CORRELATION OF TEE CAMPBELL
STRANDLINES ALONG THE NORTaWESTERN
MARGIN OF GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ
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Chaptes 5 . The Cliiipbdl S- TbeirNmnernd Condation ............... 57 ................................................ 5*1Iiisrochiction 57
.......................................... 5.2Wpptd S m 57 5.2.1 M o u s ShidialndMrpo ............................. 57 5 . 2 . 2 m P h .......................................... a
.................................. 5.2.3FiddReco~ 62 ........................................ 5.3 S ~ C a ~ o n 63
................................... 5.3.1 P~dC0IIC)lfion 63 5.3.1.1 Co~onaOmthe cclthan outla to Dauphin, Manitoba
........................................... 65 5.3.1.2 CondltionFnwiDoipbiiS Miaaabr, to Hucbn Bay.
S a h t c k ~ ................................ 66 5.3.1.3 Co~cmhmHihonBaytoNiprWrS S m h t c k m
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.3.1.4 Cmeirron âomNiipiwiiS SulPtcbearoi to the
.............................. WlpmcidriHilh 76 5 . 3 . 1 J ~ n w u t o f ~ W . p . n d d o & l l r ........... 85
5 . 3 ~ 2 C o ~ o n U ~ P r l ~ o o n C o m d ~ I k t c r .......... 88
........................................... . Chapter 6 The GPS Survy 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1GPSTbéotydPnerice 100
................................... 6 . 2 ~ d T ~ . 105 6.3CiPSSuwey~ ......................................... 113
........................................ 6.3.1 Istroduction 113
6.3.2 GPS S w a y ComctionadEmnr ...................... 115 6 . 3 . 3 - S m ......................................... 117
C-8 . R e b o u d i a d I œ ~ I m p ~ a t i o n 8 ~ t h e N ~ ~ u d G l o b r l .......................................... EmmOmneidilaiiape 141
............................................... 8. l-ction 141 8 . 2 R c b w a d ~ l ï t U d a m d R i t a ~ t b t U p p a r n d L o w a ~
............................................. S t m d b 141 .................... 8.3NotthwcdanRsbairdd~Cbtondaay 144
..................... 8.3.1-atbtNo-OUtld 144 8.3.2 ~ v i w F m r eu the ~ t i d ofthe
C i ~ S p U w i y ................................ 147 8.3.3 Proposui Amauhum to Thorleibn's (1996) (Mld Cbmaology
................................................ 150 ..................... 8 . 4 I i n p I i c a t i o n s f o r G i o b r l E a v i i o ~ ~ 154
........................ 8.4.1 The CiureoftkYaiqgaDryu 154 8.4.2. Solth d F i a (1996) HypotbnU iw the Y- Dcyu
T a m i d o n ...................................... 154 8.4.3 AhaaitiveSZypothCrYto 8LdceAg888izSairosf9rtheC1~
SpiUanyFonn8tion ................................. 155 8.4.4 Codons for Lake Agusit'r Rde ni the Tmdmtion of the
YauoegDiyubyovaaoWtbfoughtheNo~ûitlet . 158
F i g 3 4 L J r s A g u r L ~ c r r r t c d b y j o ~ L o b u e ~ o a ~ t b c W War @on with those offobnnon (1946) rad projectiqg the mnd hto the mrthenendoftbebuh ...................................... .... 40
F i g . 3 - 7 T b r 1 t m m = W a n n W r w r i a o f n i v d U b t b c Richmad G u l P a f F h u l i n i i B r y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Fig. 3-8 ~ i l l u i r n r i o a o f t & ~ & s a ~ i n ~ t o ~ o n . a) a e i r t h e ~ o € r n i œ ~ o a ~ ~ p h n c t . ~ ~ ~ i r a h n c t i o n o t t h e g m n r i t i o a i l ~ u u î r i w r h d t V E f i O l l o i t ~ t b e m u r o f gkhlicc. r a d b ) w i î h t b e d & d a L a o f i ~ a r t h b s o c i t h t h e i a . . 44
Fi 3 - 9 ~ n t n n r f b r O u t a S d 1 e S ~ W a G m d d . . . . . . . . . . 46 F i . 4 - 1 ~ 0 f ~ & ~ d b ~ r n d ~ d t V d i O i U ~ t h a W g . n o l r h E l ü l s
dthcCkuwitsrRiva,kyoadtbcTdkretd (1983)rrciofLilaAgurm IB&IUU~. . . . . . . . . . .... ........ ..... .. .... ..........*.... 48
Fig. 4-2 M.xanimuctcatof~Agucitr9 ,9ûûBPto~ndwabacwlymrppcd -llijlddribait 70,000hii!~totbeWP .................. 48
Fi*. 4-3?ws M. d P i i (1993) d m b g the encm 0 t h Clruvmr- LowaAthdmsa8pilhmy8lMidati ................................. 50
Fig. 44 A fdcolubllction ofmntr dateci to the kd.i.;aian ofthe Chiscbill Riva Vrlley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
Fg.4-5 ~110rthwcrtanoutlctcbrmdmrdrtiontotlmN~mradUppaCliopkll wita p h plotted p a p m â i ~ to the T d k ud Thorleifbon (1983) hobma
