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CHAPTER ONE (1)
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (IT)
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Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter you will be able to:-
Describe the evolution of Information Technology and
Communications Explain the concepts of ICT and IT
Introduce to computer hardware
Introduce to computer software
Discuss the history ofWindows Technology
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Chapter Outline
Introduction
IT & ICT
Computer
Hardware
Software
Application
Operating System Programming Languages
Windows Technology
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What is IT/ICT?
IT is concerned with technology to treat information.
Technology = the making, usage, and knowledge of tools,
machines, techniques, procedures, systems or methods of
organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specificfunction.
Information = data that is organized and meaningful.
Data = raw fact i.e. numbers, characters, unprocessed image.
IT = the {acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination} of
{vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information} by a{microelectronics-based combination of computing and
telecommunications.}
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Information Technology
Information Technology (IT) is "the study,
design, development, implementation,
support or management of informationsystems".
In form at ion techno logyis a general term
that describes any technology that helps
to produce, manipulate, store,communicate, and/or disseminate
information.
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What is ICT?
Information Communications Technology (ICT)
covers any product that will store, retrieve,
manipulate, transmit or receive information
electronically in a digital form. For example,
personal computers, digital television, email,
robots.
ICT is concerned with the storage, retrieval,
manipulation, transmission or receipt of digital data.
It is also concerned with the way these different
uses can work with each other.
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The Importance of IT/ICT
essential ingredient in managing businessprocesses of most organizations
reduction in administration costs
improve staff productivity
assist in the design & manufacture of products
improve the efficiency of interactions with clients,customers, suppliers & distribution outlets
create opportunities for new services, products &business ventures
speed, efficiency, effectiveness & competitiveadvantages
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IT Components
Process
Application (software)
Hardware
that is used to get, create, arrange,
analyze and present the information invarious format including text, image,
audio and video.
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Process
The ability to translate the information
needs, to analyze and present the
information and the ability to analyzethe process effectiveness.
It Includes techniques and activities that
involve design, development,implementation and IT management.
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Application (Software)
Software can be categorized into:
Curricular software
it is designed to educate students withconcepts and skills. The learning objective
is determine by the software.
Generic software
Software that is used to achieve various
learning objectives. Example: Word
processor, databases and multimedia
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Hardware
The physical components of a
computer system
Includes all types of technologyhardware including computers,
scanner, modem, printers etc.
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Telecommunication devices
Wireless Phone
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
Walkie Talkie Pager
Fax machine
Video Conferencing
Telegraph Chatting software: Example IRC, Yahoo
Messenger
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Example of Telecommunication
Devices
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PAGER
CELULAR PHONE
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Example of Telecommunication
Devices
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PDAWALKIE TALKIE
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Example of Telecommunication
Devices
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FAX MACHINE
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Example of Telecommunication
Devices
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Computer
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.parentech.org/images/newanim/cpuanim.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.parentech.org/computer/modem.htm&h=267&w=318&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcomputer%2Bprocessing%2Bunit%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF8%26oe%3DUTF8http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.fmworld.net/globalpc/images/notebook.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.fmworld.net/globalpc/products/&h=145&w=180&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnotebook%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF8%26oe%3DUTF8http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.ewbridge.com/assets/images/KOMPUTER.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ewbridge.com/html/bitemate.html&h=187&w=269&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dkomputer%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF8%26oe%3DUTF87/27/2019 STID1103 Chapter 1 Introduction to IT
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Computer
An electronic device or a
programmable machine that receives
inputs, stores and manipulates data(retrieves and processes data), can be
programmed with instructions and
provides output in a useful format.
A computer is composed of hardware andsoftware, and can exist in a variety of
sizes and configurations.
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Computer
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Monitor
Keyboard
Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
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Types of Computer
Analog
Process physical data. Example:
Temperature, air pressure, electrical
Digital
Process data in binary ( 1 and 0)
Hybrid Combination of analog and digital
computers
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Components of Computer
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Storage
Input Devices
Output Devices
Communication Devices
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
CPU or the processor is the portion of a computer
system that carries out the instructions of a
computer program, and is the primary element
carrying out the computer's functions.
Manipulates raw data into a more useful form and
controls the other parts of the computer systems.
A microprocessor is a multipurpose,
programmable, clock driven, register baseddevice that takes input and provides output.
