Vocabulary related to the World of workJob: noun /dʒɒb/the work that you do in order to get money: He got a job as a waiter.a piece of work: I did a few jobs around the house.something that you have to do: It’s my job to water the plants.do/make a bad, good, etc. job of somethingto do something badly, well, etc.: She did an excellent job of organizing the event.do a bad, good, etc. job of somethingto do something badly, well, etc. She did an excellent job planning the party

work: noun /wəːk/        effort made in order to achieve or make something ( trabajo)He has done a lot of work on this project employment (trabajo)I cannot find work in this town.a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on (trabajo)Please clear your work off the tablea painting, book, piece of music etc. (obra)the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/MozartThis work was composed in 1816.the product or result of a person’s labours/labors (trabajo)His work has shown a great improvement lately.one’s place of employment (trabajo)He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m. I don’t think I’ll go to work tomorrow.Employ: verb /imˈploi/ to give (especially paid) work to (emplear)He employs three keyboarders She is employed as a teacher.to occupy the time or attention of (ocupar)She was busily employed (in) writing letters.to make use of (emplear, utilizar)You should employ your time better. Employed adjectivehaving a job; working. (empleado)employee /em-/ noun (employee) a person employed for wages, a salary etc. (empleado) That firm has fifty employees. Employer/ noun/: a person who employs others (empresario, patrón)His employer dismissed him.Employment /noun/: the act of employing or state of being employed (empleo)She was in my employment The new factory will provide employment for 300 people.labour : (noun) UK (US labor) UK /ˈleɪ.bər/ US /-bɚ/ labour noun (WORK)C1 [U] practical work, especially when it involves hard physical effort:The car parts themselves are not expensive, it's the labour that costs the money.manual labour (= hard work using the hands)C1 [U] workers, especially people who do practical work with their hands:skilled/unskilled labourlabours [plural] literary› all the effort and hard work that have been involved in doing a particular piece of work:Are you tired after your labours?West was paid very little for his labours.Retirement is the time to enjoy the fruits of your labours.jobseeker : noun [C] UK /ˈdʒɒbˌsiː.kər/ US /ˈdʒɑːbˌsiː.kɚ/ UK › someone who is trying to find a jobcandidate : noun [C] UK US /ˈkæn.dɪ.dət/ /-deɪt/ B2- a person who is competing to get a job or elected position:There are three candidates standing in the election.› a person or thing considered likely to receive or experience something:The English Department is a likely candidate for staff cuts.B1- UK someone who is taking an exam:Candidates must write their names on the top page of the exam paper.job hunting : noun [U] UK US (also job hunt [C])

› HR the activity of trying to find a job:If you would like to know more about successful job hunting, ask for the leaflet " Get that Job".As part of her job hunt, she attended a networking event.job-hunting process/services/tipsapplicant: noun [C] UK US /ˈæp.lɪ.kənt/ › a person who formally requests something, especially a job, or to study at a college or university:How many applicants did you have for the job?dismiss verb UK US /dɪˈsmɪs/ dismiss verb (NOT TAKE SERIOUSLY)C1- [T] to decide that something or someone is not important and not worth considering:I think he'd dismissed me as an idiot within five minutes of meeting me.Let's not just dismiss the idea before we've even thought about it. Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind - they're crazy and not worth thinking about. HR, WORKPLACE to remove someone from their job, especially because they have done something wrong:dismiss sb for sth Salespeople may be dismissed for many reasons, the most common of which is poor performance.dismiss sb from sth He was dismissed from his job for 'serious misconduct'.Quiet: (adjective) /kwaɪət/

