rHESEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER[VOL. XIX.. NO. 52. SEATTLE. WASHINGTON. TIIUBSDAY. -JANUARY t. 1891. FORTY-PAGE EDITION.

lOWNTOA GIANTLtle, Rnler of the Hun-

dred-Harbored Sea.

OTY OF OVER 60,000.

Advancement Dur-ing the Year 1890.

fcT INCREASE OF TRADE.

rtiTC Point of Extraordinary

Railroad Activity.

ItjSum* Kiriendfd In New Stone,

m, Brick and Residence Buildings

Extension of Street Railways? In-

nm of Property Values?Develop-

pat of Manufacture* Churches,

ffcnol* and Public Institutions

rowth ofSohnrhs?Unfailing Energy

fibs People?The Social Element.

Stories; the Gordon hardware buildin*.si* stories; the Washington block, six?tones; the Union block, four stories: theban Francisco store,four stories .comprisingone block north to Colombia street, with anew stone building of Mr. Yesler on thesite of the old Yesler-Leary building, nextto the Boyd building, under course of con-struction. The next block nortb is cov-ered with the Colman building; the nextblock with a solid row of four and tivc-story buildings, and thence on up streetwith occasional structures, prominentamongst which is the seven-story Gilmorebuilding, larger than the Palace hotel incan Francisco. On the other side of thestreet is the Pioneer building mentionedbefore; the Fremont, four stories; theScheuerrnan, three stories; the Sulli-van block, four stories; the Gott-«*,n. fth stories. In the nextblock is a solid row of three-story build-mgs; then the four-story Frye building,and many others. On Commercial street,below Occidental cquare, Front street isrivalled in appearance by splendid rows ofbuildings, beginning with the stoneOlympic and \ esler and t.ve-story Terry-Denny buildings. On South Second streetthere are many magniucent buildings,prominent among which are the seven-story Seattle National hank and the six-story Jesse W. George buildings. Thencomes the Occidental block, covering anentire triangular square. On Second street,parallel with Front, is a of mag-ni.,cent building*, chief of which are theButler, six stories, the Harmburg. solidstone, six stories; the WashingtonTerritory Investment Company, threestories: and for the succeeding two blocksa solid run of four and live-story buildings.Next is the i.ne Burke block?six stories?-and a number of other smaller buildings.On the cast side of the st reet is the four-story Boston block. On Third street isthe live-story Seattle block, and just be-low it is the foundation for the tux-storystone and brick building of Dexter Horton. Elsewhere throughout the city arebuildings notably beautiful and tasteful.Details are monotonous, as they involve along description of structures that togetherform a very creditable and costly displayof the enterprise and public spirit of thepeople of Seattle.

splendid new residence surrounded bystumps, trees or underbrush. Often, assoon as the lot is cleared, the work of con-struction begins. An air of newness iseverywhere prevalent. There has heen notime to make smooth the rough aspect ofthin{s and to give them that neat and tidyappearance to be found only in older com-munities. The uneven surface of theground has a great many advantages notobtained in level cities. It gives evctyonea chance to adapt his house to the and-scape, and to give the house and lawn anindividuality of its own. Amongst athousand dwellings of the same gradenearly everyone has some peculiar featurethat distinguishes it from its fellows.

There is a number of very t.ne residencesin Seattle that will compare favorahly withany on the Coast. Amongst them are theYesler mansion, one of the i.nest andlargest north of San Francisco; the newresidence of Mr. Otto Ranfce, on Madisonstreet, and those of Colonel G. O. Haller,John Collins, Mr. E. O.Graves, Mr. GeorgeKinnear, Dr. Churchill, the Rainier cluband a number of others. Residences ofsecond grade, costing from SIO,OOO to$30.000, are so numerous as to prohibitmention.

and of Washington. Steamers from Seat-tle reach every bay and inlet of the Soundand Hood's canal, bringing produce, pas-sengers and shipments of every sort, andcarrying the traffic of Seattle merchantsand jobbers. It is estimated that there arehandled daily in Seattle in local and oceanvessels, and by railroads, over 10,000 tons.The steamers secure their supplies here.They are largely owned here, and areoperated by Seattle crews.

The future of Seattle as a oommerci-*port is not a matter of speculation. Thecompletion and operation of competingtranscontinental railroads will doubtlessbring the establishment of a line of steam-ships to the Orient and islands of the Pa-ci..c. The shipment of grain to Europe iscertain to be enormous. The output ofthe Kirkland iron works will be carriedlargely by water to coast and foreign ports.The local trade is certain to grow.

The records in the office ol the UnitedStates steamboat inspectors of PugetSound show that during the yearI?S90, 193 vessels were inspected.Of these 104 were inspected atSeattle and Lake Washington, twenty-three at Tacoma, twenty at Alaska, andtifteen on Gray's Harbor. The remainderare distributed at other points on Pugetsound. There are yet ten steamboats,newly constructed, to be inspected, ofwhich two belong in Seattle, making atotal of 10G for this city. This inspectiondistrict includes Puget sound, Gray's har-bor and Alaska. It is the tifth in impor-tance in the United States, being excelledonly by New York, Boston, Philadelphiaand Sail Francisco. The number of ves-sels inspected in 18S4 was i.fty-seven; in18*0 the number had grown to 150, and in1890 to 193. an increase in one year of forty-three. The ugures are signiiicant of therelation of Seattle to other points on theSound.

