Course Module 1
WiMax Network Architecture (2 Hrs)
CONTENTS OF TRAINING
1. Diagrammatic description of WiMax Network2. Brief Access site functionality and working (wimax technology)3. Backhaul to core network
1. Microwave Backhaul2. Metro Ethernet Rings3. Redundancy in star and ring topologies
4. Longhaul through DWDM network to core application servers (Lahore)5. Leaf site equipment description (BCU+Microwave)6. Aggregate site equipment description (BCU + Microwave + aggregation
switch(ME3400))1. Uplink and downlink description2. Bandwidth capacity assignment for downlinks and uplink
7. Hub site description and router functionality 8. Difference between hub sites in metro cities and POP sites in non-metro
cities9. Longhaul media options for different cities
1. Wateen Fiber/DWDM2. PTCL E1’s
Network Types
A network that covers a limited geographic area
A network that covers a very small area
A network that covers a large geographic area
A network that covers great distances
Not part of IEEE 802 standard
Wide Area Network
Metropolitan Area Network
Local Area Network Personal Area Network
Wireless Networks
Wireless LAN
Wireless PAN
Wireless MAN
StandardStandard Type of NetworkType of Network Industry GroupIndustry Group
What is WiMAX
State of the Art Broadband Wireless Access network
– “802.16 defines IEEE’s BWA standard”
High-performing
standards based solution
Supporting
– Fixed
– Nomadic
– mobile subscribers
Both licensed and unlicensed frequency
WiMAX is an acronym for “Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access”
WiMAX refers to Broadband Wireless networks that are based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, which ensures compatibility and interoperability between broadband wireless access equipment
Two driving forces of modern Internet are Broadband and Wireless
WiMAX combines both of them•WiMAX is primarily aimed at making broadband network access widely available without the expense of stringing wires (as in cable-access broadband) in Non-line of Sight environment at metro level
What is WiMAX?
Operating Frequency
RF characteristics play an important part of dividing WiMAX into two distinct types of
systems.
Line of Sight (LOS)Non Line of Sight (NLOS)
3.5* 5.8*2.5*
2 – 11 GHz 10 – 66 GHz
*Part of the WiMAX Forum Profiles
WiMAX Vs. UMTS
WiMAX, a direct threat to 3G due to higher throughputs & less interferenceReduced multi path interference due to smart antennas & Adaptive Antenna System
(AAS) employed in WiMAXNear Far problem eliminated in WiMAX because of OFDM waveform &
applying an IFFT on the signal before transmissionLesser spectrum available to UMTS subscribers as the no. of users grow
WiMAX have superior broadband capabilities ( OFDM & large spectrum availability), distance capabilities (adaptive modulation) & full QOS (Access Grant Mechanism) to
support voice efficientlyWiMAX BW: 70 Mbps, Max Bit Rate: 100 Mbps
3G BW: 2 Mbps, Max Bit Rate: 2 Mbps
WiMax Vs. Other Broadband Technologies
. WiMAX Vs. WiFi
• WiMAX has very large coverage area and higher throughput as compared to WiFi which has smaller range and supports less
data rate.• WiMAX supports full duplex mode rather than half duplex as
employed in WiFi• Bandwidth efficiency achievable in WiMAX is up to 5 bps/Hz,
greater than 0.44 bps/Hz for 802.11b & 2.7 bps/Hz for 802.11 a/g• Efficient 256 & 2048-Carrier OFDM employed in WiMAX than Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (802.11b) and 64-Carrier
OFDM (802.11 a/g)• Channel bandwidth is adjustable from 1.5 MHz to 20 MHz in
WiMAX as compared to fixed channel bandwidth for WiFi• WiFi operates in fixed frequency band of 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz, where as WiMAX supports a frequency range from 2GHz to
66GHz
. WiMAX Vs. DSL
Both DSL (wired) & WiMAX (wireless) are broadband WiMAX can simultaneously support hundreds of houses with
DSL speed connectivityWired DSL infrastructure much more expensive than WiMAX
DSL availability limited due to the distance between the end user & the switching centre
Deployment of DSL in remote areas results in huge expenses as the no. of users is low
WiMAX is the most attractive solution for deployment in remote areasAbove all of them it is Wireless
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
This diagram represents a WiMAX Network.
Generic WiMax Access and Transmission Network
Wateen WiMax Network
Worlds first and largest deployed WiMax Network over
1000 AP sites
Covering all major cities of Pakistan
Offering voice and data to both cooperate and consumer
customers
Holding Major Online Banking Sector of Pakistan through
WiMax
Wateen WiMax Network Architecture
Spur SiteAggregate SiteHub SitePOP site/MSC
• Access solution comprises of the following:
– CPE – Access Point
– Microwave Backhaul• CPE talks to the Access
point using WiMAX standard• Base Station Offloads the traffic on the City POP and
core network using Microwave Backhaul
Network Architecture
Network Entry
This is the sequence of events for a MS/CPE to enter the network
Scan for Channels
Ranging
Capability negotiation
Authorization
Registration
IP connectivity
Service established
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
This diagram represents aGeneric WiMAX Network.
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
ASN
Provides access layer connectivity and QOS to the
MS/CPE.
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
Provides connectivity services. Including:
--AAA--DHCP
--Security--Home Agent
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
MS/CPE/MSS
This device comes in many different forms.
Customer access to the network
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
WiMAX Air InterfaceIEEE 802.16
Responsible for PHY (Physical)
MAC (part of Logical layer)
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
Access Point
Provides wireless access to the network.
Also referred to as a base stations (BS)
Diversity Access Point Capacities
DAP
Single Sector
Maximum Capacity
3 sector DAP
Maximum Capacity
4 sector DAPMaximum
Capacity
Maximum Active CPE(1 RF Carrier per sector)
256 768 1,024
Maximum Active+Idle CPE (1 RF Carrier per sector)
1,024 3,072 4,096
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
Layer 2 connection
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)Cellular Access Point Controller (CAPC)
Provides management of security and mobility functions.