if business is quiet, there is not much activity: The foreign exchange markets were relatively quiet. The FTSE 100 fell 23 to 4719.4 as traders braced themselves for a quiet period due to today's US Thanksgiving holiday.Skill: (noun)/skɪl/› [C, usually plural] a particular ability that you develop through training and experience and that is useful in a job:communication/interpersonal/negotiation skills Many young people have never learned the basic skill of good writing. Business/specialist skills A growing part of the charity's work is providing business skills to developing economies. Improve/sharpen/upgrade skills Improving your computer skills can help you find higher-paid work. We are facing a growing skills shortage in sciences.leadership/management/organizational skillsanalytical/practical/technical skillshave/possess/lack skillsacquire/develop/learn skillsapply/use skills› [C or U] an ability to do an activity well, especially because you have practised it:He brings his considerable skill and expertise to the role.Experience: (noun)/ɪkˈspɪəriəns/› [U]  HR  knowledge or skill that you get from doing, seeing, or feeling things, or the process of getting this: His knowledge and experience will be a great asset to the board in our future growth.Have experience of sth Do you have any experience of working with heavy machinery?Gain/get experience As we gained experience of interpreting the data we were able to work faster.Experience as sth They employed someone with many years' experience as a mine regulator. Experience in sth Their experience in marketing and promotion has brought excellent results.Work/professional experience My work experience includes one year as an accounts clerk, and two years as a shop assistant.Past/previous/prior experience No previous experience is necessary as full training will be offered.Extensive/considerable experience Carol has extensive experience in consumer advice and trading standards.

Practical/relevant experiencepersonal/first-hand/direct experience I have three years of experience.by/from experience I know from experience that the manager's job does not end at closing time.in sb's experience In our experience, the most successfulprojects come from strong, diverse teams.› [C] something that happens to you that affects how you feel: a good/great/positive experience : We want to make visiting the website a good experience for all our users a.useful/valuable/educational experiencebe/provide/offer an experience It was an amazing experience to participate in the forum.Customer/shopping/learning experience People who shop here care about the customer experience and the quality of service they receive.

task noun [C]UK   /tɑːsk/  US   /tæsk/›  WORKPLACE  a piece of work that needs to be done, especially one that is a regular part of someone's job: The new team's first task will be to ensure a smooth handover of power. Carry out/complete/do a task Those in charge of planning the relocation will need to decide what tasks need to be carried out .assign/give/set sb a task A small team at head office has been assigned the task of setting up a central database.perform/undertake a taska big/important/major taska crucial/key/main tasktime-consuming/urgent taskseasy/menial/simple tasksadministrative/creative/sales tasks› a difficult thing that must be done: a challenging/daunting task The government faces the daunting task of restructuring the pension system.a difficult/hard/impossible task With the cost-cutting complete, the bank is faced with the more difficult task of generatingincreased revenues to convert into profit.›  IT  an action done by a computer such as starting a program, checking email, saving files, etc. By automating repetitive tasks, software programs can save people a lot of time.do/execute/perform a task A mainframe's speed is measured in the number of tasks it can perform in a millisecond.take sb/sth to task (over sth)› to criticize a person, group of people, or an organization for doing something that you think is very wrong: Farmers took the large supermarket chains to task over their ruthless pricing.activity noun UK   /ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ US   /-ə.tZ i/activity noun (MOVEMENT)B2 [U] the situation in which a lot of things are happening or people are moving around: There was a lot of activity in preparation for the Queen's visit. Economists are concerned by the low level of economic activity. There was a sudden flurry of activity when the director walked in.More examplesactivity noun (WORK)B2 [C   or   U ] the work of a group or organization to achieve an aim: He was found guilty of terrorist activity.criminal activitiesAssignment noun /əˈsaɪnmənt/       › [C] a task or a piece of work that is given to someone to do, often for a limited period of time: a six-month assignment Solving the industry's infrastructure problems while satisfying shareholders is going to be a tough assignment. Give sb an assignment Our team was given an assignment to find the gaps in the market.

accept/refuse/take on an assignmentcarry out/complete/finish an assignment global/international/overseas, etc. assignment One of his first overseas assignments was as a junior in a delegation to Moscow. Assessment for the course will be based on four written assignments and a final examination.› [U] the process of giving someone a particular job, task, or responsibility: The restructuring will require changing the assignment of responsibilities and reporting relationships.› [C or U]  LAW  the act of giving something that belongs to you, such as a property or a financial agreement, to somebody else: The Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment. The assignment of a legal lease must be in the form of a deed to be effective.on assignment: someone who is on assignment is doing a job in a particular place, usually for an agreed amount of time: The photographer died while on assignment in the war zone.