jumped from sixteenth to fifth placeamongst cities of the Pari tic coast. Noman can say what its position ten yearshence will be. A much le*s ratio of in-crease in population, in wealth, in im-portance, will place it ahead ol" San Fran-cisco in 1900.

bushels of wheat. The warehouse is 521feet long by 125 feet wide and two storieshigh. The elevator extends up throughthe center 125 feet above the hrst floor.Two ships of about 2.500 tons each havetaken cargoes of » heat at the elevator sinceits completion, and there are now storedthere 3, >OO tons of wheat. 1,000 tons of bar-ley, 2,000 tons of oats, 12,500 barrels ofcement, seven tons of tin from Englandand five car loads of hops. Owing to thecar famiue and the difficulty of gettingwheat transported from Eastern Washing-ton, the shipment of wheat from the ele-vator has l>een much lighter than it other-wise would have been.

It is estimated that from 60.000 to 100.000tons will be shipped from Seattle duringthe year, loading from thirty to tiftyvessels.

three-quarter miles of double track streetrailway!, making the total mileage oftrack sixty-one ami one-half.

Th* tables given below show in detailwhat has been done and is being done inthe way of new construction. The ap-parent discrepancy between the table oftrack in operation and of track constructedand put in operation is due to the factthat, where a single-track road has had asecond track laid, the new track is in-cluded as single track in the table of roadconstructed.

THE LUMBER INDUSTRY.

Seattle the Center of » .Mighty Manu-facturing Circle-

Seattle has for years maintained thecommercial and financial supremacy ofthe Puget sound region, and as such hasbeen the center of its chief industry?thelumber trade. Take a pair of dividers anddescribe a circle with a radius of fortymiles around Seattle. Within this circleare now annually cut 900.000,000 feet oflumber. For the past thirty years therehas been cut an average of 400,i000,000 an-nually in the same territory. The pioneermillionaire corporations of Port Discovery,Port Hadlock. Port Ludlow, Port Gamble,Port Madison, Port Blakeley and Utsalady,and the great mills ofSeattle, Tacoma andGig Hurbor, are all within the area repre-sented by this circle. With the single ex-ception of the Nooksack, this circle in-cludes the months of all the greatrivers of the Sound. The great logginghighways, the Skagit, the Stillaguamish,the Snohomish, the Duwamish, the Puy-*llup, the Nisqually, the Skukornish rivers,and lakc3 Samamish and Washington,which, with their tributaries, affordthousands of miles of waterway, linedwith forests. They bear down annuallyhundreds ofmillions of feet of logs, whichare boomed for market at their mouths.The immense logging plants at Little andBig Skookum, and the Satsop and Unionriver logging railroads are all within thiscircle. It also includes the entire lengthof Hood's canal. From this it will be 6ecnthat nearly nine-tenths of the inagniucentforest wealth of the Puget sound basin,from the summit of the Cascades to thesummit of the Olympics, will be boomedwithin a radius of forty miles of Seattle.

No other region of the world can com-pete with Puget sound in the lumber mar-ket. The Sound, with its thousands ofmiles of shore line, and hundreds of har-bors, penetrating the densest growth ofmerchantable timber to be found on theearth's surface, affords facilities for plac-ing it in the markets of the world un-equalled by the famous fjords of Norway.The remotest harbor of the Sound is acces-sible to the deepest draft merchant vessel.Lumber is sawed at seaports, and loadeddirectly from the mill wharf to ships andcarried to any port of the world. For overtwenty-five years lumber has been ex-ported to South America, Australia,Europe and Asia, and has employed in itstransportation the vessels of all "maritimenations. The Sound is now shippinglumber to New York, Philadelphiaand Boston, transporting it 18,000 milesaround the Horn and competing success-fully with the mills of Wisconsin. Thenumerous harbors of the Sound affordmill sites in the midst of raw material.The adventurer, traveling the trailsof the Puget sound forests, buriedin their solitudes, is often brought to asudden realization that he is yet in a partof the civilized world by emerging fromthe wilderness at Port Discovery, PortMadison or Port Ludlow and seeing aris-ing among the tir trees the masts of a mer-chant aect loading lumber for Honolulu,Auckland, Melbourne and London.

Seattle is the center of this network ofharbors upon which the great mills arelocated. The wealth of the timlier trib-utary to Seattle is alone sufficient to builda great city. Lumber is one of the greatestelements of wealth that can be tributary toa city. It was the timber of the pineriesof Wisconsin and Minnesota that con-tributed, as much as anything else, towardmaking Chicago, and the lumber trade isone of the most important interests of thatgreat city today. Seattle has always beenthe trading center of the loggers ol theSound. It is here they buy theirsupplies, and it is here they come tospend their time when the camps areclosed. A large amount of the immensewealth realized by the milling companieshas been invested in Seattle. The captainsof the vessels engaged in the Puget soundlumber trade make their homes largely inSeattle.

The new construction in detail is as fol-lows:

On the Yesler avenne road the Jacksonstreet bridge has been abandoned, and anew double track has been laid alongRainier street, so that cars run to andfrom the power-house on the Yesler ave-nue trestle. A shed has been constructedat the power-house in order to have thecars under cover at the starting place.

