Wateen WiMax Network Architecture 1

Course Module 1

WiMax Network Architecture (2 Hrs)

CONTENTS OF TRAINING

1. Diagrammatic description of WiMax Network2. Brief Access site functionality and working (wimax technology)3. Backhaul to core network

1. Microwave Backhaul2. Metro Ethernet Rings3. Redundancy in star and ring topologies

4. Longhaul through DWDM network to core application servers (Lahore)5. Leaf site equipment description (BCU+Microwave)6. Aggregate site equipment description (BCU + Microwave + aggregation

switch(ME3400))1. Uplink and downlink description2. Bandwidth capacity assignment for downlinks and uplink

7. Hub site description and router functionality 8. Difference between hub sites in metro cities and POP sites in non-metro

cities9. Longhaul media options for different cities

1. Wateen Fiber/DWDM2. PTCL E1’s

Network Types

A network that covers a limited geographic area

A network that covers a very small area

A network that covers a large geographic area

A network that covers great distances

Not part of IEEE 802 standard

Wide Area Network

Metropolitan Area Network

Local Area Network Personal Area Network

Wireless Networks

Wireless LAN

Wireless PAN

Wireless MAN

StandardStandard Type of NetworkType of Network Industry GroupIndustry Group

What is WiMAX

State of the Art Broadband Wireless Access network

– “802.16 defines IEEE’s BWA standard”

High-performing

standards based solution

Supporting

– Fixed

– Nomadic

– mobile subscribers

Both licensed and unlicensed frequency

WiMAX is an acronym for “Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access”

WiMAX refers to Broadband Wireless networks that are based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, which ensures compatibility and interoperability between broadband wireless access equipment

Two driving forces of modern Internet are Broadband and Wireless

WiMAX combines both of them•WiMAX is primarily aimed at making broadband network access widely available without the expense of stringing wires (as in cable-access broadband) in Non-line of Sight environment at metro level

What is WiMAX?

Operating Frequency

RF characteristics play an important part of dividing WiMAX into two distinct types of

systems.

Line of Sight (LOS)Non Line of Sight (NLOS)

3.5* 5.8*2.5*

2 – 11 GHz 10 – 66 GHz

*Part of the WiMAX Forum Profiles

WiMAX Vs. UMTS

WiMAX, a direct threat to 3G due to higher throughputs & less interferenceReduced multi path interference due to smart antennas & Adaptive Antenna System

(AAS) employed in WiMAXNear Far problem eliminated in WiMAX because of OFDM waveform &

applying an IFFT on the signal before transmissionLesser spectrum available to UMTS subscribers as the no. of users grow

WiMAX have superior broadband capabilities ( OFDM & large spectrum availability), distance capabilities (adaptive modulation) & full QOS (Access Grant Mechanism) to

support voice efficientlyWiMAX BW: 70 Mbps, Max Bit Rate: 100 Mbps

3G BW: 2 Mbps, Max Bit Rate: 2 Mbps

WiMax Vs. Other Broadband Technologies

. WiMAX Vs. WiFi

• WiMAX has very large coverage area and higher throughput as compared to WiFi which has smaller range and supports less

data rate.• WiMAX supports full duplex mode rather than half duplex as

employed in WiFi• Bandwidth efficiency achievable in WiMAX is up to 5 bps/Hz,

greater than 0.44 bps/Hz for 802.11b & 2.7 bps/Hz for 802.11 a/g• Efficient 256 & 2048-Carrier OFDM employed in WiMAX than Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (802.11b) and 64-Carrier

OFDM (802.11 a/g)• Channel bandwidth is adjustable from 1.5 MHz to 20 MHz in

WiMAX as compared to fixed channel bandwidth for WiFi• WiFi operates in fixed frequency band of 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz, where as WiMAX supports a frequency range from 2GHz to

66GHz

. WiMAX Vs. DSL

Both DSL (wired) & WiMAX (wireless) are broadband WiMAX can simultaneously support hundreds of houses with

DSL speed connectivityWired DSL infrastructure much more expensive than WiMAX

DSL availability limited due to the distance between the end user & the switching centre

Deployment of DSL in remote areas results in huge expenses as the no. of users is low

WiMAX is the most attractive solution for deployment in remote areasAbove all of them it is Wireless

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

This diagram represents a WiMAX Network.