duty noun UK   /ˈdjuːti/  US   /ˈduːti/ (PLURAL duties)› [C or U]  LAW  a responsibility to do something because it is legally or morally right to do it: Every lawyer has a strong sense of duty and responsibility.a duty to do sth They have a duty to ensure customers receive sound advice.be sb's duty It is your duty to announce any conflict of interest.do your duty I felt that I had done my duty in reporting the incident to the police. It was alleged that the company had failed in its duty to advisecustomers of the technical aspects of the paint system.› [C, usually plural]  HR  something that you have to do because it is part of your job: His duties included photographing engineering projects such as bridges and airfields. Perform/undertake/do duties People employed under similar conditions should not be paid less than others performing similar duties. Teaching/cleaning/administrative duties

› [U]  HR  one of the periods of time that a working day is divided into during which someone works: night/day duty Daniels volunteered for night duty so he could take classes at the University of Arizona.› [C or U]  TAX ,  COMMERCE  a tax paid on goods that are bought or imported: duty on sth He said that duty on a bottle of wine in France is equivalent to 2p compared with £1.16 here.impose/raise/increase duty The duty on house purchases of £250,000 or more was increased to 2.5%.a cut/rise/increase in dutyfuel/tobacco/petrol dutyapplication noun /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/       › [C]  HR  an official request for a job, a place on a course, etc., usually in writing:an application for sth We received over 250 applications for the post.make/submit an application You can submit your application online.a job/college/membership applicationthe application procedure/process› [C]  FINANCE  an official request to get something such as a loan or shares: turn down/refuse/reject an application Her mortgage application was refused. Grant/approve an application You will receive the money as soon as your application is approved. Make/put in/submit an applicationa loan/credit card/share application› [C] an official request for permission to do something: an application to do sth Officials have denied his many applications to add a second storey to his home.an application for sth Her application for asylum in Ireland was successful. A planning/licence/passport application› [C]  IT  a computer program that is designed for a particular purpose: Email is the most often-used application. An error message reported that there was not enough memory torun the application.internet/web/Windows™ application an application programs/softwarereference noun/ˈrefərəns/       › [C] ( ABBREVIATION ref)  COMMUNICATIONS ,  WORKPLACE  a set of numbers or letters on a document such as a businessletter, used so that people know what it relates to:give/quote/use a reference In all future letters on this subject, please quote our reference JW/155/C/2011.Please write with a full CV quoting the appropriate reference number.› [C]  HR  a letter that is written by someone who knows you, often a previous employer, to describe you and say if you are suitable for a job, course, etc.:give/write sb a reference His former boss gave him an excellent reference.She has good references and an acceptable CV.check/follow up/take up references We still need to recall the candidate for a second interview, and follow up references.a reference checkinterview noun [C]/ˈɪntəvjuː/       ›  HR ,  WORKPLACE  a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job or a course:an interview for sth She has an interview for a new job tomorrow.an interview with sb Before getting a place at university, you may have to have an interview with the head of department.to be called for/invited for/selected for an interviewShe was very highly qualified, but didn't even get an interview. A job interviewsYour second interview is likely to be more challenging than your first interview. Interview techniques›  MARKETING  a conversation in which someone is asked their opinion about a product or service, so that it can be improved or better advertised: carry out/conduct interviews The company conducted researchand interviews with customers throughout the country.a face-to-face/telephone interview›  COMMUNICATIONS  a conversation in which someone is asked questions about themselves or a subject they know about for a newspaper article, television show, etc.:an interview with sb/sth He made the allegations in an interview with the New York Times.an interview about sth I read an interesting interview about Smith's views on the oil industry.take part in/give an interview He never gives interviews. Company officials refused a request for an interview.a newspaper/radio/television interviewovertime noun [U]/ˈəʊvətaɪm/  HR ,  WORKPLACE       › time spent working after the usual time needed or expected in a job:We have put in 15 hours of overtime this week.The pay is $7.75 per hour; $11.75 for overtime.

