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Gunnar Johansson, Road User Charging
Budapest | November - 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
The Stockholm Congestion Charging Trial
BACKGROUNDSOLUTION DESIGNMAIN CHALLENGESPERFORMANCEIMPACT ON PUBLIC OPINIONTRAFFIC IMPACT LESSONS LEARND
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Situation in Stockholm
Inhabitants 1,9 million in the county of Stockholm 760 000 in the city of Stockholm 275 000 in the Stockholm inner city
Travel & transportation 560 000 vehicles cross the inner city
cordon per working day 73% of all personal trips across the inner city
cordon during rush hour is by public transport 2,5% car ownership increase per year Lack of capacity in between the northern and
the southern halves of the region (road and rail)
BACKGROUND
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Situation in StockholmBACKGROUND
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
73% of all personal trips to the inner city during rush hour is by public transport - but the road congestion still cause the society huge damages
External impacts Congestion estimates cost 600 to 800
million Euro per year 361 severely injured & 18 traffic deaths 10 – 100 cases of cancer caused by
atmospheric pollution 50 000 inhabitants exposed
to over 65 dBA
BACKGROUND
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Mission: Find a way to keep the congestion at the present level but take into account the estimated socio-economic and demographic changes for the future
“Present situation” Future
Estimated traffic speed relatively to free flow speedClassifications of speed reduction; RED = 65 -100% BLU = 50 - 65 % GREY = 0 - 50%
BACKGROUND
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
There are now way to sustainable reduce the congestion in the City of Stockholm without Congestion Charges
Conclusion: Just building new road lanes generate more traffic
and new bottlenecks – takes long time to implement and cost a fortune
Improved public transport services do not reduce congestion as it do not attract car users significantly - and cost a fortune
A combination of Congestion Charges, road investments and improved public services is needed to reduce congestion - and is a win-win solution
BACKGROUND
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
The Stockholm Trial project Trial period from Jan to July 2006 Referendum Sept 2006 Revenue used for public transports Charges
– Variable charges, 0-2 Euro per passage in or out of the city
– No charges during low traffic period– Max charge 6 Euro per day – Lidingö exemption rule
SOLUTION DESIGN
Congestion Charges
Improved Public Transport
New Park & Ride
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
How does the system work?
2Information is matched with registered vehicle. Fee is added to the owner’s account
Call-centre operations managed by IBM
The gateway registers the vehicle
A
1 Picture is taken of the vehicle’s licence plate.
ABC 123
B
IBM has designed, built, implemented
integrated and runs the congestion charging system
3 Way of payment• Transponder/direct debit• Bank/Giro• 7-eleven/ Pressbyrån
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
MAIN CHALLENGES
To design a “state-of-art” OCR solution to meet the agreed service levels was a challenge
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
City of Stockholm Transport of Stockholm Swedish Road Administration
Tax AuthorityIBM
Ministry of Finance
Enforcement
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Ministry of Industry …Q
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MAIN CHALLENGES
To coordinate partners, 200 change requests and deliver an “end to end” solution & service in time was a challenge
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Payment channels Transponder/direct debit 63% 7-eleven/ Pressbyrån 24% Bank/Giro 13%
Transaction and appeal volume Passages at control points 46 500 000 Passages liable for the tax 33 500 000 Number of tax decisions 14 400 000 100% Appeals to the tax Authorities 13 000
0,09% Appeals to the County Administrative Court 665
0,005%
Efficient payment cannels and low number of appeals (Jan-July 2006)
PERFORMANCE
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
99.99% operational reliability is a result of built in redundancy
Total number of lane hours 148 174Lost operational time, number of lane hours 57 (0,038%)Non-identified vehicles 1%
PERFORMANCE
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Media was very critical before ”go alive”System launching day Focused on the expected chaos
IMPACT ON PUBLIC OPINION
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
The congestion charging policy and solution was a target for media
Before the launching date Solution, transponders and project costs
IMPACT ON PUBLIC OPINION
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Immediate positive press focused on the huge impact
One day after
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
System performance exceeds all expectationSome weeks after System performance exceeds all expectation
IMPACT ON PUBLIC OPINION
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
The swing in the opinion came after 3 monthsIMPACT ON PUBLIC OPINION
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Sep05
Oct05
Nov05
Dec06
Jan06
Feb06
Mar06
Apr06
Maj06
Jun06
Good ideaBad idea
Referendum in the City och Stockholm
YES: 51,7%
NO: 45,6%
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Number of passages reduced by 90 000 to 115 000 per day (20 – 25%) compared to last year
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
600 000
2005
2006
End
of t
rial p
erio
d
TRAFFIC IMPACT
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000Innerstadssnittet
Tidpunkt
Flöd
e (fo
rdon
/h)
April 2005April 2006
Peak traffic was reduced and accessibility improved
TRAFFIC IMPACT
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
The impact exceeded all expectationsImprovements also for non car users 40,000 new daily public transport passengers Congestion reduced by 30 – 50 % in the City Centre Increased efficiency in public bus transports Taxi drivers increased revenue by 10-20% Inner-city retailers not negatively effected Better environment - emission reduced by 12-14% in the
City Centre Attitudes was changed from negative to positive Revenue EUR 90 M per year
TRAFFIC IMPACT
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation
Why is the Stockholm project a success?
Policy and scheme design The clear defined objective was exceeded The charging scheme was simple and fair The impact was visible for everybody and
well communicated
Technical system The users were well informed before the
start The system worked from day one Very low number of errors generated by
the system
LESSONS LEARNED
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Stockholm Congestion Charges
Budapest | November 2006 © 2006 IBM Corporation