E.g. Intel Pentium, AMD Athlon, SUN UltraSparc
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Storage
A data storage device often called memory is a
device for recording (storing) information (data).
Primary Storage (main memory, internal memory)
Temporarily stores data and program instructions
during processing (volatile storage). Example
RAM.
Secondary Storage (external memory)
Store data and programs when they are not being
used in processing. Example: HardDisk, Floppy
Disk, CD, DVD, Tape Drive, ROM, flash memory
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Input Devices
Any peripheral (piece of computer hardwareequipment) used to provide data and control signalsto an information processing system (such as a
computer). Convert data and instructions into electronic form for
input into the computer.
Example Pointing devices (mouse, touch screen)
Source data automation (optical character recognition ~ Barcode, magnetic ink character recognition)
Handwriting recognition (pen-based input ~ PDA, laptopmouse pointing)
Keyboard, Scanner, sensor device
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Output Devices
Any piece of computer hardware equipmentused to communicate the results of dataprocessing carried out by an informationprocessing system (such as a computer) tothe outside world.
Convert electronic data produced by thecomputer system and display them into aform that people can understand.
Example:Video Display Terminal (monitors),Printers, plotters, speakers, headphone,earphone.
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Communication Devices
Communication is a process oftransferring information from one entity
to another. Provide connections between the
computer and communication networks.
Example: Modem, Digital Camera,HeadPhone/Telephony (conferencing),radio/TV.
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Categories of Computers
Supercomputer
Mainframe
Midrange (Minicomputers)
Microcomputers
Workstation
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Supercomputer
Highly sophisticated and powerful computerthat can perform very complex computationsextremely rapidly.
Most powerful & expensive.
Used in scientific and military work, such asclassified weapons research and weather
forecasting.
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Mainframe
Largest category of computer, used for majorbusiness processing.
Intended to service multiple users
Capable of handling and processing verylarge amounts of data quickly.
Used in large institutions such as
government, banks and large corporations.
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Midrange (Minicomputers)
A class of computer systems which fall in betweenmainframe computers and microcomputers.
Capable of supporting the computing needs of
small organizations or of managing networks ofother computers such as in Universities, factoriesand research laboratories as server to manageorganization computer network
E.g. Digital Equipment Corporation, Hewlett-Packard (HP3000 line), and Sun Microsystems(SPARC Enterprise).
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Microcomputers
A computer with a microprocessor as itscentral processing unit
Also known as personal computer.
Physically small compared to mainframe andmini.
E.g. desktop computers, laptop and notebook
computers, tablet PC, palmtop computers,personal digital assistants (PDA's).
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Workstation
A high-end microcomputer designed for technical or
scientific applications.
Intended primarily to be used by one person at a
time, they are commonly connected to a local area
network and run multi-user operating systems.
Desktop computer with powerful graphics and
mathematical capabilities and the ability to perform
several complicated at once.
Used in scientific, engineering and design work
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Computer Hardware
Monitor14, 15, 17 & 21
Keyboards- 108, 110, 114 keys,
Mouse,
Speaker,Printer,
Scanner,
CD Drive,
CD WriterFloppy A Drive
Joy Stick
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Monitor
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A monitor or display (sometimes called
a visual display unit) is an electronic
visual display for computers.
It comprises the display device,circuitry, and an enclosure.
2 types of Monitor
CRT -Cathode Ray Tube (just like
television setFlat Panel - Using TFT-LCD (thin
film transistor liquid crystal display,
or plasma display panel (pixel rely on
gas in the cell or plasma)
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Printers
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a printer is a peripheral whichproduces a hard copy(permanent readable text
and/or graphics) of documentsstored in electronic form,usually on physical printmedia such as paper ortransparencies.o Dot matrixo Ink Jet
o Laser Jet
o Bubble Jet
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Software
The collection of computer programs and
related data that provide the instructions
telling a computer what to do and how to do. Complete instructions that control, manage
and support operational activities of computer
system.
3 basic functions:a) manage computer systems data sources
b) create platforms & tools to use the data source
c) act as the middle-man between human and data source storage
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User
Application Software
System Software
Computer
Hardware
Relationship between User, Application Software,
System Software and Computer Hardware
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Example of Computer Software
System Software
Application Software
Programming Languages
Firmware
Device Drivers
Middleware
Testware
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System Software
A computer software designed to
operate the computer hardware and to
provide and maintain a platform forrunning application software.