The Front street cable road has been ex-tended from the Yesler triangle alongCommercial street to King street, where aturn table has been placed. The Uepotstreet power-house has been enlarged tohouse more cars, and the tracks at thepower-house have been lowered to thelevel of the door. A new turntable hasbeen built to accommodate the combina-tion cars, which are being introduced. Anextension of this road is under construc-tion up Poplar and Temperance streets toQueen Anne Town.

The Commercial street motor line hasbeen built to the head of the bay, a dis-tance oftwo miles, and cars have been run-ning on it from King street for severalmonths. A second track is now underconstruction, and it is intended to extendthis line several miles further south thisyear.

THE KIRKLAND IKON WORKS.

Establishment of an Industrial Enter-prise of Vast Importance.

Adjacent to Seattle are iron deposits ofvast extent and established value, and,with the advancement of the country,their development has been a matter ofcertainty. The Great Western Iron andSteel Works, successor to the Moss BayHematite Iron and Steel Company, is nowbuilding at the town of Kirkland, on theeast side of Lake Washington, oppositeSeattle, an extensive plant for the redac-tion of this ore. The company last Mayannounced its organization and intention,the following persons bcinc interested asstockholders: General Russell A. Alger,of Detroit, Mich.; Joshua M. Sears, ofBoston; H. A. Noble, of Des Moines, la.;J. L« Norton, of Chicago; Peter Kirk andW. W. Williams, formerly of England andnow of Kirkland, and Edward Blcwett,Jacob Furth, L. S. J. Ilunt andBailey Gatzert, of Seattle. Formerprojects for the establishment of theseworks had been delayed, and the now com-pany announced that the necessarj' moneywas at hand, and that it proposed to go towork immediately and carry its plans toexecution, expending $1,000,000 the hrstyear. It is evident at this time that thecompany is fuh.lling its promises. A largefoundry, machine shop, blacksmith shopand pattern shops are is course of erection,and a sawmill is in operation. On Novem-ber 22, 1800, a ship sailed from Englandwith 2,270 tons of iirebrick for the con-struction of the blast furnace, and anotherlarge vessel is about to leave with a cargoof firebrick and cement. The tirat namedwill arrive about March, and rapid con-struction of the blast furnace will follow.Alter the furnace is built tlie rolling millwill be built. The product of the blastfurnace will be used partly in manufactureof machinery. Two hundred and seventy-bve tonsof machinery have been purchasedin the East, and will be shipped to Kirk-land as soon as needed.

The iron ore to be used at the works willbe from the Denny mine, in the Snoqual-mie pass. A force of men is now engagedin opening up this mine, and a contracthas just been let for the extension of theSeattle, Lake Shore A Eastern from Salalprairie to the mine. The Northern PaciJicis likewise building from Palmer on itsmain line to the mines. The Lake Wash-ington belt line is graded from Renton toKirkland, and will be extended thence toconnection with the Lake Shore road nearRedmond, giving railroad communica-tion from Kirkland to the mines, and alsowith the Northern Pacmc railroad. Theobject of extension of the Lake Shore roadto the mines is, of course, to render theirproduct available.

The Denny iron mine is inexhaustible.It has been demonstrated by analysis andtest that it will make Bessemer steel offirst quality?indeed, it has been unquali-fiedly pronounced by skilled Eastern man-ufacturers the best Bessemer ore yet dis-covered. Following is an analysis ofsam-ples of ores:

LAKES WASHINGTON AND UNION.

Fresh Water Bodies That CombineBeauty and Utility.

The environment of Seattle is made ofespecial interest and beauty by the vicinageof Lakes Washington and Union. Theformer is a body of fresh water of greatdepth and from twenty-i.ve to thirty milesin length and about i.ve in width. Thelatter is in the northern part of the city,a'xmt two miles long (north and south) byone in width. It is connected with theSound by a small canal, navigable for logsand lesser craft. The level of water ofLake Union is about t.ftcen feet above theSound, and that of Lake Washington nine-teen feet. The canal from the Sound toLake Union likewise extends to LakeWashington.

Lake Union was formerly a very pictur-esque little body of water, being sur-rounded on three sides by heavv woodsand touched on the fourth (the south) bythe suburbs of Seattle. But the advancingpopulation of the city has stripped itlargely of its wooded shores, which havebeen supplanted by dwellings. On thenorth art* the thriving suburban towns ofFremont, Edgewater and Latona, andalong the western shore is a uue drive?a"boulevard," so called?built on a trestlethat reaches from Fremont to the southernextremity of the lake. On the south is asawmill and furniture factory, and on theeast are a number of dwellings on a bluffoverlooking and giving a very pretty viewof the lake.

Tnc Madison street cable road has beencompleted from Railroad avenue to LakeWashington, a distance of three and a halfiniles. The western end was opened aboutthe end of March, and put in operationwith a power-house at itseastern terminus.The eastern end was put in operation aboutthe end of May.

The Seattle Electric Railway Companyhas doubled its tracks to Lake Union andNorth Seattle, and rebuilt its old tracks.It has bujlt a line around the west side ofLake Union to Fremont, where it connectswith the Green Lake road. It has alsobuilt a new single track line down Lakestreet to Lake Union. It has extended it*lines in the center ot the city from Secondand Jsmes streets, down South Third andMain streets to Railroad avenue. It hasadded to its plant and equipment threeeighty horse-power generators, nine newcars, with two fifteen horse-power motorseach, one rar body having been built inSeattle, and there are four others In theshops nearly completed; in fact, they arei.ntshed except painting. There are four,teen trucks in course of construction, fourfor single-truck cars and nve pairs forlong double-truck cars of the combinationtype, which will also be built in Seattle.