. . . . . * . . . . . . * . . . * , . . . . * C . . . * . * . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Eg. 5-1 Tba marrinnim Bdeat of- Aguit rfkr T d k d d (1983) inckiding tha
nunaoftbebiU,f0~thcacirpmairrkngt&northwtrtan~ofthe b. ................. .... ........... ..... . ......... .... ..... . 58
Fu. 5-2 Tk of b A@z vlta T d k rt oL (1983) thc bations ofpoteitiii CampM levd pdeo-lagoom invcrtilpted by vi'bncott. . 6 1
Fg. 5-3 Gcaml morpho10gy of C m p M levd dMdliner rnd thir nLtioa to wrta pLneuoboavcciaarSwrnRivasMmaok . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Fi. 5 - 4 A i r p h a o o f t b ~ ~ ~ ~ M i i i i t o k . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Flg. 5-5 Codation ofthe Uppa CMpbdt crrvdlins h m DaaJphh, Minit* to La
Ronge, S m k a W m ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Fg. 5-6 Condlxion oftba Lower Campbdi itrindline Dauphin, M d t o b to Li
Ronge,h&atcbm .*............. .......... .................. 69 F i s 5-7 1:12,.000 d e air photo ofBrdcen Pipc Lake, natbmrt of Dripbia, I i h W a
. . ........ .................... ....... .. ....... . .......... . 70 Fig. 5 - 8 V m b m ~ t o w c b a d o f h W ~ b i i a ~ D P r p a a u d S -
RNer.Miaitobr.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Fig. E 9 W a A g u i i t ~ ï n ~ S w r n R i v s r r n i . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Fig. 5-10 1 : 6 O s û û û r i r p b o t o o f L & e ~ ~ # i t h c r i t o f ) h b a i ~
S 8 d m a h m *......*....... .,,a ....,~........*... .. ........ * 74 Fig. 5-11 ~ a t a a ~ e n r r y i n t h e U p p e r ~ ~ o f a u d r a n
Bay. S 8 s b c h m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Fw.5-12SdQilgsokgyoftheNe-m .................. 77 P i 5-13 1:60, 0001iirpbot0atbc#uthddB@SadyLJto ................. 78 Fig . 5-14 1:6û, ûûûlrirpbotoodthcicqioabctw#atbe~eadofBigSiody~rnd
t b a c o c i d i d ~ o b t b a w ' ~ ............................... 80 Fw 5-15An-int&UjCuapôûi*rt JyhyLJta ............... 81 Fi g. El6 1:6û, 000rabrirpbotoaiphodtbsCliapWrtMdEaavoMdthe
~Zrhdtkw.p lwdd0Eblr ............................ 82 F i s 5-17 1:60, 000 iirphoto thc a# Zdc ofthe W w BPh ........... 83 F i 5 - 1 8 P b W b m m a ~ J o a e t b a n a t h * o f t b s W ~ I b l h - 81 Fu . 5-19 1:6& 000 d e Air pboto dtbt Lawa Cmipkll sümadh (idmi V) ir the
~onofagbwigr165radZibait25hnradhdLiRoiigc, Sdmtdmm 86 Fi 5-20 1.60. 000 air photo of OrrOag Lûœ, slilptcbrma. west ofthe juaction of
hj#nmy8 1 6 5 d 9 1 0 ~ r i g b h r a d c o m a ) ....................... 87 Ftg . 5-21 Ciou#criontbroighBrahnPipd,b ........................... 89 Fi . 5-22 1.60. O00 d e rh photo of tk rtrPdlina (nmM V) raith ast of
....................................... -Biy.- 95 F i g . 5-23 1.60. 000 d e air photo of Ruby Wrt, mrth ofHidaon Bays SabWmmn % Fig . 5-24 -up t b e v a i - a m r y r t c m o n i d ~ p o a d Wimd r Lowa
CPnpbdlbmchridgc~ofIhdionBrl, Ri.htchnvai ............ 98 Fig . 6 1 Cl& aror in GPS rrceivar auses the cdaiktion ofthe ReQYds dirtmec
dromrut.litotoôe~ltd~t@rado-mgm) ........................ 1û2
Fig . 6-3 ûn top ofthe mad m f i n La Ronge, WkdmmÏ, the bue rrccinr ( i ide the kidra)irbaqep~o~withtheimrllhMd-hddmscompuiato~ rdhgscvay5~ndstbrougbanthedry ......................... 106
Fig . 6 4 T h e r o v a ~ ~ d & t b c ~ ) . *vbichudedoutmta tkfiddradir advatdby~iiwbinb&klDOS~~~thtwuuudtoprosrpnthcûase
.................. ................... ............... 107 Fig . 6-5 T b e m o b l e r n t c n n i c r n k ~ ~ ~ o n i M b i c l e r o t h i t ~ c u i
.................................. betrlmidinalgfîmmthavchide 109 Fig . 6-6 Wbm data p o b me bcyond tk nroh of- the rover mc6ver an k
c u r i d i n d ~ o n a 2 m p d e ( m r l t i q g ~ v a t i a l o ~ 2 ~ ...... 110 Fig . 6-7ktrp ofthe n o r t h ~ m u g i n o f L 8 k c ~ ~ t h e k r a loutionsfbr
eachofthenftocnûPSririyloopr ............................... 114 Fig.6%AniidatmipfWthenvCGPS~poiatmipr~~.69~613)sbo~
thclOCIfiOllrndumofachaup .................................. 119 Fig .6 -9PloücdûPSdmpomtrmthe~ irer ......................... 120 Fig.6-lOPloStsdCifSdrripointshthoSwanRivaua ..................... 121 FiibllPlottdGfSdrtrpointsmtbead*wiBry am .................... 122 Pg . 6-12P~GPSdrtipomirhthcNiprwin~i# ........................ 123 Fig . 613 PlattedGPS b e i p o k intbcLaRdiylcum ....................... 124