The most important types of system
software are: The operating system The computer BIOS and device firmware
Utility software
Computer Language Translation Programs
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Operating System
Allows the parts of a computer to work together by
performing tasks like transferring data between
memory and disks or rendering output onto a display
device. It also provides a platform to run high-level system
software and application software.
Manages and control the computers activities
Main functions of the operating system Allocates and assigns system resources
Schedules the use of computer resources and computer job
Monitor computer system activities
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Example of Operating System
DOS
UNIX
OS/2
Macintosh
Windows 95/98/2000/NT/ME/XP
LindowsOS
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DOS
Disk Operating System (DOS)
Operating system for older IBM and IBM-
compatible PCs between 1981 and 1995.Advantage:
Ease of use ~ user interface (command line
interface)
Disadvantage:
Do not support multitasking
Limits program use of memory to 640 kilobytes
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DOS
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UNIX
A computer operating system originally
developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T
employees at Bell Labs. Operating System for all types of computers,
which is machine independent and support
multi-user processing, multitasking and
networking. widely used in both servers and workstations
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UNIX
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OS/2
Operating system/2 created by
Microsoft and IBM for IBM PCS that can
take advantage of the 32-bitmicroprocessor.
Support multitasking and networking.
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OS/2
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Macintosh
OS for Apple Macintosh computer that
support multitasking.
The first commercially successfulpersonal computer to feature a mouse
and a graphical user interface.
Has access to the internet and haspowerful graphics and multimedia
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Macintosh System 1.1
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Mac OS 8.0
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M OS X J
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Mac OS X Jaguar
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Microsoft Windows
A series of software operating systems
and graphical user interfaces produced
by Microsoft. Windows Operating System to control
and manage computer activities
Based on graphical user interfaceeasier to use
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List of Microsoft Windows
versions 1985 November 20 - Windows 1.01
1986 August - Windows 1.03
1986 May - Windows 1.02
1987 April - Windows 1.04
1987 December - Windows 2.03
1988 May - Windows 2.10
1989 March - Windows 2.11
1990 May - Windows 3.0
1992 August - Windows 3.1 1992 October - Windows for Workgroups 3.1
1993 August - Windows NT 3.1
1993 November - Windows for Workgroups 3.11
1993 October - Windows 3.210/28/2013 STID 1103 52
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List of Microsoft Windows
versions (cont) 1994 September - Windows NT 3.5 1995 August - Windows 95
1995 June - Windows NT 3.51
1996 July - Windows NT 4.0
1998 June - Windows 98 2000 April - Windows Mobile
2000 February - Windows 2000
2000 June - Windows Me
2001 August - Windows XP
2003 April - Windows Server 2003 2006 November - Windows Vista
2008 February - Windows Server 2008
2009 July - Windows 7
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Windows 3.1
Introduced graphical User Interface for
example Program manager
Based on windows- allowing few program intheir own windows.
Disadvantages:
Require high memory and storage
Operates only on computers with micro
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Windows 3.1
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Windows 95
Popular in mid 90s, used in personal PCs.
Most of the software is based on windows format
Using storage area of 80 MB, 8MB RAM and micro
processor at least 486 DX.
Using 32-bit operating system
Perform twice better than windows 3.1(16-bit)
Support multitasking Support plug and play
Better GUI
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Wi d 95
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Windows 95
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Windows 98
32-bit operating system that is closely
integrated with the Internet and that supports
multitasking, multithreading and networking
Faster and more integrated compare to
windows 95 with support for additional
hardware such as MMX, DVD.
The most visible features is integration of theOS with Web browser software
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Windows 98
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Windows 2000
32-bit operating system for PCs,
workstations and network servers.
Support multitasking, multiprocessing,intensive networking and Internet
services for corporate computing.
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Windows 2000 Pro
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Windows ME
Microsoft Windows ME (Millennium Edition)
Enhanced Windows Operating System for
consumer users featuring tools for workingwith video, photos, music and home
networking.
Improved capabilities for safeguarding
critical files.
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Windows ME
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Windows NT
Microsoft Windows NT (New
Technology)
Posses the same ability in UNIX such asmulti-user, multitasking and high security.