Generic WiMax Access and Transmission Network

Wateen WiMax Network

Worlds first and largest deployed WiMax Network over

1000 AP sites

Covering all major cities of Pakistan

Offering voice and data to both cooperate and consumer

customers

Holding Major Online Banking Sector of Pakistan through

WiMax

Wateen WiMax Network Architecture

Spur SiteAggregate SiteHub SitePOP site/MSC

• Access solution comprises of the following:

– CPE – Access Point

– Microwave Backhaul• CPE talks to the Access

point using WiMAX standard• Base Station Offloads the traffic on the City POP and

core network using Microwave Backhaul

Network Architecture

Network Entry

This is the sequence of events for a MS/CPE to enter the network

Scan for Channels

Ranging

Capability negotiation

Authorization

Registration

IP connectivity

Service established

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

Access Service Network

(ASN)

ConnectivityService Network

(CSN)

This diagram represents aGeneric WiMAX Network.

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

ASN

Provides access layer connectivity and QOS to the

MS/CPE.

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

Provides connectivity services. Including:

--AAA--DHCP

--Security--Home Agent

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

MS/CPE/MSS

This device comes in many different forms.

Customer access to the network

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

WiMAX Air InterfaceIEEE 802.16

Responsible for PHY (Physical)

MAC (part of Logical layer)

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

Access Point

Provides wireless access to the network.

Also referred to as a base stations (BS)

Diversity Access Point Capacities

DAP

Single Sector

Maximum Capacity

3 sector DAP

Maximum Capacity

4 sector DAPMaximum

Capacity

Maximum Active CPE(1 RF Carrier per sector)

256 768 1,024

Maximum Active+Idle CPE (1 RF Carrier per sector)

1,024 3,072 4,096

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

Layer 2 connection

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)Cellular Access Point Controller (CAPC)

Provides management of security and mobility functions.

AuthenticationSecurity / Local Key distribution

Paging controllerQOS Policy decision point

MS/CPE access controlHandover decision point

CAPC Capacities

Smallest CAPC Configuration

Maximum

CAPC Configuration

Physical Payload cards (deployed as 2N availability)

2 10

Total Ethernet Ports 4 22

Maximum AP DatabaseCapacity

200 1,000

Maximum CPE Database Capacity 200,000 1,000,000

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)Element Management System

Provides network management functions for the APs and CAPCs.

Includes:Fault Management

Configuration ManagementPerformance Management

Security Management

Portal EMS Capacities

MotorolaPortal EMS

PlatformType

PC(OS: Windows)

Maximum APs 500

Maximum CPEs 100,000

Maximum CAPCs 4

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

Network Time Protocol (NTP) Server

Used to synchronize the time of computer clients or servers.

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

Domain Name Service (DNS) Server

Stores and associates domain names to IP addresses.

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server

Provides network computers with IP address and other network parameters.

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Server

Provides security and provides capability information to the MSS/CPE.

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

This device can act as a L2 Switch,

Router or foreign agent

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

Router / home AgentWorks with the FA to route data.