The Green Lake electric road has beenbuilt from Fremont to Green lake, andthree-fourths of the way around the lake,and has been put in operation. A switchhas been built to the Green Lake mill tohaul lumber.

Upwards of a hundred vessels of allkinds arrive at and leave Seattle everyday. Their aggregate capacity is 12,000tons.

»y«ir just closed has been the mostirksble in the history of Seattle. Ituitnessed greater commercial activity,ttr development of industries, andler growth of population than anylons year, and the city ha<« easilypained its prestige as the metropoUsfashinftton. It is the purpose of thisJe to give a review of the past twelve

Eandof the causes leading toartiv-

prr>*perity that has been materi-hv tbe whole community.

ir#tuation of Seattle is conspicuously, in both a commercial and scenicl. Located on the eastern t-hore ofitt bay. an inlet on the continentalpfPupet sound, it has immediate aoto deep water that tlows direct to the1c ocean. uninterrupted by reef, shoalfeer obstruction to navigation. BackIs « country rich in agricultural ander resources, and the Cascade nioun-

l teeming with their wealth of coalIron. Accessible easily from land andit forms an ideal commercial

[ The scenery is of matchlessty. Across the waters of the

to the west, their ruggedlues piercing the heavens, is the wildlof Olympic mountains. To theI is Mount Baker, visible on clear«nd to the east is the wooded range?cades. On the south is MountIT, a towering snow-clad monarchi rears its majestic dome 14,444 feetthe sea level. East of the city is

ifol Lake Washington and north is aIT body of fresh water. Lake Union,likes, with the Sound on the west,mrround the city with water. The> of calm days are incomparably©ne who has seen a winter sunset#W»U>. and its indescribahly gor-leffect upon the berce Olympics and[»nd windless Sound, does not wonderWashineton has been poetically

I the "land of the sundown seas."ASPECTS OF SEATTLE.

ty on a HllJy Inthmtia With Magni-ficent Double Water Front.

Itlc is located upon a hilly strip ofJrom two and one-half to hve miles in

k between Puget sound and Lakekinjrton, twenty-iive miles long andbile* wide, lying parallel wiUi the4. Tlio sight on approach from thedisof a city built upon a hill-side,

f large building standing out by itselfiffording the s>est possible view of apart of the city. There is a contin-range ofbuildings from Smith's covet north, to the head ofthe harbor on>uth, a distance of nve miles. Atthe scene from the harbor is stronglyidful of San Francisco, each twink-ielit showing for itself and forming avista, as brilliant as the tirmanent>. In day the eye picks out at oncetautiful residences of Queen Annei the great Denny hotel on Capitalise state university, the Denny school,Vntral school, Providence hospital,ainler hotel, the South school, andjtegnlticent new county courthouseBUntina them all. Lower down, onnrel strip near the water's edge, is thefss portion, with its rows of bricktone buildings, two, three, four, five.

A RAILROAD CENTER.

Terminus Three Americau Transconti-nental Roads and Canadian Pacific.

The extraordinary developments of theyear in the railroad situation have con-cerned no city so directly as Seattle. Froma city with actual local railroads only andprospective transcontinental connection?,it has !>eeome the terminus of three greattranscontinental roads?the Great North-ern, Union Pacii.c and Northern Paci»iC.The railroad situation as reviewed atlength elsewhere in this paper shows thatthe Great Northern railroad has speciallydesignated Seatte as its chief western ter-minus, and its franchises and bonuses,granted by the city und by citi-zens. are contingent upon extension toSeattle by January 1, ISO2. The UnionPaciuc has been actively engaged duringthe season building from Portland to Se-attle. The Northern Paciuc has acquiredthe Puget Sound Shore railroad and hasplaced Seattle on the same basis with itsnominal terminus, Tacoma, in regard torates and service. The Great Northernwill, during the coming spring, have a linein operation from Seattle lo New West-minster, on the C'nadian P*ciuc, and theSeattle, Lake Shore & Eastern railway isjust completing its line from Seattle toconnection with the Canadian at Mission.That transcontinental railroad '.vill there-fore soon reach Seattle over these twolines. The future of Seattle as a railroadcenter is no longer a mutter of prospectonly.

The business portion of the city is com-pact, orderly and city-like. To those whoremember the dirty, disordered streets,and the poor character of most of itsbuilding two years since, the transforma-tion is marvelous. Then ttiere was aston-ishing activity upon the streets, and Frontstreet and Commercial street were chokedwith the rush ofpeople and traffic. Therewere a few t.nc buildings, alternating withwooden structures of the cheapest, and,often, dirtiest kind.' The ensemble wasunique and anything but pleasing. Store-windows were only occasionally attractive,and sidewalks and streets were not aUvayscleanly. Streets were crooked, and atOccidental square there was an awkwardturn that seriously impelled traffic.Now the main streets are widenedand, as far as possible, straightened, Jut-ting corners have been cut away, andmany things have been done to improvethe city in its general appearance and toallow traffic an uninterrupted coursethrough all streets and to obviate the for-mer inconvenient arrangement. No sem-blance of the shanty-town character of theold Seattle remains. The great t<re, whichconsumed in a few hours $15,000,00(1 worthof property, demolished alike wretchedbuildings and crooked streets, and madepossible the building ol the Seattle of to-day?a city of beauty and symmetry.