Suitable for high technology application,
graphic and animation.
Appropriate as server in a network.
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Windows NT 3.1
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Windows XP
Microsoft Windows XP (Experience)
Reliable, robust operating system with
versions for both home and corporateusers.
Features support of internet and
multimedia and improved networking,
security and corporate managementcapabilities
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Windows XP
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Windows 7
For use on personal computers, including
home and business desktops, laptops,
netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs
New features are advances in touch and
handwriting recognition, support for virtual
hard disks, improved performance on multi-
core processors, improved boot performance,DirectAccess, and kernel improvements.
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Windows 8
For use on personal computers, including home and
business desktops, laptops, tablets, and home theater
PCs.
Primarily focused towards improving its user experienceon mobile devices such as tablets to better compete with
other mobile operating systems like Android and Apple's
iOS.
Featuring a new Start screen that replaces the "Start
menu" of earlier Windows versions.
A new app platform with an emphasis on touchscreen
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Windows 8
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LindowsOS
Linspire, previously known as LindowsOS, was a
commercial operating system based on Debian
GNU/Linux and later Ubuntu.
The first "Broadband OS"
Built to take full advantage of broadband
technology.
Designed to fully utilize the world of tomorrow,where Internet connectivity is bountiful and
cheap, and computers are ubiquitous.
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LindowsOS
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The computer BIOS and device
firmware The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a standard defining afirmware interface. It is built into the PC.
Firmware is a term often used to denote the fixed, usually rather
small, programs and data structures that internally control various
electronic devices. It provides basic functionality to operate andcontrol the hardware connected to or built into the computer.
The primary function of the BIOS is to load and start an operating
system. When the PC starts up, the first job for the BIOS is to
initialize and identify system devices such as the video display card,
keyboard and mouse, hard disk, CD/DVD drive and other hardware.The BIOS then locates software held on a peripheral device
(designated as a 'boot device'), such as a hard disk or a CD, and
loads and executes that software, giving it control of the PC.
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The computer BIOS and device
firmware (example)
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Firmware
Low-level software often stored on electrically programmable
memory devices.
Fixed, usually small programs and data structures that internally
control various electronic devices.
Examples of devices containing firmware range from end-user
products such as remote controls or calculators, through
computer parts and devices like hard disks, keyboards, TFT
screens or memory cards, all the way to scientific
instrumentation and industrial robotics.
Also more complex consumer devices, such as mobile phones,
digital cameras, synthesizers, etc., contain firmware to enable
the device's basic operation as well as implementing higher-
level functions.
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Device Drivers
A device driver or software driver is a computer
program allowing higher-level computer
programs to interact with a hardware device.
Control parts of computers such as disk drives,
printers, CD drives, or computer monitors.
Acts as a translator between a hardware device
and the applications or operating systems that
use it.
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Utility software Utility software is a kind of system software designed to help analyze,
configure, optimize and maintain the computer.
A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or tool.
Example of utility softwares: Disk storage utilities ~ manage the storage like HDD, FDD, CD
Disk defragmenters ~ detect computer files whose contents are broken across several locations on
the hard disk, and move the fragments to one location to increase efficiency.
Disk partitions ~ divide an individual drive into multiple logical drives
Backup utilities ~ make a copy of all information stored on a disk, and restore either the entire disk
or selected files
Disk compression ~ compress/uncompress the contents of a disk, increasing the capacity of the
disk. Anti-virus utilities ~ scan for computer viruses.
Registry cleaners ~ clean and optimize the Windows registry by removing old registry keys that are
no longer in use.
Network utilities ~ analyze the computer's network connectivity, configure network settings, check
data transfer or log events.
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Computer Language Translation
Programs Convert programming languages into machine language. Programs written in high-level language such as COBOL, C
must be translated into machine language that the computer canexecute
The program in high-level language before translation is calledsource code.
A compiler translates source code into machine code calledobject code
But some programming language do not use complier, but usean interpreter
Interpreter used to translate each source code statement one ata time into machine code during execution and executes it. It isa bit slow to execute since it translated one statement at a time.
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Compiler
Translates source code into machine code called object code.
Translates a high level language into an assembly or machine
language.
Examples include Ada, ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN,
PL/I, C/C++.
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Interpreter
Translates a high level language into an assembly or machine
language.
