Water Quality Restoration for Coastal Subdivision
Retention Ponds
Lorimar SerranoMarie DeLorenzo
College of Charleston, SC
Background Information• Storm water retention ponds
• Used as “Best Management Practices” (BMPs) in residential & commercial developments
• Control flooding
• Settle out contaminants
• Aesthetic and recreational uses
Why care about retention ponds?• Water quality problems in storm water ponds
– Water eutrophication• algal blooms, algal toxins, water discoloration, bad
odor – High contaminant concentrations– High fecal coliform bacteria levels
• 11 acre fresh water lake• drainage area = 107 acres (300 homes)
• Lake’s importance:• overflow into Kushiwah Creek• aesthetic value• wildlife habitat• recreational boating • fishing
• model for retention pond management
Lake Edmonds
Methodology
• Parameters Measured– Water quality (DO, temp., pH, turbidity,
salinity, conductivity)– Nutrients (NH4
+, NO2-, NO3-, PO43-) (mg/L)
– Chlorophyll a (µg/L)– HABs (cells counts)– Algal toxins (microcystin [µg/L])– Fecal coliform bacteria (CFU/100mL) &
antibiotic resistance (E. coli)– Pesticides [µg/L]
• Atrazine & 2,4-D (Herbicides)• Chlorothalonil (Fungicide)• Chlorpyrifos (Insecticide)
Fecal Coliform Bacteria
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
May-04 Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05
FCB (
CFU/1
00mL
)
SC DHEC Standards:
Recreational uses
FC
B c
onc.
(C
FU
/100
mL)
Nutrient Levels
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
5/27
/04
6/3/
04
6/10
/04
6/17
/04
6/24
/04
7/1/
04
7/8/
04
7/15
/04
7/22
/04
7/29
/04
8/5/
04
8/12
/04
Tota
l nitr
ogen
con
c. (m
g/L)
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
5/27
/04
6/3/
04
6/10
/04
6/17
/04
6/24
/04
7/1/
04
7/8/
04
7/15
/04
7/22
/04
7/29
/04
8/5/
04
8/12
/04
8/19
/04
8/26
/04
9/2/
04
9/9/
04
Phos
phat
e co
nc. (
mg/
L)
EPA water quality standards for lakes
Atrazine Levels
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05
Atraz
ine co
nc. (u
g/L)
A
traz
ine
conc
. (u
g/L)
2,4-D Levels
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05
2,4-D
conc
.(ug/L
)
2,4
-D c
onc.
(ug
/L)
Anabaena sp. Density
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05
# c
ells
/mL
Bloom density
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Jun-04 Jul-04 Aug-04 Sep-04 Oct-04 Nov-04 Dec-04 Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05
# ce
lls/m
L
Microcystis sp. Density
Bloom density
Residents Survey
• A total of 45 residences in the Lake Edmonds Homeowners Association were surveyed regarding land use practices that may influence water quality
• Including: pet waste management, pesticide applications, pond uses, and homeowner interest in the pond’s water quality.
66.7% back !!!
Survey Results
• Pet Waste Management– 75% of dogs & cats were reported as being kept either outdoor or
indoor/outdoor
– Only 9% of homeowners pick up pet waste daily
• Fertilizer Application– 29% of homeowners apply fertilizer to their lawns
– 68% apply fertilizer 2 or more times per year
• Pesticide Application– 73% of homeowners apply herbicides to their lawns
– 83% apply insecticides to their lawns
– 33% apply fungicides to their lawns
– Majority of respondents make 2 or more applications of each pesticide class per year
Survey Results (cont’d)
• Lake uses
– boating activities 73.68%
– fishing activities 63.16%
• Observed algal blooms 76.67%
• Established vegetative buffer in lawns 10.71%
• Willing to install buffer 68.96%
• Willing to change practices 94.74%
Conclusions
• Water quality problems were detected in the model retention pond, Lake Edmonds:
– high fecal coliform bacteria levels
– high phosphate concentration
– harmful algal bloom development
– persistent herbicide concentration
• Residential lawn care practices such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides are affecting the water quality of this retention pond.
• Pet waste left on lawns may increase fecal coliform bacteria levels in the lake (runoff with rainfall).
Recommendations
• Some examples of the practices we recommend are:– Lawn care product recommendations
• lower chemical and nutrient content products
• organic and biodegradable products
• use of the product as directed
– Collection of pet waste from yard and deposit in trash
– Grow plants on the edges between the yards and the retention pond (vegetative buffer installation)
– Proper disposal of lawn clippings (avoid deposition into the pond)
http://edisto.cofc.edu/~lserrano/