fis. 7 - 1 ~ 0 f t k W I p r w d d P H & ~ 0 1 1 ~ t & ~ ~ t h s T d k r dniorlaBoa(lS3)iurk.a(.F~ 3 - 6 ) i a d t b c ~ ~ 00ndl;tion(tb8ttbeaindlinc#urhmdwc8tot~L.RoqetirU~ CPiagkn)uriagGPsdMlicmdippointr ........................... 128
Fs 7 - 2 ~ 0 f t b t W l p o w a k . B i l l r 1 t g h ~ t h t ~ ~ t h c T d l a iad Tbdaeoa (1903) iiokra (m F i 3-6) and the œw aûmadb combien (tbsthe~caitbrnd~aELieL.~isLowaCIiPpkll)prine GPS devllfioa data poha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Fi. 7-3 ApbtdCmpbdlOPSdr ipoLrrd iomthi~unayJayplo t tedby~n 888hoctiOlLof~ftom~cadbaiadbpapcadi&~tbtirobuer0f Tder d T h o M b (1-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Fig. 7-4 A com~osit o f F i 64OS 6-1 ls and 612 abwbg CuapWl itrrPdana rad GPSdentioii~swMBncr,MuiaoktoNprwii5SuLrtshaiRug ~ d i n g t O b U C I W i t h 8 ~ m c ( c c ~ m r c n n i .................. 130
Fg.7-5~ba~edoaUppaCrnipWiGPSbripontr .... . . ... . .. .... .. . 131 Fig. 7-6LowaC~@dlGfS b t i p k U r h o w n r p g o o d ~ w î t h U p p g
~ G P S i r o b u a ......................................... 131 Fig. 7-7 Thecim@mmtoftheCmpknctMdlinordthcW~Liüls
tbrougûtbm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Fig. 7-8 A «)mpUiOioil of the Tdla d Thorlcitlurn (1983) irobrcr with tk ro
d n w n G P S i i o k r c r @ i u e ) d a p e c u b d ~ ù o b u e r ( ~ ..... 137 F i i 7-9Rdrtioaibipd~PyC~WladBsmrRivaM0&t0W~
kohmradrpropodiceaurgni ................................ 138 i?îg. 7-1OExtCmdtbiebwrofN0IthAmaicrnim~9~SOOBP.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Fig. 7-1 1 The U j Cliapkn timc iœ mo&i caiiplrad with th0 Tdla rnd Thorleifbon
(1983) irablKtmd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Fig. 7-12nisUpoaCliapkutOnticemoddcompuedwith~newGfS rnd
qecuhdirobuetnnd .................. 0 . . ... .... .. 0 . . ... ... . 140 -8-1 Riterof ~ d ~ t b c w e 3 i a n ~ 0 f ~ & d ~ ~ t h t i m C
of!heUjMdLowaCli ipkUarndünsr.~tbearpoacatirl ~ o f n b o u n d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .... ......... . ............. 143
fig. 8-2 ' % p ~ ~ t 0 3 i d d y s i n d h t b n c w y t f b t r r l r c ~ ~ . .. ... . 145 F3g. 8-3 LoatioamipofLoagLdo(~ l ) ~ ~ W d ~ C 1 e u w a t u S P U w r y
....... * . t.............................. ....... ......... . 148 Fig 8 4 S ~ ~ i r y , n d i O C U b O i l d i t s ~ c u b o n ~ O t ~ ~ 8 i o m L o n g
Wa (sœ PiTi û-3) by Aadaon rnd Lewia (1992) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Fig. 8-5 A: ~ ~ ~ e v r h i a b # G G o b f ~ n k r ( w b i t e v i r i C t y ) b û c ~
BuiacorcEM%PC4pbttdvi.~wahAMSndiocrrbon~iah @mckcre& al, 1989). B: P- ofmmkedcilcrrwur a8amkib ~mthe8unecomplatodonlogdevr d c p d i @ & c b b d W& 1995). .152
Fi. 8-6 R e v i a a l m o c b l f b r t k ~ d e v l s i o n r a d ~ r c u t u o f ~ ~ u a &naionot1'Ctimq w i t h t b c a i m c r o f t h e ~ ~ k i n l r d o ~ t b t t a p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
List of Tables
u a i i i e ~ ~ t o p o e n p h i ~ m i 9 a , - ~ ~ m i p c , ~ m i p ~ ~
~tnitbiqatbtUppa8ndLoanrCuapkllirnndliaoofgliclllLJo~whih
u c t b c ~ ~ ~ m o i r a m a ' n i t k i r b a h t ô t ~ w u t ~ ~ m h u p h i n ,
M i i r s r o b . n o r t h w c r t w u d t o w u d t h t ~ R i w r i n m r & œ a t d ~ The
p u r p o s e o f ~ c o n d r t i o 1 1 w u t o ~ X i t w r r p o r r i M e ~ r ~ A g u 9 z t o h v e
O V a f l O W C d ~ a a o ~ a i c l e r o r t h e C i ~ R i v a i m o t h c ~ e R R r a
dninigebasin. T h e r r a i l t r ~ t i u t t h c U p p a ~ c x t a d e d o a i y u t i r a s t h e
northwestem side of the WIprwddo Billr in nonhccmrI about 350 km
southeast of the Ciamatm Riva. Two î b of euidence in the Wlpianldo Hüls rni
~egertthtwitaroftJra~rtthetimcoftbcUppaCrnapknkva~blocIred
~ r a c b i n g t h e m ~ d e t ô y g L Q i l i œ . TheyucthctamllvtionoftheUppa
C.mpbdlrtnadlincoatht~~)rthwcrtcrnrideof~Wrpiwcldri~iadrRpdrWia
~ o f ~ U p p a C i n p k P ~ ~ t b c r a d h a n ~ 0 f t h c ~ ~ t o t h c n o r t h a n
side. The Lowa Clpipbdl krcb, bownm. Qdcadr hrtha to the beyonci the
w r p o - H i l l r . ~ ~ t h e ~ - a i d a .