*

East of Lake Union, and separated fromit by an isthmus of less than half a mile,is Lake Washington. The view from thelake is one of the best on the Sound, and,indeed, one of the hnest on the Pacinccoast. The lake is itself visible for abouttwenty miles north and south, surroundedby a fringe of magninccnt forests. Atcalm times these are re.lected with charm-ing effect. Mount Baker is visible in thenortheast, and a number of handsomelake shore residences are in sight both eastand west. The broken line of evergreenCascades finallyculminates in the south inthat grandest of all American peaks,Mount Rainier. The great mountain isoutlined against the sky with an impres-siveness and distinctness that are abso-lutely startling. To see Mount llainierfrom Lake Washington on a clear day is tobehold one oi the most wonderful of Amer-ican scenic attractions.

The Rainier avenue electric road with asingle track has been built from Fifteenthand Jackson streets to Dunlap's additionto Lake Washington, six and a half milesto the southeast, and was nrst operated afew days ago. This road is being extende Idown Washington street to the water frontat Railroad avenue.

One effect of the tire was to divert busi-ness for a time from Front and Commer-cial to Second street, which, except in asmall portion, had theretofore been occu-pied almost exclusively by residences. Itwas a year or more before Front street wasopen again to general business, and mean-while the character of Second and Thirdstreets as business thoroughfares had beenestablished. Pike street, at right angles

with Front, nine blocks north of Occi-dental square, was also included in thebusiness circle. The re-opening of Frontstreet has not appreciably diminished theactivity on any of these streets, but on thecontrary they are respectable rivals forbusiness aimost exclusively enjoyed beforethe iire by merchants of Front street.

Locally, Seattle is the shipping point forall the great natural produ<t» oi its sur-rounding country. The Columbia & PugetSound railroad brings from Franklin,Newcastle, Black Diamond and the Talbotmines all the coal output. The Seattle,Lake Shore <fc Eastern touches not onlythe very productive agricultural regioneast of Lake Washington, but that of Sno-homish, Skagit and Whatcom counties. Itreaches the Giiman coal mines, and theDenny iron mines. It brings in hops fromSnoqualmie. The Northern Tacit.c passesthrough the famous White river valley,from which Seattle secures a large part ofits produce. As Seattle is the distributingpoint by water for Puget sound, it is thedistributing point by rail for the interiorcountry. The erection ot wheat elevatorsin Seattle makes it an outlet for the grainof Eastern Washington. The construc-tion of the Great Northern across thewheat-producing district of Eastern Wash-ington will open up a new territory, whoseagricultural products will be shipped toSeattle. The supply point of this countrywill be Seattle.

The West Street & North End eleotrierailway has been built from ¥ester avenuealong West and other streets, along thewater front of North Seattle to Boulevard,where the power-house is located, andacross Salmon bay to Ballard. It was put

in operation in November.

The utility of Lake Washington does notlie in its picturesqucness. The adjacencyof a great body of fresh water like this hascommercial advantages and gives the citya double water front, the like of which is,perhaps, possessed by no other city on thecontinent. A project for construction ofa ship canal from the sound through toLak6 Union and Luke Washington is onfoot, and will unquestionably be ultimatelycarried out. When it is the lake will, fromthe nature ofthings, be the scene of greatmanufacturing and shipbuilding enter-prises. Fresh water has an advantageover salt as a site for industries, in the wayof steam making, that is alone sufficientto induce the location of factories there.The lake has a shore line of nearly 100miles, and is surrounded by a richagricultural and fruit region. Aueet of 6teamers and sailingvessels now navigate its waters, whichare entirely free from currentsor obstructions. Since the operation ofcable lines the shores of the lake have be-come a popular place of. recreation, andpleasure steamers do a pro..table business.Many suburban homes have been builthere, and several important suburbs havegrown on the eastern shore. A summerhotel lias been erected on Mercer island.The town of Kirkland, at which the greatKirkland iron works are located, is athriving young city in embryo.

The West Seattle cable road makes a cir-cuit of two miles through the town, start-ing from the ferry slip and returning; tothe B&me point. It was put in operationin September.

The James Street cable road is part ofthe Union Trunk Line system, which isintended to traverse the heart of the cityin many nirections. The James street ca-ble road has been nearly completed fromthe Yesler triangle to the power-house atthe corner of James street and Broadway.Other lines, forming part of the system,will run northward along Broadway to thecity iimits, southward along Broadwayand South Fourteenth street to the south-ern city limits, and eastward by a route yetto be determined to Lake Washington.These projected lines will be operated byelectricity.

The Rainier Electric Company is build-ing a line from the Lake Union terminusof the Seattle Electric railway along thesouth shore of Lake Union and by a trestlebridge across the take to Latona. Thenceit will be extended to a connection at Fre-mont with the Fremont and Green Lakelines.

