. Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk menyiasat tindakan pembersihan sabun dan detergen pada pakaian yang dikotori minyak.
Experiment Apparatus Observation
I Oil stained removed
II Oil stained remains
Based on the above diagram, plan one laboratory experiment to compare the effectiveness of soap and detergent n hard water. Berdasarkan rajah di atas, rancang satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan keberkesanan sabun dan detergen dalam air liat.
Your planning should include the following aspects: Perancangan anda perlu mengikut aspek berikut:
(a) Problem statement / pernyataan masalah (b) All the variables / semua pembolehubah (c) Statement of the hypothesis / pernyataan hipotesis (d) List of substances and apparatus / senarai bahan dan radas (e) Procedure of the experiment / kaedah eksperimen (f) Tabulation of data / penjadualan data
[17 marks]
Iron woolWul besi
Bromine gasGas bromin
HeatPanaskan
Soda limeKapur soda
Iron woolWul besi
Iodine gasGas iodin
HeatPanaskan
Soda limeKapur soda
SET 2
1. Diagram 2 shows the set-up of apparatus for an experiment to compare the reactivity of halogen towards their
reactions with hot iron.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kereaktifan halogen dalam tindak balas mereka dengan besi panas.
Set-up of apparatusSusunan radas
Observation Pemerhatian
Experiment IEksperimen I 1. Iron wool glows brightly.
Wul besi berbara dengan terang.
2. …………………………………
………………………………….
Experiment IIEksperimen II
1. …………………………………
…………………………………
2. A brown solid is formed.Pepejal perang terhasil.
Experiment IIIEksperimen III
1. …………………………………
…………………………………
2. A brown solid is formedPepejal perang terhasil.
Iron woolWul besi
Chlorine gasGas klorin
HeatPanaskan
Soda limeKapur soda
Diagram 2Rajah 2
(a) Complete the observation for the reaction in Diagram 2.Lengkapkan pemerhatian untuk tindak balas dalam Rajah 2.
[3 marks]
(b) Based on the observation in Experiment II, state one inference.Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Eksperimen II, nyatakan satu inferens.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………[3 marks]
(c) For this experiment, state :Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan:
(i) the manipulated variable. pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan.
……………………………………………………………………………….............
(ii) the responding variable. pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas.
………………………………………………………………………………………
(iii) the constant variable. pemboleh ubah yang ditetapkan.
……………………………………………………………………………………[3 marks]
(d) State the hypothesis for the experiment.Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………[3 marks]
(e) State the operational definition for the reactivity of halogen in this experiment.Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kereaktifan halogen dalam eksperimen ini.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………[3 marks]
(f) Arrange the three halogens in descending order of reactivity.Susunkan ketiga-tiga halogen mengikut tertib kereaktifan menurun.
……………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]
2.Diagram 2 shows the set-up of apparatus to determine the heat of combustion for alcohols.Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menentukan haba pembakaran alkohol.
Diagram 2Rajah 2
Three sets of experiments are carried out to determine the heat of combustion of different types of alcohols.Tiga set eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan haba pembakaran bagi alkohol yang berlainan jenis.
Diagram 2.1 shows the initial and highest reading of the thermometer in the three sets of experiment.Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan bacaan awal dan bacaan tertinggi termometer bagi ketiga-tiga set eksperimen
AlcoholsAlkohol
Spirit lamp
Lampu pelita
Copper can
Tin kuprum
Waterair
Tripod standTungku kaki tiga
Wooden block
Blok kayu
Wind shieldPenghadang angin
Thermometer
Termometer
.
Set Initial thermometer readingBacaan awal termometer
Highest thermometer readingBacaan tertinggi termometer
I
II
III
Diagram 2.1Rajah 2.1
(a) Record the initial thermometer readings and highest thermometer readings in Set I, Set II and Set III at space provided in Diagram 2.1
Rekodkan bacaan awal termometer dan bacaan tertinggi termometer dalam Set I, Set II dan Set III pada ruang yang disediakan pada Rajah 2.1
[ 3 marks ][ 3 markah ]
(b) Construct a table to record the initial temperature of water, highest temperature of water and increase in temperature in Set I, Set II and Set III.
Bina satu jadual untuk merekodkan suhu awal air, suhu tertinggi dan kenaikan suhu dalam Set I, Set II dan Set III.
[ 3 marks ][ 3 markah ]
Table 2 shows the heat of combustion of four alcohols.Jadual 2 menunjukkan haba pembakaran bagi empat jenis alkohol.
Alcohol
Alkohol
Molecular formula
Formula molekul
Heat of combustion (KJmol-1)
Haba pembakaran (KJmol-1)
Methanol
Metanol CH3OH - 728
Ethanol
Etanol C2H5OH - 1376
Propanol
Propanol C3H7OH
- 2016
Butanol
Butanol C4H9OH - 2678
Table 2Jadual 2
(c) Sketch a graph to show heat of combustion of alcohols in Table 2 against number of carbon atoms per molecule.
Lakar graf untuk menunjukkan haba pembakaran bagi alkohol dalam Jadual 2 melawan atom karbon per molekul.
[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]
Diagram 2.2 shows the energy level for combustion of ethanol.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan aras tenaga untuk pembakaran etanol.
Tenaga
Diagram 2.2Rajah 2.2
(d) State three informations from Diagram 2.2 .
Nyatakan tiga maklumat berdasarkan Rajah 2.2
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Energy
CH3OH + 3/2 O2
H = - 726 KJmol-1
CO2 + 2H2O
3. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
[ 3 marks ] [ 3 markah ]
e) Alcohol is one example of carbon compounds.
Classify the following carbon compounds into hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons.
Alkohol adalah satu contoh sebatian karbon.
Kelaskan sebatian karbon berikut kepada hidrokarbon dan bukan hidrokarbon.
Ethene , C2H4 propanol, C3H7OHEtena , C2H4 propanol,C3H7OH
Methanoic acid, HCOOH Prophyl ethanoate,CH3COOC3H7
Asid Metanoik, HCOOH propil etanoat, CH3COOC3H7
[ 3 marks ][ 3 markah ]
3
Ionic compound can conduct electricity in aqueous and molten states but covalent compound cannot conduct electricity in all states.
Sebatian ion boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan leburan dan larutan akueus tetapi sebatian kovalen tidak boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam sebarang keadaan.
Using lead(II) bromide as an example of ionic compound and naphthalene as an example of covalent compound, plan a laboratory experiment to compare the electrical conductivity of molten ionic and covalent compounds.
Dengan menggunakan plumbum(II) bromida sebagai contoh sebatian ion and naftalena sebagai contoh sebatian kovalen, rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kekonduksian elektrik leburan sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen.
Your planning should include the following aspects:
Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek berikut:
(a) Problem statement Pernyataan masalah
(b) All the variables Semua pemboleh ubah
(c) Hypothesis Hipotesis
(d) List of materials and apparatus Senarai bahan dan radas
(e) Procedure Prosedur
(f) Tabulation of data Penjadualan data
[17 marks]