Yellowtail Kingfish RAS
The Netherlands
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- 9 species, 4 in aquaculture
- 150.000 tonnes production
- 80% Japanese amberjack
- Typically cage-farmed: < 1% in RAS
Global status of Seriola farming
English Name Scientific name Distribution
Japanese Amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata Northwest Pacific
Yellowtail Kingfish Seriola lalandi Circumglobal sub-tropics
Greater Amberjack Seriola dumerili Circumglobal Indo-West
Longfin Yellowtail Seriola rivoliana Circumglobal Indo-West
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Reasoning for Kingfish in RAS
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Bo
dyw
eig
h (
g)
Age (days)
Growth of yellowtail kingfish vs. other species
yellowtail kingfish
cod
turbot
barramundi
salmon
• Existing, fast growing demand in high-end outlets
• Local production: ultrafresh supply / low transport footprint
• Sustainable and certified alternative for tuna
• Reproduction cycle closed: year-round supply of juveniles
• RAS technology for Kingfish developed
• Fast grower: 0 – 3 kg in 1 year / FCR of 1,6
• Suitable for high densities: no aggression/cannibalism
• Resilient to handling / robust species
• Demanding species, specific nutritional and
husbandry requirements
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Timeline Kingfish Zeeland
2008 R&D project in collaboration with Wageningen University
2011-2014 Pilot plant Amsterdam
2015 Foundation Kingfish Zeeland
Dec. 2016 start construction main site
Dec. 2017 1st stocking main site
2018 BAP, ASC and BRC certification
2018 Sales ramp-up
2017 first juveniles – first sales
Dec. 2018 Full standing stock
2019 Expansion to 1000 tons annual production
2019 Establishing US-site: 1st stage 2000-4000 tons
2020 Zeeland expansion 1000 → 4000 tons
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Increased security
- Production
- Biosecurity
- Broodstocks
Main site
- Production oriented
B-site
- R&D oriented
- Broodstock selection
2 Sites = 2 Hatcheries
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Broodstocks
Egg production
- Natural spawning, induced by light and temperature
- No addition of hormones
- Batch spawner, every 4 days a batch of eggs….
- Production season 3-4 months
- Several groups to ensure year round egg availability
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RAS: Operational parameters & water quality
production capacity 520 tons/year
building surface area 5000 m2
total tank volume 3400 m3
growth period (egg - 3kg) 12 months
stocking density 60 kg/m3
water exchange 0,6 m3/kg feed
primairy recirc. rate 99,6 % of flow
temperature 23 oCelsius
salinity 30 ppt
pH 7,4
TAN 0,5 -1,5 mg/l
Nitrite 0,5 -1,5 mg/l
CO2 < 6 mg/l
N2 < 100 % saturation
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System design and performance
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Mechanical filtration
Degasser
Lift pumps
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Biofiltration
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Skimmers PP Heat Exchangers
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Medium Head Oxygenators (MHO)
•12 square MHO (metabolic base flow, 50%)
•32 round individual tank MHO (tank-based demand flow, 50%)
Bicarbonate alkalinity and pH stability across fish tank
Higher alk period
Lower alk period
Even a small increase
in bicarbonate alk
gives a more stable pH
Bicarbonate
alkalinity
(mg/L) –
black line
pH drop
across
tank
Green
bar (higher the
value, more instability)
Blue Unit measurements
Greater pH stability across fish tank gives
a more stable CO2 across fish tank
Higher alk period
Lower alk period
Free
CO2
(mg/L
Blue Unit measurements
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Handling kingfish
THANK YOU