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Ebiji Akah, 1st Year Graduate Civil Engineering StudentDepartment of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University
Acknowledgments• Associate Professor Yu-Chen Ou, National Taiwan
University of Science and Technology
• Professor Shyh-Jiann Hwang, National Taiwan
University
• Wen-Cheng Shen, Assistant Researcher at National
Applied Research Laboratories
• National Center for Research on Earthquake
Engineering (NCREE)
• Knowlton School of Architecture, Ohio State University
• College of Engineering, Ohio State University
References• Taipei 101 Financial Center Corp.
• Structural Design of Composite Super-Columns
• Structural Details of Taipei 101
• Structural Design of Taipei 101 Tower
• Taipei 101 Newsletter (08/06)
• Taipei 101 Newsletter (08/07)
• NTUST Structures Brochure
• Taiwan Country
InnovationStructural Design
Sectional systems of 8 floors:
• Autonomous
• Independent sections
• Connects mega columns to center
• Steel outrigger truss system
• Simplifies structural integrity
“Transcends ‘uni-body’ concept of structures”
IntroductionBackground
Taipei 101:
• Completed in December 2004
• Located in the Hsinyi District
• 101 floors & 508 meters (1,667 ft)
• 28 columns + 8 mega-columns
• High strength steel and concrete
“New financial landmark with the idea
of ‘Asian Taipei-Manhattan’”
“Taipei 101 redefines T.A.I.P.E.I”
• Technology - Tuned Mass Damper
• Art - Façade System
• Innovation - Structural Design
• People - Structural Supports
• Environment - Protection
• Identity - Taiwan
“An outstanding landmark is enough to transform a city”
Environment
Protection
• Resist earthquakes in 2,500 year cycle
• Resist winds of 60 m/s (134 mph)
• LEED Platinum certified
Piles
• 380 for foundation
• 1.5 m diameter
• 4000 ton compression
(static)
• 2200 ton tension
(static)
• 2000 ton compression
(dynamic)
“Harmony between building and its natural environment”
ArtFaçade System
• 7 degree slant
• “take-out” dishes
• decreases wind effects
Curtain walls:
• Transparent & Non-reflective
• Heat-reflective & Energy efficient
Recommendations
For Taiwan
• Focus on resilience + sustainability for new structures
• Retrofitting old buildings to new standards
• Incorporating high strength materials into high-rises
For Future Structures
• Unique designs based on society, history, and culture
• Focus on incorporating sustainability and LEED
• Multi-purpose buildings to increase visitation
The Lesson
Greatest challenges in designing a statement building:
• Is not the construction technology involved
• Is how the building reflects the culture in which it
functions
• The spirit of architecture lies between local culture and
internationalism
In the West…
• A tall building demands respect and attention from the
spectators
To Asians…
• A tall building symbolizes a broader understanding and
anticipation of things to come: we ‘climb’ in order to
‘see further’
“Bringing Taipei to the World”
Taipei 101: Redefining the Identity of Structures
TechnologyTuned Mass Damper
• World’s largest damper
• Reduces swaying by 40%
• 660 metric tons
• 5.5 m diameter
• Spans 5 stories
• 41 layers of 12.5 cm thick steel plates
Damper baby
• Advertise merchandise
• $1.5 million NTD/month
• Symbolize technology
PeopleStructural Supports
Uses of numeral “8” lucky number
• 8 sections:
8 floors per section
• 8 cables support damper
• 8 horizontal hydraulics
stabilize damper
• 8 slanted hydraulics
stabilize damper
• 8 mega-columns
• 2.4 m x 3.0 m x
0.8 m
• Concrete: 69 MPa
(fc’ = 10,000 psi)
• Steel: 510 MPa
(fy = 74 ksi)
• Impact absorption
energy
Symbolizes history and culture
Identity
Taiwan
• Symbol for country
• Unique architecture benefits building
• New simplified design method
• Incorporation of culture
• Integrated into environment