Xo. of Metallic P/u>9- Sul-fampli. Iron. Silica. phorus. phut.No. 1 63.39 2.72 0.035 0.042No. 2 71.17 1.20 .«» .000No. 3 65."i6 2.7:5 .035 .010No. 6 67.17 4.02 .0;: i .052No. 7. W.ift 2.2:> .035 .008No. 8 70.1» 1.87 .031 .013

The value of the Denny mines is greatlyenhanced by the proximity of a greatledge of lijnestone, whose use as a tlux inthe reduction of iron ore is indispensable.This natural adjacency of iron and lime-stone is said to exist nowhere else in theworld. The immediate presence of cokingcoal is a third very important factor in thecheap reduction of the ore. The conveni-ence of coal, limestone and the raw ironeduce the cost of steel manufacture to a

minimun. Freights for iron from thenearest eastern reduction works are $22per ton, a difference that, with cheap pro-duction, gives the Seattle works a practicalmonopoly of the entire Pacific coast. Themarket of the Kirkland works will be theFacinc coast and China and Japan, whichwill unquestionably use enormous suppliesof steel rails during the next tew years.It is estimated that the demand for railson this coast alone for the next few yearswill be sullicient to test the lull capacityof the works.

Seattle has now reached the position ofcommercial supremacy of the Sound thatmakes every industry, wherever it may belocated, its tributary. Every center thatsprings up on one of the innumerable har-bors of the Sound is but a ganglion in thecommercial nervous system that radiatesfrom Seattle. As such a commercial cen-ter the timber wealth of Western Wash-ington yields it m.tgniucent tribute ofthe millions of foreign gold brought hereannually from the great markets of theworld by the lumber trade.

THE RESIDENCE I'ORTIO.V,

Many Tasteful and CoMly Dwelling*.Nearly All of Them New.

Ifn visitor desires to view the residenceportion of the city, nnv ofthe numerousstreet ear lines alford him facilities fortaking long trips in any direction conven-iently and cheaply. No other city of 50.00)

people in the United States or elsewherein the wortd has so thorough a system ofstreet railways as Seattle; but of this morein nnother place. Going north on Frontstreet, about a mile and a half, one i.ndshimself in Queen Anne town??ocalled from the prevailing styleof architecture of its residences.They are numerous and many

are very costly and are surrounded by fineand well-kept lawns. East and south fromQueen Anne town, is the l.ake Unionbasin, which just a few years ago was in thesuburbs of Seattle, with scattered dwellings,[.ess than three years since it was describedin a write-up of Seattle, as a "carious

mixture of city and country." Now, sorapid has been the growth of the city, it isin the heart of the residence portion andthe rural feature has vanished.

Between the Sound and I.ike Washing-ton are three ridires, north and south,rising about 500 feet al>ove the sea level.Until a comparitivelv recent period this

portion of the city was covered with aheavy forest, penetrated only bv an occa-sional road. In the summer of l*Sj* the

Yesler avenue cable was constructed fromSecond street directly east to the lake onYesler avenue, returning on Jacksonstreet, and the settlement of the tributaryterritory has been astonishingly rapid.Houses*have gone up on every hand, untiltoday there are 2,000 dwellings alonsf the

line "of the Lake Washington cable, allbuilt since the i.rst operation of the road.One would naturally expect that, wherebuildings have been erected with suchrapidity, many would be of frail character,poorly "constructed, and little better thancommon shacks. On the contrary, thedwellings are generally fir>t-cla-s. Theylook well, and are mo;t of them fitted up

with modern conveniences? such as gas,

water, baths?that most residences of likeprade in older cities do not possess.

After the Queen Anne and Lake Uniondistricts the thin! distinct residence por-tion of the city is on Madison street, run-ning north of east to Lake Washington,between Yesler avenue and Lake Union.A journey over this well-traveled thorough-fare is full of interest. The operation of anew cable road has been followed by aperiod of residence building ail along theline similar to that which occurred oaYesler avenue and Jackson street. S< jres

of new dwellings have l«een built or arenow in course of construction. In SouthSeattle, south of Yesler avenue, the samescenes of building activity are reputed.No of the eity. b'isiiu-s o! residence,has escaped the contagion of building.I uprovement and advancement are every-where manifest.

It is curious to see in many places a

GROWTH OF THE CITY.

Official Figures of Census, School Chil-dren and Assessment.

The phenomenal growth of Seattle, par-ticularly in the past several years, can beillustrated in several ways. The popula-tion by years since 1870 has been as fol-lows :

< riuuf Year. PnpI'nit <1 State* I*7o 1,107Territorial 1>75 1,M2I'nitvd Mates l>v>o 3, tM3Territorial M 6.M51 erri ioriul I>ho 9,7n>Directory I*S7 12.167Cltv 19,116Territorial iv) 36,7.0rity KM 4n.4< -,7L" u 1 ltd States 1n;« 4;M7

A feature of the growth of Seattle hasbeen the growth of its suburbs, which mayvery properly be considered as belonging tothe city. The census returns show theseto have 1 population as follows:West Seattle precinct 1,100Min or Island i;t>r.nllurd 1,17:1Fremout 903Kduv.uter lyjl.tioun noGreen I-ake 110liavcDM 51Wo nlMnd 13liu wain lata 1,007ROM Station 218

Total 4,915

The total population of the metropolitandistrict of Seattle was, therefore, in June,as follows:Nettie 43.547Suburbs 4,m5

Total 48.762It is a very moderate statement to say

that the population of Seattle has increasedsince the June census to -48.000 and itssuburbs to 6,000, making a total in themetropolitan district of 54,000.