› extra payment for working after the usual time: You can earn some overtime by working after 6.00 p.m.eligible/ineligible for overtime If you work 45 hours a week and you are eligible for overtime, then you should get paid time and a half for five hours.be on overtime Everyone is on overtime this weekend.freelance adjective, adverb UK   /ˈfriː.lɑːns/  US   /-læns/       › doing particular pieces of work for different organizations, rather than working all the time for a single organization: Most of the journalists I know are/work freelance. A freelance artistfreelance noun [C]UK   /ˈfriː.lɑːns/  US   /-læns/ (ALSO freelancer) UK       › someone who does particular pieces of work for different organizations, rather than working all the time for a singleorganization:The firm employs several freelances.career noun [C]/kəˈrɪər/  HR       › the job or series of jobs that you do during your working life, especially when this involves making progress to better jobsor is in a particular profession:a career in sth He's hoping for a career in web design.a career as sth I worked there early in my career as civil engineer.a career with sth Sharon enjoyed a long career with the BBC.pursue/make/have a career It is not easy to make a career in broadcasting. A brilliant/successful/distinguished careera political/medical/academic careerYou should continue learning throughout your professional career.Fee noun [C]/fiː/  FINANCE       › an amount of money paid for a particular piece of work or for a particular right or service:agree/charge/collect, etc. a fee He's good, but he charges huge fees.a fee of £50/$20 million/100 euros, etc. The two clubs agreed a fee of £50 million for the player.pay £1000/$20,000/90 euros, etc. in fees The airline paid $130 million in fees to advisers.cut/increase/put up, etc. fees The bank has cut its admin fees to attract new customers.fee on sth The credit-card company collects a fee on every transaction. Fee for (doing) sth Some banks charge a fee for using other banks' cash machines. An agency will advise you for a fee.annual/monthly feesadministrative/consulting/legal, etc. fees

trade noun/treɪd/       › [U]  COMMERCE  the buying and selling of goods between people, companies, or countries:trade between sb and sb The policy is intended to increase trade between India and southeast Asia.trade in sth The country's trade in manufactured goods has expanded in the last ten years.a trade body/group Leaders of industry trade groups are urging caution in raising oil taxes.the minister for trade and industryglobal/international/regional tradetrade policies/practicestrade concessions/liberalizationtrade deals/negotiations/talks› [C] a particular business or industry:Members of the building trade have opposed the measure.the catering/retail/tourist tradethe car/diamond/fur trade› [U]  ECONOMICS  a country's imports and exports in a particular period:Consumer spending slowed down and investment and net traderecovered.The dollar has been boosted by two months of better Americantrade figures.› [U] business activity:lose/boost trade Many small local shops have lost up to 50% of their trade since the supermarket opened.Trade is always slow in the winter months.› [C or U] a job, especially one that needs special skill and involves working with your hands:He's an electrician by trade.She wants to go to college and learn a tradelivelihoodnoun [C, usually singular, or U]/ˈlaɪvlihʊd/       › the money a person needs to pay for food, a place to live, etc. and the way of earning this money:The falling orders for new ships mean that many shipyard workersare likely to lose their livelihood.The drought is threatening the livelihood of farmers in the region.If your livelihood depends on selling cars, boats, and furniture to people, you don't want people to save.Gain noun [C or U]/ɡeɪn/       