AuthenticationSecurity / Local Key distribution
Paging controllerQOS Policy decision point
MS/CPE access controlHandover decision point
CAPC Capacities
Smallest CAPC Configuration
Maximum
CAPC Configuration
Physical Payload cards (deployed as 2N availability)
2 10
Total Ethernet Ports 4 22
Maximum AP DatabaseCapacity
200 1,000
Maximum CPE Database Capacity 200,000 1,000,000
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)Element Management System
Provides network management functions for the APs and CAPCs.
Includes:Fault Management
Configuration ManagementPerformance Management
Security Management
Portal EMS Capacities
MotorolaPortal EMS
PlatformType
PC(OS: Windows)
Maximum APs 500
Maximum CPEs 100,000
Maximum CAPCs 4
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
Network Time Protocol (NTP) Server
Used to synchronize the time of computer clients or servers.
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
Domain Name Service (DNS) Server
Stores and associates domain names to IP addresses.
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server
Provides network computers with IP address and other network parameters.
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Server
Provides security and provides capability information to the MSS/CPE.
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
This device can act as a L2 Switch,
Router or foreign agent
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
Router / home AgentWorks with the FA to route data.
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
AP
Router/FA
Router/FA
EMS
DHCPAAA
DNS
NTP
CAPC
Server(s)
DNS
AAA
Router/HA
DHCP
Firewall(Optional)
VoIPServer
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
MSS/CPE
Access Service Network
(ASN)
ConnectivityService Network
(CSN)
VoIP Server or Gateway
Content Servers
Diversity Access Point (DAP)
Function and Support
Multiple Sector Configurations (up to 4)
Dual TX/RX Antenna Chains with transmit diversity
2.3GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz
RF head, modem and backhaul redundancyBCU
RFHead
Sector / Frequency Reuse
F1Sector 1
F2Sector 4
F2Sector 2
F1Sector 3
1 x 4 x 2
F1Sector 1
F2Sector 2
F3Sector 3
1 x 3 x 3
Duplexing
WiMAX supports FDD and TDD operations
Freq 1
Freq 2
Freq 1
Frequency
Division
Duplex
Time
Division
Duplex
UL/DL Percentages
DL DLUL UL
60% 60%40% 40%
System Level Parameter
Channel Bandwidth
OFDM can be scaled to operate using a variety of channel bandwidths.
Center Frequency
3.5* MHz
7.0* MHz10* MHz
*Part of the WiMAX Forum Profiles
Microwave Backhaul
Leaf site and aggregate sites are backhauled to Hub sites
through Microwave Transmission Network
Microwave Transmission Network is deployed in Star Topology
Sagem and NEC Microwave equipment is used for Microwave
Backhaul in Wateen Network
Metro Fiber Rings
Metro Fiber rings are deployed in major cities Karachi,
Lahore,
Islamabad
RAN Hub sites are located along these rings
Hub sites aggregate data from different WiMax clusters
Hub sites also aggregate data from different fiber connected
cooperate Customers
Star and Ring Topology
Microwave Transmission is deployed in Star Topology due to
some of its advantages that are
Ease of deployment
Easy to add new nodes
Metro Fiber is deployed in ring topology because of
advantages
Provides redundancy
Longhaul through DWDM
Data from WiMax access site is transported to Access
Service Network and Core Service Network
through Longhaul provided by DWDM Network
Wateen has deployed Longhaul fiber rings having
overall length of more than 5000 kms nationwide,
covering approximately whole country
Wateen DWDM Network
RAN site in Wateen Network
RAN site are classified in three Groups
Hub Sites
Aggregate Sites
Leaf/Spur Sites
Wateen RAN SPUR Sites
SPUR site acts as standalone WiMax access site
SPUR sites consists of Motorola WiMax (DAP) Equipment and one
microwave for backhaul
Normally spur site is backhaul through microwave link of 50 Mbps
capacity
Backhaul link is non-redundant and having configuration of 1+0
RAN Aggregate Site
Aggregate Site is the one, which along with WiMax Access site also acts
as aggregation point for other WiMax sites
Aggregate Site consists of Motorola DAP, two or more microwave and
CISCO ME3400 aggregation switch
Ports of aggregation switch is configured according to capacity of links,
normal convention for capacity is as below
Access Site = 50 Mbps
Downlinks = 100 Mbps/150 Mbps depending upon aggregating microwave
links
Uplink = 100 Mbps / 150 Mbps depending upon number of sites aggregating
at this site
Uplink Microwave link at this site is normally provided with 1+1
redundant configuration
RAN Hub Site and POP sites
RAN Hub site is aggregating data traffic from different WiMax clusters
Hub Site is first point of Layer 3 routing
Hub Site consists of Motorola DAP (not must), Microwave and CISCO routers
(7606, 10720)
Hub sites are located along with metro rings
POP sites from transmission perspective, a Point of Presence (POP) is defined
as a site where data network equipment is deployed to interface with the
national long distance fiber backbone. It is also our understanding that
the POP will have network elements interfacing with other PLMNs.
One PoP has been planned for each of the cities.
POP sites consists of CISCO 7609 Routers
RAN sites Identification ID’s
Warid Shared Sites are normally named as MDXX*ABCD**
or MNXXABCD
Wateen Own BTS sites are named as WTXXABCD
Wateen Own RAN Hub sites are named WTY^HABCD
*XX Two alphabet code for city e.g. Islamabad IB, Lahore LH ** ABCD Four digit Site ID^ Y Region Code C = Center
N = NorthS = South
Thanks
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