What Factors What Factors Influence Collisions Influence Collisions Rates the Most ? Rates the Most ?
By: Dimitar Hristov, Vesko By: Dimitar Hristov, Vesko Avramov, and Ayman BarriAvramov, and Ayman Barri
Brookfield High School, Brookfield High School, OttawaOttawa
Thesis: What influences collision rates the most?
IntroductionIntroduction
Road traffic accidents kill more than one million people a year, injuring another Road traffic accidents kill more than one million people a year, injuring another thirty-eight million (5 million of them seriously). The death toll on the world's thirty-eight million (5 million of them seriously). The death toll on the world's roadways makes driving the number one cause of death and injury for young roadways makes driving the number one cause of death and injury for young people ages 15 to 44. people ages 15 to 44.
This is a cross-sectional study of Ontario’s drivers and the factors that affect This is a cross-sectional study of Ontario’s drivers and the factors that affect collision rates the most. The topic itself is very broad but we have chosen 8 collision rates the most. The topic itself is very broad but we have chosen 8 question that we will focus on in our study. The information gathered in this question that we will focus on in our study. The information gathered in this research was primarily quantitative data which was collected using secondary research was primarily quantitative data which was collected using secondary data from the years 1993 – 2003data from the years 1993 – 2003
Questions of Focus:Questions of Focus:
What was the number of collisions by gender in between the period of 1993-What was the number of collisions by gender in between the period of 1993-2003?2003?
What was the number of collisions by age groups in between the period of 1993-What was the number of collisions by age groups in between the period of 1993-2003?2003?
How did driving schools affect collisions in between the period of 1993-2003?How did driving schools affect collisions in between the period of 1993-2003? What was the number of impaired drivers involved in collisions in between the What was the number of impaired drivers involved in collisions in between the
period of 1993-2003?period of 1993-2003? What time of the day did most collisions occur in between the period of 1993-What time of the day did most collisions occur in between the period of 1993-
2003?2003? How many collisions occurred due to apparent driver action in between the How many collisions occurred due to apparent driver action in between the
period of 1993-2003?period of 1993-2003? How many collisions occurred due to weather conditions in between the period How many collisions occurred due to weather conditions in between the period
of 1993-2003?of 1993-2003? How did technology and car accessories affect collisions in between the period How did technology and car accessories affect collisions in between the period
of 1993-2003?of 1993-2003?
Section 1: Collisions by Section 1: Collisions by GenderGender
Number of collisions by gender
050,000
100,000150,000200,000250,000300,000350,000400,000450,000500,000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Nu
mb
er
of
co
llis
ion
s
Male # of collisions Female # of collisions Total # of collisions
Annex A – Table 1
Number of licensed drivers by gender
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Nu
mb
er
of
lice
ns
ed
dri
ve
rs
# of male licensed drivers # of female licensed drivers Total # of licensed drivers
Annex A – Table 2
Number (%) of collisions by gender from total number of licensed drivers
0
12
3
4
56
7
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Nu
mb
er
of
co
llis
ion
s a
s a
%
Male drivers in collision (%) Female drivers in collision (%) Total (%)
Male Female
Mean 283,114 127,306
Median 283,434 122,624
Standard Deviation 19,929 8,747
Annex A – Table 3
Section 2: Collisions by Age Section 2: Collisions by Age GroupsGroups
Percentage of Collisions by Age Group of the Total Number of Licensed Drivers in Ontario
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
Per
cen
tag
e o
f C
oll
isio
ns under 16
16-20
21-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65-74
75+
unknown
Annex B – Table 4
Age GroupAge Group S. DeviationS. Deviation
Under 16Under 16 0.0010.001
16 – 2016 – 20 0.0650.065
21 – 2421 – 24 0.0540.054
25-3425-34 0.1850.185
35-4435-44 0.0000.000
45 – 5445 – 54 0.0380.038
55 – 6455 – 64 0.0230.023
65 – 7465 – 74 0.0080.008
75 +75 + 0.0090.009
unknownunknown 0.0640.064
Sample Calculation: 1993 Probability of age group 16-20 to be in a collision :
= # of 16-20 drivers in collisions / # of 16-20 drivers= 45862 / 437612= 10.48%
Annex B – Table 4
Age Group Probability for Year (in %)
‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03
Under 16 - - - - - - - - - - -