~ i c e ~ w b i l e t h e L l a ~ r t t b c U p p a ~ 1 ~ Samctuncafk
9,35OBP,krsdaadita~withtbeUppaCliapknrrnadoae, rrpidiœretrutin
tbe~)rthwestexpodt&aorthwertcra~rllo~a~lo~ofWobAguri4
perhaps u a atmtmpbic flood h W by F h iad Smah (1994). This wwld have
cuiscdtbb~lcvdtohllWowtbitofthesoutbaaOUtlet,tcmpoRNtyhlbiagWrs
Agass izdminagcthmughthe~Rivayrtcm. Thesuôaa<lucntnpidiioaitic
rebouad inthemithwatiadiutcdbythencwirobwrddbnnquiddy~tht
d d o n ofthe mrthwestcrn ouflet, evsabPny uusing ifr rbonâoammt rnd f0mhgLJcc
AgurLt0tnnrgnrrbocLtothe~aitkt;~atheLowaClinpknleveL
A I t h a i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t o k t v i A c i r r ! f a L J t c A g u i i z d M v g c t b t o u ~ t &
clm8tt~ S m , it b tbit thc oconcd kba 9,350 B89, iid thenfOr~
caildaotbmkcntbccpueofthtammEtiOnoftheYampaDryu~obrldphit~
10,ûûû BP, ri sugge&d by Smith rnd Fiiba (1996).
ARCTIC OCEAN
hi<lhlighted on the pbotographs, and the information wu copied to 1:50,000 mip shcets.
Prairie-
TheIshinibiinybonisd.rtbcRodRNa-DcrMoiaerIceLobenaitcdnorthofthe
Hiidson ~ M i d & p p i Rinr divide a about 11,700 BP. rnd mdtwrta pondcd in b n t of
the ice (Faston et dB 1983). Wbcn the kvd ofthe ponded watcr reached the devation of
t h e d n i i d e . t h e ~ ~ ~ r w t b t b r o u ~ 1 & M i a n e r r o t r R N a v o l l c y n t O t h e
Mississippi River to the GutfofMexico mg. 2- 1).
2.2 Lnlct Pbrucr
2.2.1Tbe-PLuc
ThciaitirlpaidintbcIJLC'shidoryh,bsaiteâmdtouthcCurPbuc. The
CaoPhucwrr,~,adirmelychortinrditiontotbt~LikeAgwizbiit~ry.md
h i t b a e t O f e ~ b a m c o m b i i w i t h t h c L o J d i r r t P h 8 8 e w a c b ~ t 0 U 0 w e d
it (Thor l~a , 1996). Much of the dmhge during t& LoddPrt P h U to have
bceathraigbthcMesibiRangeQi. 2-2)ofnarbsmMiiinaag a s d e s c r i i b y E W ~
(1983). r n d a a ~ ~ M ~ t h @ t b c n i i ÿ i ~ ~ ~ t l e 0fLJre min SaithDilrou
D u h g the appmxhwdy 8001year LocIthut Phase, the Wre bPrin south of Wdpeg was
- Gui? of Mexico
Fig. 2-9 Lltl Agmrk pakopgnpby it about ll,2ûû BPw Wrr Agassiz at the &man kvd drriniag muth dorbg the bckhut Phme @ùoW'soa, 19%, p 69, Qui. 32).
Hg. 240 Lake Ag-& PrbgcoLrrphy at about 10&û BPw Wiü tbe as te r i br amh(ed to tLrHubu-~(rr(b.mtll)WAyribdritdat.&Gi..tWpa~ u d urt 1. the A t h t k durbg tbt M o o r k J bmtiad (TborW", 1996, p. 72,tigun 35).
2.4 The Nottôtni Estent
2.4.1 Intraâactioa
Tbeaorihan~ofLakeAguritrtrnygivea~lmlwuusuaiiydctamhicd
ôythebationoftheiœmogin. Mostofthcrmndlmafodonlindueninmarble,
h o w e v a t a a t ~ d o a g a c o n l i i i i n g i g n i p e i n ~ d o n g M t h t h e i a . Theody
t r a c a s o f t h a t k ~ t b i t r a n i i n r r r a u i ~ rhhooghmice~poritioniniy
ais0 be infacd at a location wbac a continuous rmndüna endr. la mmgin positions for
~ W r e W i P v e b g E n i t r A b y ~ e n d m o n i n e r t b w g t i t t o k t m i s ~ -
w i t h t h t b k v d . o r b y w t ~ w h a e a n n a d l i n c c i m i o t k t n a d u r y ~ ~ ) r t h
( s o m e t i m t ~ r t ~ O U t l ~ ) r n d ~ ~ r b s c n a i r ~ b p t & p r r i c n a o f i c e
(- 1979; 19213; 1983; Scbreina, 1983,1984; Tborkibon, 1996).
Some ice mugins hve been assigneci absolute rges thmg& the "C datbg of wood
a!macbd with ad molaina (CLy(on rnd MO- 1982).
2.4.2 lackbrt aad Moorlead Ertriit
D d n g t h a L o c l d v r t d ~ r h e d P ~ t b e n o r t h a n ~ o f t h e ~ i c w d l
c o ~ 8 t t h c e u t a n ~ b y ~ O U f l e t c b r o m i o g y d m m o n i n r l f e r n u c i ,
r i d h r r ~ ~ h t h c ~ g t b y ~ d k O ~ r n d 8 h U m 0 ~ ~ .
l b ~ t b a ~ ~ ~ ~ d l t C l i r i r ; . " . l W & ~ ~ ~ ~ d l l t d ~ ~
the of absotute ylcr to Wa lavdr rnd daûs (CLyton ad Mo* 1982).