The school census is takt-n each year.F«>r the p.ist eleven years it ha* been :}'uirg. Chi'drm. Increase.lkX! 1,4 i 12 1211»1 USISS2. 1.V77 2.7l,*w} 2. 75 7<#*ISM 2. *26 1,1I>.V> 2. *ii 75

1v>7....j.1v >7....j. 5255.*W 2^215

IvO y.24* 3,-t-t9UM) 11.1.*

The assessed valuation of property forthe past eleven years has s>een:Kw. Amount Year. Amount.

I l,'-2 >.275 lvi $

4,fti<.\«W , IS** 10,294-520- lfi.ult..**)

No comment can add to the force ofthese r.gures. They show officially the re-markable growth of Seattle durin* the tenyears past. In that time Seattle has

THE COAL TRADE.

The Outlet for the Richest and BestDeveloped Mines. Other lines are projected with fair prom-

ise of early construction, but none aromentioned here unless they are actuallyunder construction.

AS A COMMERCIAL PORT.The coal lands of King county since

their development, have produced overone-third of the total coal product ofWashington. The largest shipments of coalhave always been from the bunkers of Seat-tle. The past year over 545.443 tons ofcoal were taken out of King county mines,in the immediate vicinity of Seattle. Alarge number of vessels is steadily em-ployed in transportation of coal from Se-attle to San Francisco. Seattle is the cen-ter of the large area of coal lands on theSnoqualraie, Raging, Cedar, Green andf'lack rivers, the richest and most exten-

sive coal belt of the coast.

A Sheltered Harbor, Deep Water, andtireat Tributary Resources.#d seven stories in height. To the

is a mass of buildings on piles,|« trade and manufacturing portioncity.torst thing that attracts the noticestranger, as he nears a landing, isill-ordered waterfront, with its long

of wharves and slips, affording

The immense importance of this indus-try to Seattle cannot easily be overesti-mated. Several thousand men will bedirectly employed in the operation oftheseworks, and the number of correlative man-ufactories that will be started for the utili-zation of the iron and steel product is cer-tain to be large. It is noteworthy that theKirkland company has pursued its objectsquietly and with no undue display. Workhas gone steadily forward, and the mostsatisfactory evidences given that the plantwillbe completed in reasonable time. Theextension of the Lake Shore road undNorthern Paei..c to the iron deposits, andthe construction of the belt line, are di-rectly due to the inauguration of the en-terprise. As stated before, material forconstruction and a great amount of ma-chinery has been bought and will arrivesoon. Work will go ahead rapidly and theblast furnace will t>e . nbhedi some time

this year. Construction of the roliing-ruill will then follow.

An important step in the progress ofstreet railway work in Seattle is the estab-lishment of a car-building works at NorthSeattle. One car has alread v been com-pleted there and others are nearly finished.This industry promises to produce for Se-attle all the cars needed for street rail-ways.

Asa commercial port, Seattle has super-ior advantages that have l»een in the pasta vital factor in its development, and thatare depended on largely for the prosperityof the future. Seattle lias the only harboron the eastern side of the Sound in which aship can anchor. With reference to the tradeof the Sound, its advantage is its central lo-cation, accessible from all points by directinland channels, which can be safely trav-

ersed at all seasons of the year by frailervessels. Ifthe city had been in the earlydays of its development depend-ent upon the navigation of moreboisterous passages, like the Straits of Fucaor Gulf of Georgia, requiring the staunch-est craft, which the struggling villagecould not have obtained in suriicient nuin-

Itcrs for its infantile commerce, it couldnot have held the trade of the Soundagainst the opposition of one of the great-est corporations of America. Seattle wasmade by her stern-wheel, steamers.

ape room for hundreds of vessels,*nd small. The lines of wharvesi north almost as far a* the eve can

Following are the tables, already men-tioned. which will show at a glance thework done and in progress in the year1800.. Landing and starting up town he

???ee impressed with the activity thatWpicuousl v manifests itselfon every

> A broad avenue, paralleling the'lrfe, is laid out over the wharves,andOrnred with drays and conveyances ofIs descriptions, busy people hasten-\u25ba and fro, and engines and ears mov-lp and down the numerous tracksi|he thoroughfare. This is RailroadN» Uid out by the city along the

[ mint far public commercial use.' from the wharves he soon emergesbroad street leading to a large tri-lr space, which, ha soon learns, is

of the city. From OccidentalItlie main arteries of traffic radiate,torn Occidental square is the bestto start to sev the citv.Tpearance of Seattle on Commer-

Jd Front streets is that of a city of'inhabitants. There is a continual*of people on the sidewalks, carts,

' 'basses, carriages, wagons andand electric cars upon the streets,?traneer is amazed to learn that

months before this site of bustlingt>" and of these great rows of t.nen £> -vere a ma«s of charred ruins and

lebris. No evidence of the dis-? fire of Jone 6. ISS '>. remains, un-' be found :n the vast amount ofAftthat is going on everywhere. Thelareiined with rows of magni».cent**d «tine structures of imposing ap~

and modern architecture. Fromsquare north on Front street,

o a continuous line of structure# ofpr 'por; oils, ; rst of which is

Wly six-st ore Pioneer Mock of Hon.Rtlcr. on ?: t;- v. ra

aa built. On theNe of the street the ltovu block.F' ?: the Kiim A Rosenberg build-j»*tv»riv-. the Safe IK"*.M?, seven

Almost precisely the same things ennbe said of Seattle in relation to the coaltrade as to lumber. It is the outlet for thelargest part of the coal product of the state.This is the source of supplies, and the in-terests of the owners of the mines are in-timately involved with those of Seattle.

