PRESENTATION ON

TIGHT SHALE

UNDERSTANDING TIGHT OIL

BY RITESH

RAUNAKP.E 3RD YEAR

TIGHT OIL

Also called oil bearing shale which is “oil locked in rock”. Most commonly found in shale or siltstone Limestone a mile below the earths surface. Horizontal Drilling & Hydraulic Fracturing are the two basic methods of extracting the oil. Tight oil is also commonly known as light tight oil as to differ from shale oil

FRACKING HAS A LONG HISTORY IN NORTH AMERICA

RESERVOIR DETAILS These formation are heterogenous and vary widely

over short distance Production from tight oil reservoir requires atleast

15-20% of natural gas These are highly compacted with very low porosity

4-12% Permeability of these shale is less than .1 md. example- Barnett shale (U.S), Eagle ,Bekken

TYPE OF OIL

Shale oil has resulted in production growth of light sweet crude in North America

-Shale oil’s are characterized by low resid yields & low sulfur content

Light sweet crudes tend to produce resids with poor quality

CONVENTIONAL LTO RECOVERY

Before it was only vertical drilling application executed on LTO fields which was further on transform to advance drilling

ADVANCED DRILLING FOR LTO RECOVERY Commonly horizontal drilling coupled with multi-stage fracturing is used to access these tight shale reservoirs. Multi lateral pilot well technique are used for recovery.

TECHNOLOGIES EMPLOYED FOR RECOVERYHORIZONTAL DRILLING The purpose of horizontal drilling is to

increase the contact between the reservoir and the wellbore.

HYDRAULIC FACTURING

This process applies pressure by pumping fluids into the wellbore

which opens existing, or creates new fracture or pathway in the

reservoir.

TIGHT OIL CHALLENGES

Multiple-stage fracking can require millions of gallons of water. The frack fluids may contain chemicals that have become the subject of public concern. Flaring has been a source of environmental criticism.

TIGHT OIL CHALLENGES OFF SHORE FIELD The construction of thousands of well pads and truck

traffic for the drilling and fracking of thousands of wells:

–Increased airborne dust –Adversely affect the “viewshed”

TIGHT OIL SOLUTIONS

Increased use of technologies to drill multiple wells from a single pad:

– Reduces the overall footprint of drilling operations.

Development and application of environmentally friendly dust control materials.

TIGHT OIL SOLUTIONS Development and application of frack fluid recycling. Reformulation of frack fluids to be more

environmentally friendly. Utilization of flare gas. •Infrastructure is catching up. •On-site and off-site uses for gas are developing.

WORLD SCENARIO

Production has grown to over 3M bpd

North American Tight oil production (Jan 2005 – feb 2014)MBPD

WORLD ESTIMATEShale Oil reserves found throughout the world

7 KEY SHALE PRODUCING REGIONSSince 2007 – Shale Oil production from these regions responsible for:95% of domestic oil production growth 100% of the domestic natural gas production growth

COUNTRIESRussia: 75 billion barrelsUnited State: 48 to 58 billion barrelsChina: 32 billion barrelsArgentina: 27 billion barrelsLibya: 26 billion barrelsVenezuela: 13 billion barrelsMexico: 13 billion barrelsPakistan: 9 billion barrelsCanada: 9 billion barrelsIndonesia: 8 billion barrels

INDIAN SCENARIO

Basins of preliminary interest identified by Indian geologists are the Cambay Basin in Gujarat, the Assam-Arakan basin in northeast India, and the Gondwana Basin in central India.

INDIAN SCENARIO

A production of 70-90MMTOE of oil and gas is envisage from this tight reservoir by 2030In Mizoram ONGC has discovered non commercial gas in a tough and geologically challenging fieldA comprehensive study is required for all explored and unexplored basins to bring on compression track

FUTURE FULLFILLMENT2020 North American tight oil production could be over -- 2,000,000 bpd. 2050 North

American tight oil production

could still be over 2,000,000 bpd.

Shale Oil

Oil Sands

EPIC CLASS

CHEVRONGEV GROUPRANGE RESOURCESENCANEQUICK SLIVER

CONCLUSIONShale oil development has driven large growth in North American crude oil productionNew production is light sweet crudeThis has displaced historic imports of similar crude gradesThis has changed the way crude goes to market

REFERENCESNATURAL GAS ENGINEERING: ARPIT VERMAIEA (INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY)WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOKSCIENTIFIC TECHINICAL JOURNAL : ESTONIAN ACADEMY PUBLISHERWORLD ENERGY RESOURCES SURVEY 2013FUEL FIXTIGHT RESERVOIR: AN OVER VIEW IN INDIAN CONTEXT BY TARUN KUMAR AND ASHUTOSH

THANK YOU

“Future lies with in the tightness of shale source”