16-20 10.48 9.48 8.32 7.29 6.96 6.91 7.02 7.63 7.45 7.36 6.95
21-24 8.26 7.97 7.72 7.17 6.93 6.77 6.99 7.35 6.93 7.07 6.74
25-34 6.59 6.52 6.32 6.15 6.00 5.64 5.76 5.93 5.58 5.68 5.66
35-44 5.14 5.13 4.97 4.92 4.96 4.69 4.84 5.08 4.91 5.07 5.12
45-54 4.38 4.42 4.29 4.24 4.32 4.11 4.14 4.35 4.20 4.35 4.37
55-64 3.74 3.72 3.59 3.63 3.64 3.41 3.52 3.70 3.48 3.61 3.61
65-74 3.06 3.02 2.97 2.92 2.92 2.78 2.76 2.90 2.79 2.86 2.83
75+ 3.49 3.21 3.35 3.16 2.97 2.87 2.75 2.73 2.65 2.69 2.60
unknown - - - - - - - - - - -
Annex B – Table 2&3
Probability of Involvement in Collisions by Age Groups
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
Per
cen
tag
e
16-20
21-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65-74
75+
Section 3: The Effect of Section 3: The Effect of Driving Schools on CollisionsDriving Schools on Collisions
The Effects of Driving Schools on Collisions
05
101520
2530
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
Year
Per
cen
tag
e o
f C
oll
isio
ns
Series1
Section 4: Impaired DriversSection 4: Impaired DriversPercentage of Impaired Drivers Involved in Collisions of the
Total Number of Licensed Drivers in Ontario
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Per
cen
tag
e
Annex d – Table 2
Section 5: Time of DaySection 5: Time of DayPercentage of Collisions by Time of Day
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Year
Per
cen
tag
e o
f C
oll
isio
ns
Mid. - 3 am
3 am - 6 am
6 am - 9 am
9 am - Noon
Noon - 3 pm
3 pm - 6 pm
6 pm - 9 pm
9 pm - Mid.
unknown
Annex E – Table 1
Section 6: Collisions due to Section 6: Collisions due to Apparent Driver ActionApparent Driver ActionNumber of collisions as a percentage due to apparent
driver's action
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Nu
mb
er
of
co
llis
ion
s a
s a
p
erc
en
tag
e
Speed too Fast Speed too fast for conditions Speed too slow Improper TurnDisobey Traffic Control Fail to Yield Right of Way Improper Passing Lost ControlWrong Way on One Way Road Improper Lane Change other Unknown
Annex F – Table 1
Collisions due to apparent driver action
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
400000
450000
1
Apparent driver action
Nu
mb
er
of
co
llis
ion
s
Speed too Fast Speed too fast for conditionsSpeed too slow Improper TurnDisobey Traffic Control Fail to Yield Right of WayImproper Passing Lost ControlWrong Way on One Way Road Improper Lane Changeother Unknown
Annex F – Table 2
Section 7: Collisions due to Section 7: Collisions due to Weather ConditionsWeather Conditions
Collisions due to weather conditions
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Num
ber o
f acc
iden
ts a
s a
perc
enta
ge
Dry Wet Loose Snow Slush Packed Snow Ice Mud Loose Sand or Gravel Spilled Liquid Other
Annex G – Table 1
Collisions due to weather conditions
0200,000400,000600,000800,000
1,000,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,0001,800,000
1
# o
f co
llisi
on
s
Dry Wet Loose Snow Slush
Packed Snow Ice Mud Loose Sand or Gravel
Spilled Liquid Other
Annex G – Table 2
Section 8: Collisions due to Section 8: Collisions due to Apparent Driver ActionApparent Driver Action
Percentage of Collisions due to Technology and Car Assessories of the Total Number of Licensed
Drivers in Ontario
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Per
cen
tag
e
Annex H – Table 2
Conclusion:Conclusion:
Since most people feel that young drivers are Since most people feel that young drivers are the main reason for collisions, we have decided the main reason for collisions, we have decided to conduct a research on the various factors to conduct a research on the various factors that cause the most collisions. The biggest that cause the most collisions. The biggest factor that causes collisions is in fact the time factor that causes collisions is in fact the time of the day. The most collisions occur during the of the day. The most collisions occur during the period of 3pm – 6pm. The second biggest factor period of 3pm – 6pm. The second biggest factor that causes collisions is apparent driver action, that causes collisions is apparent driver action, for example speeding, loosing control of for example speeding, loosing control of vehicle, failing to follow driving rules, and etc. vehicle, failing to follow driving rules, and etc. Weather condition is the third biggest factor Weather condition is the third biggest factor and the last but not least factor of collisions are and the last but not least factor of collisions are the age groups.the age groups.
Collision Clip 1.wmvCollision Clip 1.wmv
Collision Clip 2Collision Clip 2
Bibliography:Bibliography:
http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/safhttp://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/safety/orsarety/orsar
http://www.statcan.cahttp://www.statcan.ca http://http://www.ssc.cawww.ssc.ca//