Fig. 2-13 A iorthweatem Moorhcrid/Eœem Pb- ir. ma- (Cbrliauwi, 1979. p. 934). (llrn 17).
! I ! I i '6.. t.. ..,
t
of Dauphin, M;anitoba (Fig 2-12), which suôsapcnsiy rebeded u fu aorth u the Berva
Rivs-P- 2-13). Thn atmntly "C dfta rsiociiiad wah PU
Moraine-
T & w e s m 1 ~ n i d i ~ ~ i i 2 - 1 2 ) b u b œ a e r t i m i t c d byTborldbn
(1996) to k about 10,900 BP (Fi 24), and he codates an icc ruargjn saith of Swan RiVQ
(Fig 2-14) widi the HMsirn Moche at about 10,400 BP Fig. 2-10). Scbrewr (1983).
w h o u s e s r ~ d 1 ' C ~ ~ c s t i r r m e i a ~ ~ p l r w s t & w s s t a n i c e ~ w e U
south ofthe CrrcLihMoninc, dongthe W-Bills at about the ad ofthe
Moorb#d P b (pi 2-19.
T h e ~ o f k k e A g u P z r t t h e ~ B p . m i a ~ j w t ~ t o t & ~ I d & o p
at the bghbg ofthe M i o o ~ P M 0.e. about ll.lûû BP), using 9i ateat rUiiüP to
nialeiboo (19%) Fig 2-3), bu b akiiari to k 155,000 k d , with 8 totd wrta
volume o f 12,850 bd (Mhn et d, 1997b).
24.3 Emcnon and M o h Extent
~thaEmswmP~thecutarnicemirgmrgMreaertedontyrliehlly,fiom
34
gkbîal rbo show 8 brge depee dcnrrtil defodon Jrmt*esoa (1865, p. 178) o b d
dong the coutlines of <iheeiilud, No-# Swcden, Great Brbh, the Uaitcd States, and
Goldthanit 1908) s h o d that the older s b o ~ exbibited mon defônnrtion tbui the
the modem devation of i point on the rtMdline subtrrcted âom the on- rbordiiLe
devation ir the ampihie ofrrbound at tbrt point since the formation of die stnndline. For
~ ~ 7 T h c 1 ~ ~ t i o 0 t d n l . t l v e r u l r v d e o ~ e f ~ 8 r t r i a d r r h t d b c r c b c r h t l n ~ d GiiHdHudmn Bay (Ptltkr, 1H4, pl%, figure 2).
F5g. 3-9 Emergeaœ ciirva for Ootcr Samdrr Stnwod, Wed Gmdaad. Cowe A b iït to the data +ta dTca Brirk(l974). Cowe B i~ idjasted for the gravCWbi dlli dke oi tkwrtcr, mdniweC&rd/iutcdforboSLtk-&dudtkdlcctdtutra-ciort.l -mpm(-19td, p3U,mm3).
Christiansen (1979) and S & e k (1983,1984). Sebrema (1983,1984) h w s an open
Recen@, hmtigaïon ofLauhiac femaa in the qgion ofthe ClCuanta Riwr
flow directionai indiamm w g g d q th wrta flowed aorthwcctiiimd kmtbe direction
ofLake Agas& nit0 the adkt have W idaititiad (Smith d Fi , 1993; F i 1993;
Fisbet ind s e 1994).
~ C 2 M u f a P 1 : ~ t . i W U A g ~ . t 9 $ 0 0 B P ( . c o m r ~ d r Y L ~ ~ p d ~ r u d L a ; tat d& about 70,MMl Id urr, to tbe I.kr (Fbher, 1-3, p 138, figure 6.1).
4.2.2 acinrater Spiüway Evûîma
Tbcbadoftbeproposedwithwcaaa~~dilfletîsontheast-west
~Ci tuwitaRivarppdmte iySOhnNNWofL.Locbq Subtchewm(sec
Fie. 4-3). At tbir point the W e S t W U d u CltrrriPrter Riva eaan tbe ~~- lo~gAthk#SPiiwiy, almgeu--dey233 kmIon&witbamrrriminnrdi~of
235 m, anaqedepthof 120n~m4 ~d~mer4pwidth0f4hn.û~o~ghwhichth
modem Clauwater Riva ~ a r as m u d d t rtmm (Fisber rad Smith, 1994). Tbh
sphya6cidrwertwudhitsbadfot 148 kmwbaq atFortMeMuiniy,Abcrta, it
joinstheAthbuaRiver, kadrnortbwudfot~otha85bn,daadrrttbelrtc
Pleistooene Athrbuci bnid delta (Fiirbcr, 1993) @g. 4-3).
Tbc had of the spiuni.y k a large auastomshg cornplat ofchameh separateci by
aosional rrridurl islu. The srrbüizad Enierson P b Lake Agas& anta phne at the
head of the Clcuwtta rpPllany ir pmjected to k about 438 m @hhef rnd Smith, 1994).
[email protected]~tbidthirwutbe
highest I d ofthe rpithmy @hkr, 1993). F i (1993) su~ertr tbit a witcr pûne at
490 m muid bave bœa rMe to ovaitop the Iowa# point dong the C M - M i c k h t
-edM&-podMytbcBol~~tRivaMOnine-dt&awaildhnnWthe
o u t i e t i i n t i i t b e I d ~ r t 4 3 8 m
1ncoa5nrS,- t . (1419) ud Scbrrina (l983.1984) -est tM the
C 1 ~ S ~ y w u f 0 Z I I # d b y ~ ~ o f g l d r l M ; # d 0 ~ W q w h i c h L y t o t h
wertofthemririmaimntearofLJca~hthU@on(~Fig 2-15). ! k h m k
(1983,1984) propod that Medow Lake dniaed werrwud through the CleamWcr
Fig. 4-3 Tôe atudy urri of Fbhtr (1993) abaning tbe g q n p h i c estent of the c k . r i V i t e c - ~ e r Athabasca rpiOIvry and delta (Fbber, 1993, p. 3, figure 1.1).