› an increase in size, weight, amount, etc.:Having deducted costs we still made a net gain of five thousand pounds.Stocks ended the day with a moderate gain.› something useful or good that you get for yourself:He was fired for abusing his position for his own personal gain.gainverb [I or T]/ɡeɪn/       › to increase in amount or value:On Wall Street today, the Dow Jones Industrials gained more than 52 points.› to get something that is important or gives you an advantage, especially over a period of time:Most temporary employees say they gained new abilities through their assignments.gain access to sth› to be allowed to use or receive something:Every day, more citizens gain access to the Web and each other.›  MARKETING  to be able to sell a product in a particular placefor the first time:He is willing to invest millions of dollars in cooperative ventures in China if he can gain access to the market.gain currency› to become more commonly known or accepted:Two ideas for constructing a tax reduction have been gaining currency in internal debates.gain ground› to become more popular or successful:gain ground on sb/sth After three decades the carmaker is actually gaining ground on the competition.Even as companies in the US are gaining ground overseas, they are also sending more American-made products abroad.›  FINANCE  to increase in value:gain ground against sth The dollar has been gaining groundagainst the yen in overseas trading.errandnoun [C]/ˈer.ənd/       › a short journey either to take a message or to take or collectsomething:I'll meet you at six, I've got some errands to do/run first.drudgerynoun [U]  /ˈdrʌdʒ.ər.i/         › hard boring work:the drudgery of houseworkCharge verb/tʃɑːdʒ/       › [I or T]  COMMERCE ,  FINANCE  to ask for a particular amount of money for something, especially a service or activity: charge (sb) sth for sth How much will you charge us for shipping and handling? They charged $200 for iinsurance. Charge (sb) for sth We do not charge you for this sservice. Charge a price/fee, etc. He considered that the price they were charging was fair. The bank charges a commission to withdraw money from a foreignATM.› [T] to pay for something by credit card: I don't have any cash - I'll charge it.charge sth to sb's account› if you charge something to someone's account , the amountthey have spent is recorded and they pay for it at a later time: Charge the bill to my account, please.› [T]  ACCOUNTING  to record something as a cost in a financial account:charge sth to sth The depreciation is charged to the profit and loss account.› [T]  LAW  to make a formal statement saying that someone is accused of a crime:charge sb with sth The property developer was charged with fraud.› [T] to publicly accuse someone of having done something bad: charge sb with sth The newspaper charged him with mmisleading the public about the seriousness of the situation.› [T, often passive] to ask someone to do a particular job: be charged with sth The committee has been charged with developing a new funding formula.Phrasal verbscharge offcharge noun /tʃɑːdʒ/       › [C or U]  COMMERCE ,  FINANCE  the amount of money that you have to pay for something, especially for a sservice: make/impose/incur a charge If you fail to cancel the booking within the specified period, you will incur a charge. Charge for sb/sth Is there a charge for children or do they go free? Small/nominal charge We make a nominal charge for this sservice. High charges Small investors are put off by the high charges for this sort of aaccount There will be a

one-off charge of £30.Interest charges on an overdraft are usually quite high. We will deliver to your home free of charge.› [C]  ACCOUNTING  a cost that is recorded in a company's financial accounts:take a charge for sth The company expects to take a charge for various expenses relating to the acquisition. Depreciation is treated as a charge in the profit and loss account.› [C]  LAW ,  PROPERTY  →  charge on assets :a mortgage, or other charge against the property› [C]  LAW  a formal statement accusing someone of committing a crime: bring a charge against sb Charges were brought against the UK company under the Corporate Manslaughter and Homicide Act.on a charge of sth She was arrested on a charge of fraud.criminal charges He was taken into custody but released without charge.› [C] a statement that someone has done something bad:He responded angrily to the charge that he had not acted in the best interests of the company.in charge› in control of or responsible for someone or something:Who will be in charge of the department when Sophie leaves?From now on, Steve is in charge.leave sb in charge (of sth) He was on vacation and had left his deputy in charge.put sb in charge (of sth) I put Jack in charge of making the travelarrangements.take charge (of sth)› to take control of something or of a group of people:His boss asked him to take charge of the office for a few days while she was away.Chore noun [C] UK   /tʃɔːr/  US   /tʃɔːr/       C1 a job or piece of work that is often boring or unpleasant but needs to be done regularly:I'll go shopping when I've done my chores (= done the jobs in or around the house).I find writing reports a real chore (= very boring).compensation noun [U]/ˌkɒmpənˈseɪʃən/ (ABBREVIATION comp)       ›  HR  the combination of payment and other benefits that an employee receives for doing their job:Annual compensation for our executives includes salary, bonus, and other benefits.Poor compensation may be hurting recruiting and retention effortsin nursing schools.›  LAW ,  INSURANCE  money that is paid to someone because they have been hurt, or because something has been lost or damaged:If you can prove that someone else was to blame for your accident, you will be entitled to compensation.In a case like this, there is no limit to the compensation that canbe awarded.seek compensation for injurya compensation claim