In Operation January I, 18«»l.- 5?

Ullzli»

5. : ? 3

jr : SfjYesler ave. <t Jackson street cable . : .> ...1 5Front street cable. ! 13

«, 3?,*Con mercial street motor. j - 5M<id;?>on street cable sScuttle electric j-rt i UiJ2»jr.recn electric I'j ... 4' ?Kainier avenue electric j (>U ... 6>.»Uest street it North had electric...j 3}. 'l]tWest Seattle cable -j - 2

T«4rt. ? 1 aviT^'U'^Constructed ami Put In Operation Dur-

ing IH'JO.

MrtHT-TTu ?tm.-t ttil!-' .. I3* v ?

front >ti*«'t electric to Kiug itreet i Ji %

Commercial street motor 3 -j 1Seattle electric Hi* ..

'>re<*D Lake e ;erjric ' "IMaimer avenue electric 1 <&. 6'-.West street « North Em! electric? ; i}, »

W«#t Seattle cable j - \u25a0 -j 2

_

Total._ _

ir 'tnder C« rit;netl«n .lanuarjr, 1891.

Commercial street motor .. '4 ....

Juftieti street cable ...( $«-.-?It,.ink- avenue electric down VV*-h-

--iuetcm Ktreet j ....

N rth Seattle, t able j . I 1inter tkctrlc (clonic south nhurt

Lake Cui'>n and to Latyiia. f \u25a0[??\u25a0\u25a0

T'-tsi . ~*3 l*J---.PI ItLIC INSTITUTION!.

Organization* That I'rointt* BaiioMaud HvcUi Interest*.

The official govern meat of Seattle is sup-plemented by a number of public institu-tions voluntarily organised to further

local interest*, borne are maintained for

protective purposes oniy, while others are

THE WHEAT ELEVATOR.

First Foreign Shipment of Grain MadeDuring the Vear.

Scat tit is sheltered from frequent stormsby the contiguous hills. 1 Its wharves giveample rooru for the heaviest demands oftrhrllc. It has gnat immediate tributaryresources of coal, timber, agriculture andiron, the three former of which are now ina hicrh ptste of development. It is moreadvantageously located with reference tothe vast grain-producing country east ofthe mountains than any other point onthe Sound; and. lastly, its citizens haveenterprise and liberality sufficient to makethe most of the natural advantage of loca-tion.

Following the equalization of rates bythe Northern Paei,.c Seattle made imme-diate preparations for the storage and ship-ment of a share of the immense wheatproduct of Eastern Washington. The ;.rst

foreign shipment ofcereals from this portwas made this year. Last March the Se-attle Terminal Railway A Elevator Com-pany was organized for the pur-pose of erecting wheat warehousesand elevators in West Seattleand constructing to them a railroad from

the railway terminals of Seattle. Thecompany secured a franchise for a right-of-way of thirty feet next the deep water onRailroad avenue west from South Secondand Weller streets southwest to the citylimits. From this point the company pur-chased the right-of-way and necessary real

estate to construct the line over the shoal

water around the head of the harbor toAlki point. On May 15 the contract for theconstruction of the road, to be completedAugust 15, was let to the San Fran-cisco Bridge Company. At the sametime the contract for the construc-tion of the »arehouse and elevatorwas let. Over $325,000 was expended onthese improvements. The railroad and itsequipment cost #145,000. the warehouseand elevator $160,000, while overwas paid for right-of-way. The capacityof the elevator and warehouse is 2,500,000

THE STREET RAILWAYS.

Cable and Electric Car* Through EveryPart of the City.

No city ha? a more complete metropoli-tan system ot inner transportation thanSeattle. Before it had attained a popuj.i-tion of 25,000 every hor?e car had disap-peared from its streets, and the latestmodern appliances of motive po.ver,caMe and electric, had been sub-stituted. Constant estenision and

construction of new lines have ever since

kept it in advance of cities of its class in

the extent and convenience of its -treettransportation service.

lt?< cable and electric lines, traversingthe city and its environs in all directions,

have sreatiy increased the value of out-lying property, and at the same time made

cheap and accessi.de homes for the work-

in? men of the city.

Seattle has already a well-establishedocean trade. The shipments oi coal arelarge, reaching 534.000 tons in 1890, andshipments of wheat, begun during theyear, are already considerable. There is aline of passenger steamships from Pugetsound i rat.-i to San Fran iseo that does alarge 'isi:i< s*. The heavy : ulk of trafficof these steamers, passenger and freight, isto and from Seattle. There is besides an in-dependent line of steam schooners that run\< . ween Seattle and S..n Francisco alone,and carrying freight only.

Seattle, in its relations to other Pugetsound cities, has a geographical advantageand a nrvstige of business already estab-

lish d that clearly assures its position in-denuiteiy as the metropolis of the Sound

The past year h ->s been one of ac-tivity in the building of street railways.The beginning ofthe year found in opera-

tion the Yesier avenne and Jackson streetca ile roads, the Front street cable roadand the !?e»ttle El ctric Railway Com-pany's lines to Lake I nion. North Seattle

and Cedar street. There are now in opera-tion in Seattle and its suburbs twenty-sixmiles of single track and seventeen and

ivo

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