10 Years of Open Content
David Wiley, PhDBrigham Young University
Instructional Psychology & Technology
History?
http://flickr.com/photos/scragz/91147636/
Personal history
http://www.marshall.edu/finance/avpadmin/BlockM.jpg
http://flickr.com/photos/jamoker/502625172/
http://adsoftheworld.com/media/print/ana_bookstore?size=_original
Free software
http://www.softpanorama.org/People/Stallman/Images/saintignucius.jpg
http://www.flickr.com/photos/49968232@N00/2549830623http://www.flickr.com/photos/95229107@N00/1817276189 http://www.flickr.com/photos/95229107@N00/2125865619
“Freedom”
http://flickr.com/photos/henrikmoltke/2713574899/
Winter, 1998
http://www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/files/www.freesoftwaremagazine.com/nodes/2565/raymond007-5-2.jpg
“Goodbye, Free Software; Hello, Open Source”
http://www.digijet.net/img/opensource.gif
http://www-acerc.byu.edu/Figures/BYUMedallionSM1.jpg
Let’s do this for content
A GPL for content?
free? open?
education? culture? content? materials?
stuff? works?
OpenContent Principles / License (OP/L)
Principles in a license?
http://www.softpanorama.org/People/Stallman/Images/saintignucius.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/ImageNupedia.png
Little uptake in education
Education = Publishers
So, in 1999...
http://flickr.com/photos/x180/888971170/
Would you publish openly?
What do publishers want?
Protect from undercutting
What do authors want?
Recognition
Protect work’s integrity
Open Publication License
Allows what you’d expect
Requires attribution
Two options
Option ATo prohibit distribution of substantively modified
versions without the explicit permission of the author(s)
Option BTo prohibit any publication of this work or derivative
works in whole or in part in standard (paper) book form for commercial purposes unless prior permission is
obtained from the copyright holder.
Much better uptake!
http://gimp-savvy.com/BOOK/grokking-the-gimp.gif
But there were problems
OP/L vs OPL
Calling both the “open content license”
OPL options A and B
Who named these?!?
And how do I tell?
btw, I’m not a lawyer
How do we fix this?
We don’t have to!
http://flickr.com/photos/35034363287@N01/2236177028/
Dec 2002, CC licenses
1.0 licenses
Attribution election
Noncommercial election
No Derivatives election
Not one license w/ options
Multiple, named licenses
CC By or
CC By-NC-ND
(Still a button problem)
2.0 licenses
Attribution mandatory
(Back to OPL structure)
Later fixed the buttons!
Skipping ahead... (GFDL)
Where are we today?
How much open content?
Over 75,000,000 photos (CC)
Over 7,000,000 articles (GFDL)
10,818 Albums, 6,186 Artists (CC)
430,000 audio recordings (CC)
8,000 Songs, 580 Albums, 250 Artists (CC)
417,000 Videos (CC)
125,871 Moving Images, 51,454 Live audio,276,179 Audio recordings, 466,065 Texts (var)
And in education?
“Open Educational Resources” (2002)
4,000 university courses (CC)
500 university textbooks (var)
16,000 K-12 curriculum units (CC)
Over 1600 individuals and 160 organizations
Not bad for 10 years!
The next 10 years?
4 books in 25 university beta fall 08 (CCPlus)
Public, online, exclusively open curriculumApproved 2008, Opens 2009
The disaggregation of higher education
HE provides:
• Content
• Learning support
• Credentials
From nothing to here in 10 years...
Rate of disaggregation will continue to increase
Next 10 years look very exciting!
Where will you take OE?
Thank You
http://davidwiley.org/