Continuous training involves comparatively easy work performed for a relatively long period.Promotion noun/prəˈməʊʃən/       › [C or U]  HR ,  WORKPLACE  the process or fact of giving someone a higher or more important job.: Employees worry that saying 'no' to the boss decreases their chances of advancement and promotion. Get/receive a promotion Does working longer hours iincrease your chances of getting a promotion? She was recommended for promotion by her manager. The study showed that obese employees were repeatedly passedover for promotion. He was seen by management as a troublemaker rather than acandidate for promotion.› [C or U] (ALSO product promotion)  MARKETING  an advertisement, event, or other activity used to advertise a product or service, or the use of these advertisements, events, etc.:The supermarket has said it will extend the promotion for another week.The chain chose to concentrate very heavily on in-storepromotions.We do product promotions using text messages.Heavy promotion of the country as a tourist destination has brought significant growth in the industry.promotions [U]›  MARKETING  the activity of advertising products and services, or a department of a company that does this work: She found a dream job as director of publicity and promotions for a record company in St. Paul.His book can help your company decide how many dollars should be spent in promotions.› [U] the activity of encouraging something to happen or develop:the promotion of sth These legislative developments will contribute to the promotion of foreign investment. Direct 

government promotion played a primary role in the development of commerce. He worked in a trade promotion unit in the federal Commerce Department.take-up noun [U or S] (ALSO takeup) UK   US         ›  COMMERCE  the degree to which people start to buy or use a product or service that has become available:It is hard to know what the take-up of the new flat-rate service will be.It's been a raging success, with more than 90% take-up.The group's recent rights issue is suffering from a low take-up rate.high/low/poor take-up Part of the reason for the poor take-up may be that people will have to disclose very personal details.curriculum vitaenoun [C] UK   US   (PLURAL curricula vitae, OR curriculum vitaes) FORMAL ( ABBREVIATION CV, US USUALLY resume, OR résumé)       › a short written description of your education, qualifications, previous jobs, and sometimes also your personal interests, which you send to an employer when you are trying to get a job. In the US, curriculum vitae is mostly used when applyingfor academic teaching jobs; resume or résumé is used for other jobs:Applicants are invited to send their curriculum vitae and names and addresses of three referees.

apply for a job v expr (reply to employment advertisement)A "steady job" is one that is very routine and pays a decent but not a high amount of money. It is also a safe jobworkaholic noun [C]/ˌwɜːkəˈhɒlɪk/       › someone who works very long hours and finds it difficult not to be working:A self-confessed workaholic, Tom says that he can't remember when he last had a break.a workaholic lifestylenight shiftnoun UK   US    WORKPLACE ,  HR       › [C] a period in the night during which a particular group of employees work:on the night shift They do not have the resources to put more than two officers on the night shift.I've been asked to work the night shift next week.› [S] the group of employees who work for a period during the night:I knew we had problems with the night shift.out of work adjective       ›  HR ,  WORKPLACE  without a paid job:I've been out of work for the past six months.put/leave/throw sb out of work The plant closed in November 2010, leaving 400 people out of work.an out-of-work management consultantovertime   1       n-uncount   Overtime is time that you spend doing your job in addition to your normal working hours.  He would work overtime, without pay, to finish a job...     2    If you say that someone is working overtime to do something, you mean that they are using a lot of energy, effort, or enthusiasm trying to do it.  INFORMAL  ♦ work overtime             phrase   V inflects, usu PHR to-inf  We had to battle very hard and our defence worked overtime to keep us in the game...     3       n-uncount   Overtime is an additional period of time that is added to the end of a sports match in which the two teams are level, as a way of allowing one of the teams to win.    (AM)  Denver had won the championship by defeating the Cleveland Browns 23-20 in overtime.