Used to translate each source code statement one at a time into
machine code during execution and executes it.
Examples include Ada, ALGOL, BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN,PL/I, C/C++.
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Programming languages
An artificial language designed to express
computations that can be performed by a machine,
particularly a computer.
Programming languages can be used to createprograms that control the behavior of a machine, to
express algorithms precisely, or as a mode of human
communication.
Many programming languages have some form ofwritten specification of their syntax (form) and
semantics (meaning).
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Programming languages (cont)
The syntax is the form or arrangement of symbols
and characters typical to a particular language.
Semantics deal with the meaning that a set of
characters convey when arranged in a particular way.
Programming languages can be divided into:
Low-level programming languages
High-level programming languages
Very high-level programming languages
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L l l P i
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Low-level Programming
languages A programming language that provides little or noabstraction from a computer's instruction set
architecture.
The word "low" refers to the small or nonexistentamount of abstraction between the language and
machine language; because of this, low-level
languages are sometimes described as being "close
to the hardware."
Low-level programming languages are sometimes
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First Generation Languages
The first-generation programming language, or
1GL also known as Machine Language, is
machine code.
It is the only language a microprocessor canprocess directly without a previous
transformation.
Using binary code ( 1 and 0 )
Programming in machine language is very slow,labor-intensive process
Example : 1010 1101 8B54 2408 83FA 007710/28/2013 STID 1103 84
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Second Generation Languages
2GL, is assembly language, developed in 1950s that resembles
machine language but substitutes mnemonics for numeric codes. (
example: load, sum).
It is considered a second-generation language because while it is not a
microprocessor's native language, an assembly language programmer
must still understand the microprocessor's unique architecture (such asits registers and instructions).
These simple instructions are then assembled directly into machine
code.
The assembly code can also be abstracted to another layer in a similar
manner as machine code is abstracted into assembly code. Difficult to read, debug and learn and costly in term of programmers
time
Example: mov edx, [esp+8], cmp edx, 0, ja @f, mov eax, 0, ret
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Example: Assembly Language
This assembler program changes the size of the computer cursor.
1. use any editor program to create the source file. Type the following lines:
; use ; to put comments in the assembler program
.MODEL SMALL ; memory model
.STACK ; memory space for program instructions in the stack
.CODE ; the following lines are program instructions
mov ah,1h ; moves the value 1h to register ah
mov cx,07h ;moves the value 07h to register cx
int 10h ;10h interruption
mov ah,4ch ;moves the value 4 ch to register ah
int 21h ;21h interruption
END ; finishes the program code
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Example: Assembly Language
2. Save the file in ASCII format with the following name: examp1.asm
3. Use the TASM program to build the object program.
Example:
C:\>tasm exam1.asmTurbo Assembler Version 2.0 Copyright (c) 1988, 1990 Borland International
Assembling file: exam1.asm
Error messages: None
Warning messages: None
Passes: 1
Remaining memory: 471k
The TASM can only create programs in .OBJ format, which are not executable by
themselves, but rather it is necessary to have a linker which generates the
executable code.
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Example: Assembly Language
4. Use the TLINK program to build the executable program example:
C:\>tlink exam1.objTurbo Link Version 3.0 Copyright (c) 1987, 1990 Borland International
C:\>
Where exam1.obj is the name of the intermediate program, .OBJ. This generates a
file directly with the name of the intermediate program and the .EXE extension.
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Example: Assembly Language
5. Execute the executable program
C:\>exam1[enter]
Remember, this assembler program changes the size of the cursor.
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High-level Programming
languages A programming language with strong abstraction from thedetails of the computer.
It may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or be
more portable across platforms.
Such languages hide the details of CPU operations such asmemory access models and management of scope.
It makes the language user-friendly.
Can be divided into:
3rd Generation language
4th Generation language
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3rd Generation Language
Specify instructions as brief statements
that are more like natural language than
assembly language. Easier to write and understand in
comparison of assembly language.
More user friendly Example: FORTRAN, COBOL,BASIC,
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Example: BASIC (source code)
Syntax:
PROGRAM Hello
! Example
Print "Hello World" ! Hello world will be printed on the screen
END
Semantics: Hello World
===============================================================
PROGRAM product
! Another example
LET m = 2 ! mass in kilograms
LET a = 4 ! acceleration in mks units
LET force = m*a ! force in Newtons
PRINT force
END
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Example: C++ Language
int main ()
{
cout
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Example: COBOL Language
Syntax:
DISPLAY "Good Morning".