~ ~ T L c 1 o ~ m o r t l e t ~ b n ( . t i o i t o t k N o r r r o u u d U p p c r C m p k P ~ . k r p L w r pbtted peapemdiciilu to tkTdlcr a d T L a r k Y i (1983) h b a w (Fiahet ud SmMb, i994, p%56,~mlI).TLcmiiiodf~Pl~d~rtnidPicloup~t.~rortlwii mgbm @dt aïde dfLii diagram) to tk pm@ttd eqriivrlcnti rbove 438 m ia tbe mthwat itu tk Ckmaîer SpPlivry.
Lower CampbeU
Beach Ridge/Sand Spit r Esammernt I
P i g . S I L l 1 : 6 o ~ r i i p l d e I k g ~ r u t ~ d t b e W 8 p ~ ~ NnaIibtbetrpdthe pbotn T k U p p c r C u p k l ( u n c c d Y ) L a b c v L r # l c i . ~ d r i ~ d t k p l o t o , b u t ~ u ~ - t u h q p ~ t L s d ~ d t b H Y i t o ~ ~ T b W r C . r p k l ( d S ) b a ~ ~ W ~ ~ b ~ i i ~ r o r t i d t k p W u d i i & t i i t k h r ~ d ~ U p p r C m ~ ~ t ) u r t b t L t m r t h d t h h p b b . A ~ d s Y l i r ~ & ( ~ A ) p a d y v l r l L b a i t k i o r l k . r t r i k o f t b e photo obrcurea the itrsmbltir (tugford, 1973, p. 30, plab 10).
Lake Agassiz * W
~ S 2 l C r a r r c t i r U ~ ~ L B r o l r c i ~ W t a . I k 1 I C ~ . C 9 ~ i 7 0 ~ f ~ ~ B ~ j ~ rbove r tLti g d raY tkugbt to compmd to tk p r q n d i t b i dtk Upptr C-pM bmcb spft (M-n, pnp).
sedimeatr (dt md chy) iadidw of like Aga& dimamuion. Depth #nindines of the
ovaothapoaot t luwn,hu imporedr~dddaroroatbcMcf l i t cr . For
- UNCORRECTED OF POSrnON - CORRECTED SPHERE
s W ~ t b c a o d b a O i o a a t h c b 8 s e r & a v a ~ ~ ~ & l o o p h d t o
h~0rp0~~~minyhiownkncbmub~poogb~~t0baur0~~~8biownp0~0f
refwcnce @g. 6-5). The nnt ad lut point of ach unay loop WU Woea it the ne
1oc&m,inr9yini~Iotrdjiaatothehua~~tbCbUCrrcsivarwul~.
Tbishd~monitotuiypoocmtldritththeu~yddibmthbeeiaaiQg~ftbclo~pt~
t h e d Atthccadofthea~vyIoop, 9thcdrtrhmbothtbeôuerndnmrn#iven
weredownloukdintoduIiptopcompita. F r o m t h e r e , t h c R e l t n c c ~ t s o f t w u e
correction values tban othrr (me fbr example 65-c229 and 65-s-224 in atmy 0720 - AppendP). 'Iht umt IJp3r idkates in soma ofthe suppîied bachmdc infbdon.
T h e s u p p W ~ ~ ~ w a e r h m g r c b e c l r s d i e i U p t t b e ~ f i d d l d o n
o f t h e ~ s o t h r t r e a a r y o f t h e ~ d r s i c o u l d b e ~ . Pthcaseof
benebiiprlr 8 1-MM4 IHIU Swia River, ( a u ~ y 0726). th infodoa
placed thebmcbmulrrt8ôout4,2W mwthoftbeaorawdrwbemitwufwadhthc
fieid! I*~cuqthcupp~ddd~~~~l~tokrcaintc,kitthsbatiu,nSrl
i n f O r m v t i o n w u ~ ~ r t h c a t i m i t s d t r u i d o a d f i m m a 1:5O,ûûû rcilcNïS
map. ~kndmirlitOuidintbtfiddhrdmooadiaite~rrmfiona~1eaOmthc
GeOCktk~o f raa rb80 ~ d h m 8 1 : ~ o , ~ r c i k ~ p ~ a e ~ . One
beachark in uch riimy bop, judged to k the most accmte eitba kcauc tbe supplieci
5-31, t l rn should be in &quate cahute for the site location aror of a data point on a
Campbeli Strriidlines , .
