Ebiji Akah, 1st Year Graduate Civil Engineering StudentDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University

Acknowledgments• Associate Professor Yu-Chen Ou, National Taiwan

University of Science and Technology

• Professor Shyh-Jiann Hwang, National Taiwan

University

• Wen-Cheng Shen, Assistant Researcher at National

Applied Research Laboratories

• National Center for Research on Earthquake

Engineering (NCREE)

• Knowlton School of Architecture, Ohio State University

• College of Engineering, Ohio State University

References• Taipei 101 Financial Center Corp.

• Structural Design of Composite Super-Columns

• Structural Details of Taipei 101

• Structural Design of Taipei 101 Tower

• Taipei 101 Newsletter (08/06)

• Taipei 101 Newsletter (08/07)

• NTUST Structures Brochure

• Taiwan Country

InnovationStructural Design

Sectional systems of 8 floors:

• Autonomous

• Independent sections

• Connects mega columns to center

• Steel outrigger truss system

• Simplifies structural integrity

“Transcends ‘uni-body’ concept of structures”

IntroductionBackground

Taipei 101:

• Completed in December 2004

• Located in the Hsinyi District

• 101 floors & 508 meters (1,667 ft)

• 28 columns + 8 mega-columns

• High strength steel and concrete

“New financial landmark with the idea

of ‘Asian Taipei-Manhattan’”

“Taipei 101 redefines T.A.I.P.E.I”

• Technology - Tuned Mass Damper

• Art - Façade System

• Innovation - Structural Design

• People - Structural Supports

• Environment - Protection

• Identity - Taiwan

“An outstanding landmark is enough to transform a city”

Environment

Protection

• Resist earthquakes in 2,500 year cycle

• Resist winds of 60 m/s (134 mph)

• LEED Platinum certified

Piles

• 380 for foundation

• 1.5 m diameter

• 4000 ton compression

(static)

• 2200 ton tension

(static)

• 2000 ton compression

(dynamic)

“Harmony between building and its natural environment”

ArtFaçade System

• 7 degree slant

• “take-out” dishes

• decreases wind effects

Curtain walls:

• Transparent & Non-reflective

• Heat-reflective & Energy efficient

Recommendations

For Taiwan

• Focus on resilience + sustainability for new structures

• Retrofitting old buildings to new standards

• Incorporating high strength materials into high-rises

For Future Structures

• Unique designs based on society, history, and culture

• Focus on incorporating sustainability and LEED

• Multi-purpose buildings to increase visitation

The Lesson

Greatest challenges in designing a statement building:

• Is not the construction technology involved

• Is how the building reflects the culture in which it

functions

• The spirit of architecture lies between local culture and

internationalism

In the West…

• A tall building demands respect and attention from the

spectators

To Asians…

• A tall building symbolizes a broader understanding and

anticipation of things to come: we ‘climb’ in order to

‘see further’

“Bringing Taipei to the World”

Taipei 101: Redefining the Identity of Structures

TechnologyTuned Mass Damper

• World’s largest damper

• Reduces swaying by 40%

• 660 metric tons

• 5.5 m diameter

• Spans 5 stories

• 41 layers of 12.5 cm thick steel plates

Damper baby

• Advertise merchandise

• $1.5 million NTD/month

• Symbolize technology

PeopleStructural Supports

Uses of numeral “8” lucky number

• 8 sections:

8 floors per section

• 8 cables support damper

• 8 horizontal hydraulics

stabilize damper

• 8 slanted hydraulics

stabilize damper

• 8 mega-columns

• 2.4 m x 3.0 m x

0.8 m

• Concrete: 69 MPa

(fc’ = 10,000 psi)

• Steel: 510 MPa

(fy = 74 ksi)

• Impact absorption

energy

Symbolizes history and culture

Identity

Taiwan

• Symbol for country

• Unique architecture benefits building

• New simplified design method

• Incorporation of culture

• Integrated into environment