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

AP

Router/FA

Router/FA

EMS

DHCPAAA

DNS

NTP

CAPC

Server(s)

DNS

AAA

Router/HA

DHCP

Firewall(Optional)

VoIPServer

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE

MSS/CPE


(ASN)


(CSN)

VoIP Server or Gateway

Content Servers

Diversity Access Point (DAP)

Function and Support

Multiple Sector Configurations (up to 4)

Dual TX/RX Antenna Chains with transmit diversity

2.3GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz

RF head, modem and backhaul redundancyBCU

RFHead

Sector / Frequency Reuse

F1Sector 1

F2Sector 4

F2Sector 2

F1Sector 3

1 x 4 x 2

F1Sector 1

F2Sector 2

F3Sector 3

1 x 3 x 3

Duplexing

WiMAX supports FDD and TDD operations

Freq 1

Freq 2

Freq 1

Frequency

Division

Duplex

Time

Division

Duplex

UL/DL Percentages

DL DLUL UL

60% 60%40% 40%

System Level Parameter

Channel Bandwidth

OFDM can be scaled to operate using a variety of channel bandwidths.

Center Frequency

3.5* MHz

7.0* MHz10* MHz

*Part of the WiMAX Forum Profiles

Microwave Backhaul

Leaf site and aggregate sites are backhauled to Hub sites

through Microwave Transmission Network

Microwave Transmission Network is deployed in Star Topology

Sagem and NEC Microwave equipment is used for Microwave

Backhaul in Wateen Network

Metro Fiber Rings

Metro Fiber rings are deployed in major cities Karachi,

Lahore,

Islamabad

RAN Hub sites are located along these rings

Hub sites aggregate data from different WiMax clusters

Hub sites also aggregate data from different fiber connected

cooperate Customers

Star and Ring Topology

Microwave Transmission is deployed in Star Topology due to

some of its advantages that are

Ease of deployment

Easy to add new nodes

Metro Fiber is deployed in ring topology because of

advantages

Provides redundancy

Longhaul through DWDM

Data from WiMax access site is transported to Access

Service Network and Core Service Network

through Longhaul provided by DWDM Network

Wateen has deployed Longhaul fiber rings having

overall length of more than 5000 kms nationwide,

covering approximately whole country

Wateen DWDM Network

RAN site in Wateen Network

RAN site are classified in three Groups

Hub Sites

Aggregate Sites

Leaf/Spur Sites

Wateen RAN SPUR Sites

SPUR site acts as standalone WiMax access site

SPUR sites consists of Motorola WiMax (DAP) Equipment and one

microwave for backhaul

Normally spur site is backhaul through microwave link of 50 Mbps

capacity

Backhaul link is non-redundant and having configuration of 1+0

RAN Aggregate Site

Aggregate Site is the one, which along with WiMax Access site also acts

as aggregation point for other WiMax sites

Aggregate Site consists of Motorola DAP, two or more microwave and

CISCO ME3400 aggregation switch

Ports of aggregation switch is configured according to capacity of links,

normal convention for capacity is as below

Access Site = 50 Mbps

Downlinks = 100 Mbps/150 Mbps depending upon aggregating microwave

links

Uplink = 100 Mbps / 150 Mbps depending upon number of sites aggregating

at this site

Uplink Microwave link at this site is normally provided with 1+1

redundant configuration

RAN Hub Site and POP sites

RAN Hub site is aggregating data traffic from different WiMax clusters

Hub Site is first point of Layer 3 routing

Hub Site consists of Motorola DAP (not must), Microwave and CISCO routers

(7606, 10720)

Hub sites are located along with metro rings

POP sites from transmission perspective, a Point of Presence (POP) is defined

as a site where data network equipment is deployed to interface with the

national long distance fiber backbone. It is also our understanding that

the POP will have network elements interfacing with other PLMNs.

One PoP has been planned for each of the cities.

POP sites consists of CISCO 7609 Routers

RAN sites Identification ID’s

Warid Shared Sites are normally named as MDXX*ABCD**

or MNXXABCD

Wateen Own BTS sites are named as WTXXABCD

Wateen Own RAN Hub sites are named WTY^HABCD

*XX Two alphabet code for city e.g. Islamabad IB, Lahore LH ** ABCD Four digit Site ID^ Y Region Code C = Center

N = NorthS = South

Thanks

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Wateen WiMax Network Architecture 1