Bach RidgdShnd Spit r i [ r q m e a t -- Interpolrtul
%tu -1 Dauphin, Manitoba Sheet 62N
I r A
f . C œ
$ B p I J , Y : 3 Swan River, Manitoba f E - r Map Sheet 63C
- l x 3 . - C 3, !,a (3 t
N
I I 1 I 1 -
- Cirpkn-a
- Hudron Bay, Sarkatchewu M8p ShdS 63D md
1
I I 1
wcre urcd to mih implications about icc mar@ positions during tbe mid-Emnon P b
- Map Sbeet 73-1 *2
GPS Data Points
7.3.1 StrriPdline Evideoce
T k i m ~ o n t b i t t b c U ~ ~ ~ ~ o a t h c
n o i t h w i a t a n i d s o f t h c W ~ W I @ i i 7-2) ~ t h s t h e ~ o n t o t h t ~ o f
theWapiwe~Billrnub~ocbcdbyiœtltbiroimc T k i d u o f c i n i a ~ a t t b i s
l d o n ir aot aew. This k the rpproxunrSe locrtion of tbe 11,000 BP iœ margh depicteci
135
pmdco&udmdrbeicenniFgPr k d u w i a F i i 7 - 8 , t & m - d m m ~ h t h e
h r c k M o ~ 1 1 t r i n m d P o r a i p i a e B i n , m r i t r a n d h i m o r t m ~ ( v r m ~ )
direction thm did t& Tella rad Tboricifinn (19û3) bôms. Tbb ni88cff, tbe doser
p r r w a e c d h t o r b c ~ ~ t b e m d ~ P b o q m g ~ a t b a 1 ~ 0 1 1 0 f T h e
[email protected]). ' I b t r o d n w a i i o b w r ~ t k P u q u t ~ t o t h c W ~
Hillr~~thtnLtmlya~~prrrcn~a~fiaahaie~i~ditecdyto~iiath.
ruesimeat show good qmanmt with the 9,500 BP ice moda ofEùigb (1987) w~g. 7-
IO), aswelias thegenmlahpeoftheiœ~rtrbait 10,ûûOBP sbownby Dykeand
Pmt (1987). A coapritoa ofboth the Tella ind Thodeiibn (1983) h h e trrnd d the
n c w U o k & t r r a d w i t h t h e k ~ 0 n o f ~ ( 1 9 8 7 ) is dmwninFiguru 7-11 rnd
7-12, and indi- that the Tdkr ud Thoridbon (1983) bobau only ibow the genarl
diractiondtbe~ice~wbcrarrthencwisobua~emoresciiriimtoindividual
icc lobes.
NI,
C: Present Day
mptu a ~cboriaa UR^ I- M.* ~mpiicia~ar for ~ o r l h r ~ t t m Outlet and GIobrl Enviionmœtaî Chaqp
8.1 htroduction
Prcvioudy pubüs&d work by Fir&r (1993) and Fii&r d Siaah (1994) on the
Mow the levd wtiiirnui by F i (1W3) anil Fubef md Smith (1994.) Fi. 4-51.
T h e ~ ~ ~ O t l c b G m d i s f i k i b w l b y ~ t k ~ i n d e v r a i o n k t w c c a t & t w o
~ t ~ d ü a e r r t r r y g i v a i ~ r a d d M d L i g b y t h e ~ ~ a a m t o f t i m e t b i t ~ d
khaacnthttwbbakds FaT~8.1,tbcm#iatd~ttmcUai;nutwitoba300
*(crlervlv)ge~r. Tbc9,35OBPRdioaiboaQtc, tbemoatrr+énrdate.LcuIEilted
w i t h t h e U p p c c C l i i i p k n ~ m T ~ S . 1 , L u r d ~ t o cshate the terii3miaion of
tkupprcmpbakvd. The9.100BPnliocribonditc,tbcdptpcopo~aHtbeendof
the Emerson P b in Section 5.32, u used to aciriut. the tammaion oftk Loam
Cimpbcnlevd ~ ~ t b c r t & ~ t 0 r i d a c r l y ~ r n ~ h t c d ~ 8 ~ 0 f l ~
daivcd b m tree r@ daa (&ndI rad Tdkr, 1994) ri û-2). nit puta the U'
Clinpkn- 0 t rbair 10,3ûûidarlyamBP, iodtbeLowaCimpkutead&on
at about 10,000 sidarl yan BP.
LONG LAKE
4' Q I
8 8 $
w' A C 8 $ 3 J &f 3 (r' 9 3
w 0 â b 4 O O 8 j
6.5 - a
- a
- -:g - 7.0
I
II
7.5 - - -
Base of cas
8rmn 8 black gyttja
Plant detritus bands in grey sanûy cby
Grey silty / sanûy clay I
. Coarse sand
Light and dark grey Laminated to varue-like cfay
. Banded fine sand
O 10 Coarse sand
1
l b
!
l
I I
~ ' ~ 0 (K. PDB) Reworked (K) 1 0 * -1 -2 -3 1 1 10 100
depth (cm)
averqe 9,869 BP F i , 1993, Fuhar rad Smith, 1994), evbaœ h m the Lake Aguru
subglagrl or supagLarl tllCM)* depositcd the drtcd maerLl Qted by Fisba (1993) and
Br&, W.S., Petet, D., and Riad, D., 1985, Datr the -stmosph= sysian have more thui oie stable mode of opension?; N i , 315, p. 21-25.
BrOecltct, W. S., Kcnaeq I. P., Flower, B. P., Teila. JIM~ T., Tmabore, S., Boaani, G., rnd W- W., 1989, of dtmter h m the -de iœ rhaa durhg the Younger Dryu cold -, Nrdvn (Loadon), 341, p. 3 18-321.
Chckbseq Eh, 1979, The Wmnhaa degkhion of #utban S . i i n t c k a i m rnd rdjace&t MU; Canarb'm J i i of E;ortlC Scicna, 16 (41, p. 913-938.
Cîayton, L., and M;oma, S R , 1982, CbtomIogy of lrtbWmmhm m o n in middle North Amesicr; Quai- Wews, 1, p. 55-82.
De Gœt, G., 1892, On Pleistoceoe chmgu oflml in cuian North Amaica; Pm. B-091 Sor Na HW. 25 p. 45441,470477.
Dyke, AS., and Pmt, VK, 1987, Lra Wmmha rnd &oIoceae bistory of tbc Tsurentide Ict S w WqrqphiepkVsi~ et ~~, 41, p. 237-263.