STOP RUN
Semantics:
Good Morning
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4th generation Languages
A programming language that can be employed directly by enduser or less skilled programmers to develop computerapplications more rapidly than conventional programminglanguages (nonprocedural or less).
Use for the development of commercial business software Seven categories of 4th generation languages
Query languages
Report generators
Graphics languages
Application generators
Very high level programming languages Application software packages
PC tools
E.g. LINC (Logic and Information Network Compiler), OracleExpress 4GL.
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Very High level Programming
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Very High-level Programming
languages A programming language with a very high level of abstraction,used primarily as a professional programmer productivity tool.
Very high-level programming languages are usually limited to a
very specific application, purpose, or type of task.
For this reason, very high-level programming languages areoften referred to as goal-oriented programming languages.
Example: 5th Generation Language
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5th Generation Languages
A programming language based around
solving problems using constraints
given to the program, rather than usingan algorithm written by a programmer.
Used mainly in artificial intelligence
research. E.g. Prolog, OPS5 (Official Production
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Application software
Also known as an application, is computer software
designed to help the user to perform singular or
multiple related specific tasks.
Examples include enterprise software, accountingsoftware, office suites, graphics software and media
players.
Application software that we will learn in this class
Word Processor (Microsoft Word)
Electronic Spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel)
Database (Microsoft Access)
Graphic presentation
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Word Processor
A computer application used for the production andmanipulating (including composition (creating),editing, formatting, deleting, saving and possiblyprinting) of any sort of printable material (e.g. memo,letters, report, etc.)
Advantages (in comparison with type writer) Save time and efficient to create documents
More flexible in term of deleting, and editing the content
Used in Business
Personal
Educationetc
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Electronic spreadsheet
A computer application that simulates a paper, accounting
worksheet, which manipulates lines and numbers and to do
calculation and is used to create charts, graph and table.
It displays multiple cells that together make up a grid consisting
of rows and columns, each cell containing alphanumeric text,numeric values orformula.
A formula defines how the content of that cell is to be calculated
from the contents of any other cell (or combination of cells) each
time any cell is updated.
Spreadsheets are frequently used for financial information
because of their ability to re-calculate the entire sheet
automatically after a change to a single cell is made.
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Database
Consists of an organized collection of related data for one ormore uses, typically in digital form.
Shared collection of logically related data (and a description ofthis data), designed to meet the information needs of an
organization Advantages:
Data consistency
More information from the same amount of data
Sharing of data
Improved data integrity Improved security
Enforcement of standards
Economy of scale
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Graphic Presentation
A computer program that allows users
to compose and edit graphics images
and pictures interactively on a computerand save them in one of many popular
vector graphics formats, such as EPS,
PDF, WMF, SVG, or VML .
Animation
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Middleware
Computer software that connects software
components or applications.
Controls and co-ordinates distributed systems which
includes web servers, application servers, and similartools that support application development and
delivery.
Examples include EAI (Enterprise Application
Integration) software, telecommunications software,transaction monitors, and messaging-and-queueing
software.
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Middleware
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Testware
Software for testing hardware or a
software package.
Example use of testware:- Web testing, environment & compatibility
testing, performance testing
Functional testing, scalability testing, testautomation, load and stress testing
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IT in Management
1. Latest in cost efficiency- including labor cost,
transportation, communication
2. Increment in business performance virtual
marketing and globalization, Sharing of information3. Global marketing- E-commerce, E-business
4. Increment in customer satisfaction
5. Increment in share market
6. Low margin cost
7. Increment in quality- products and services
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The Importance of Computer
Efficiency and effectiveness in informationmanagement
Business management Education purposes Borderless world Military Entertainment Finance and banking
Town planning Publication Graphic and animation
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The Problems of Computer
Computer crime
Hackers
Illegal downloading
Hard to manage Computer broke down
Gap between humans
Less communication among people
Secluded in their rooms Privacy and confidentiality
Personal information can be revealed easily
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Review
Introduction
IT & ICT
Computer
Hardware Software
Application
Operating System
Programming Languages
Windows Technology