Elson, I. A, 1%7, Geology of G W Lake In hhyer-O8kes, W.J. (ai.), L@e t r p d d Wotcr. W e Unmrcity of MhnMmnCrr p. 37-95.
Gddthwot, LW., 1908, A mamtrdon of- ~ ~ M C S of tbe utinct gLQll War in the Laice Michigan kiii; J Gd., 16, p. 459476.
H w Tho- A, 19%, The gloimi positionhg Scicltnfc Am-, F e b ~ u y , 1996, p. 44-50.
Hobbs, H o d C., 1983, D m h p nlrtionibip of glrctl h ù t Aiticin rnd Uphm and eUtyL;ihAgrsiizinnortheirtanMinnesotr;InTdla. fames T., andClayton, Lee (&), G W k r b e, S p i d P w - GaoI~@d &dation of Cliidq 26, p. 245-259.
RW-, 1989, Qutaiiirlr-dtbraudianCliadirnimiiapliinr; In: Fuhon, RRI. (ed.), Qmtmmyasabgy of Caadi, d G m - Gaoiogid Survcy of Cliub/Gedogicil Sway of Amaria, Tb ofNorth Amaica, K-1, p. 138473.
Laneforci, F. P., 1973, The geology of the WrplwddO Sdotcbcwrn. Report; of MkdRrsaaru (R@@,73-1,36 m.
Laiiefod, F. F., 1977, Nonhan adm of Lake Agassiz in as&m Ssdutchewui; &dian htmdof Eotk S%imœs, 14 (6), p. 12861291.
Lwmett, F., rad Taylor, F.B., 1915, Tbe PIehUxene of Iadiini iad Michigan and the history 0 t h G r a t a USGSMonopph 53,529 pp.
Mom, SR, 1%9, Gad= ofthe Hudson Bay uq S- PhS. Thesis, CmwWsiry of mm, 1190 pp.
Scbniba, Bryur 1.,1983, Lalm Agriiit in sUacbmq In: Mer, James 1..
S c h m b , B. T., 1984, Quiraiprry g w l o ~ y of tbe R e a d h a Shidd; Suhtdwwrn. Report - Gcdk@ClYJSq (1978). 221,106 pp.
Smith, D.G., and F i i , TGe, 19%, T ' o n of the Y m e r Dryrc: The Northwcst adkt flood o f b Aps& awai mecbmkq In: î k Gèwd Wev ofAnmcaAnnutdNrrcbrrcbODtQfMee~- 1996, p m p m p r o l l n m ~ Abstnct 50121.
TeMer, J. T., 1985, GLetl Lake Agirriz and ita h&mœ on tbc Gtmt In:Kun,w, PX., md calki& PB. (ab.), PvarrnrTy -011 of th OrauriLoks, GeoIogical -OII of Ciadi Spactl Prpa 30, p. 1-16.
Tdla, J. T., 1989, Iiapotttoce of the Rosmdak site in mtWdhg a A.g(.yj.l ~ 1 o a y 8 h m g t b e ~ ~ d ~ ~ I œ S ~ ~ -, 32 (1). p. 1244.
Tellu, J. T., rad Clayton, L. (&.), 1983, GGocfdtak Agppdr. Gedogicrl Auodaion of clid. S p d d Pipa 25, p. 97-1 15.
Tdkrs J.T., and Thoddbn, LX, 1983, The Lake AgUru - h k e SItpaior Connection; InrTella, J.T., d Cliytoq L. (eds.), GlocfolL4b Alpsir. GAC S m Pipa 25. p. 261-290.
Tdlar. J.T., rad Thodcifj,n, L.H., 1987, Cmsmpbic floodiaq into the Great War fiom Lake AguPS In: Miya, L., rnd Nash, D. (eda), CbmmpMc Fbod#lig, Allen ad U m Bootoh p. 1212-138.
1. Survy0717: hRonge, Subtchcann 2. Survy 0718: La Ronge, SubtcbciRPi 3. S u n y 0718b: La Roqge. S a s k a k b m 4. Survcy0719: S h t d m ~ 5. Survy 0720: Li RoalEe, Sulotchswin 6. S w y 0722: Nipiarin. h b t c k n m 7. Surveg 0722ô: NtpiwiiS SuhtebcwDa 8. Suny 0723: Ntp.Wm, SIllPtcbema 9. SurvyO~FnirltafiBay, SuhSebswin
10. S u ~ y 0725: Budron Bay, Siibtebswrn 11. swrcy07ub: audiaaBy, SukibcheaM 12. S w y 0726: Swan RMr, Mintob. 13. Sunay 0727: Swan R h , Miiiitok 14. Survy û727b: Daqhh, h#&Wm 15. suny0728: DruphiaMiiiibobi
mi wco a w m Hl a'# il rc m bor œ w 49 lc # bol WCQ bs Le bs Wb W H 4 œ # rn a#'# @b ec bs HL am tc )f w 40) OQ# n te m MI is4# a oc m Wb a'# W A2 # SOL U# Qt 6b # Wb Ot'OP # P 99 mi wm rc a m
0- n .ri ,n *m
D I W W W P ~ C I OP'00l CO SOL W# D l OC W W-l a
m A- IlOum Ck =)O) 01 E l ' Wb OQ# te bs # )ÇC- IW u w a O'- CI m u t œ t )O) ET# ts 1c rn ozmm W)O AU^ W ~ P O ) O ~ ct =)QI oc CI ~1 WH EI oc # la- mm mi#n ~ w m s o am1 Cr mr cor or4m ce s m am
W ' 4 1w (Ium .-NUI k.i .* ,krl .IYc( m mm ,m *m '-"""CI(I a-