Miami University

Intramural Basketball Program

Training Presentation

Revised Arnos –

October 2007

The Officials’

M.A.P.

•

Mechanics•

Fouls, Violations

•

Appearance•

Positioning

•

Professionalism•

Game Management

* Review Evaluation Form

Calling the Foul1.

Blow the Whistle ►

Sharp and Crisp

►

Loud whistles

2.

Extend your right arm straight up with a clenched fist. ►

Freeze

►

Move slowly and deliberately

Reporting a Foul

•Color : Give the color of the fouling player (“RED”)

•Number : give the # of the fouling player (“14”)

•Foul : give the correct foul ( “BLOCKING”)

•NEXT : report what will happen next (“2 Shots”)

* If a made basket preceded the foul call say: “Count the basket” and then continue C.N.F.N.

Foul Reporting Area

Legal Guarding

•

GUARDING: it is the act of legally placing a body in the path of an offensive opponent.

Every player is

entitled to a spot on the floor provided such player gets there first without illegally contacting an opponent. A player who extends an arm, shoulder, hip, or leg into the path of an opponent is NOT considered to have a legal position if contact occurs.

•

Obtaining a legal guarding position:–

The guard must have both feet touching the floor –

The front of the guard’s torso must be facing the opponent.

ScreensScreen:Screen: a legal action by a player who, without causing contact, a legal action by a player who, without causing contact,

delays or prevents an opponent from reaching a desired position.delays or prevents an opponent from reaching a desired position.

Establishing a legal screening position:Establishing a legal screening position:The screener may face any directionThe screener may face any directionThe screener must be stationaryThe screener must be stationaryOnce the screener takes proper position it is the defensive playOnce the screener takes proper position it is the defensive players ers responsibility to avoid contact. responsibility to avoid contact. If the defense does not see the screen there will be contact. TIf the defense does not see the screen there will be contact. This is his is considered incidental. considered incidental. If defense tries to force their way through the screen it is a fIf defense tries to force their way through the screen it is a foul on the oul on the defensive player. defensive player.

Rebounding FoulsTo obtain or maintain a legal rebounding position a player may not:

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Displace, push or charge an opponent.•

Bend their body in an abnormal way to hold or displace an opponent.

•

Violate the Principle of Verticality.

* There really is no such thing as “over-the-back”: there must be contact –

it must be either a pushing or holding foul.

Principle of Verticality•

Players must remain in their “vertical plane”

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Arms must be STRAIGHT UP•

Player can jump vertically, but not out of vertical plane

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Player must avoid contact with their lower body outside of their vertical plane

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The offensive player may not “intrude”

a defensive player’s vertical plane.

•

Players are not allowed to stick out an arm, leg, hip, or shoulder into the path of an opponent.

The Standard Foul

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Hack

: illegal contact with the ball handler.

“White, #42, Hack. Black ball on the side.”

Push•

PUSH: illegal contact by

extending of arms which influences the movement of an opponent.

Holding

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HOLDING: illegal contact that impedes the lateral or vertical movement of an opposing player.

Double Foul

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DOUBLE FOUL: simultaneous personal fouls by a member of each team.

•

This is a great call to clean up overly aggressive post play

•

Results in alternating possession.

Block•

BLOCK: Illegal personal contact which impedes the progress of an opponent.

•

ISSUES w/ CALLING BLOCKS–

“Referee the Defense”

–

Principle of Verticality

Player Control Foul •

PLAYER CONTROL: offensive player makes illegal contact with a defensive player in a previously established legal guarding position.

•

A player moving with the ball is required to stop or change direction to avoid contact with a defender in a legal position.

PLAYER CONTROL FOULS = Loss of possession / no free throws

“The Blarge!”

Block/Charge

•

“Referee the Defense”–

This call is easy to make if you focus correctly.

Ask Yourself…–

Was the Defense there first?

–

Did the Defense have both feet on the floor?

–

Was the Defense facing the player with the ball?

Yes to all 3? It’s a Charge!

The Defense must get to the spot in time to draw the foul…

IF IT IS UNCLEAR, IT’S A BLOCK

Player Control Fouls also apply to an Airborne Shooter.

Hand Checks•

HAND CHECKING: illegal personal contact by a defensive player, which impedes the forward or lateral movement of the ball holder.

•

Call the foul if the defender…–

Impedes or restricts the movement

–

Dislodges or jabs an opponent–

Continually leaves a hand on an opponent

Excessive Swinging of Elbows

•

ELBOWING: a player swings his elbows in an excessive and dangerous manner.

If there is…–

no contact = warning

–

contact = personal foul or technical foul, if severe

Intentional Foul•

Foul committed with no attempt to play the ball –

If severe enough it becomes a flagrant foul (ejection).

•

Result: 2 free throws (clear the lane) and possession.

Flagrant Fouls•

This is an ejection and technical foul that is violent or savage in nature.

•

Includes but is not limited to:–

Striking

–

Kicking–

Kneeing

–

Punching

Penalty Penalty PPlayer is ejected layer is ejected and 2 foul shots with the and 2 foul shots with the lanes cleared for the opposing lanes cleared for the opposing team. team.

Technical Fouls•

Examples:

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Excessive language•

Excessive foul•

Disrespect toward official or another player

•

Kicking, punching, or throwing the basketball

•

Taunting or harassment•

Any unsportsmanlike conduct

•

Delay of game•

Slapping the backboard to redirect a shot

Result –

2 free throws and possession

Two technical fouls = ejection and disciplinary action.

Calling a Violation•

Blow Whistle–

Give a sharp blast

–

Weak whistles = indecision

•

Raise arm –

Open hand

–

Straight in the air

•

Give proper mechanic for the violation which occurred

Out of Bounds•

Ball is out of bounds when it touches a player who is out of bounds, the floor beyond the boundary, the ceiling or backboard supports.

•

If a ball hits on the top of the backboard it is not out unless it contacts a support piece or fully goes over the backboard.

•

When the ball goes out of bounds the official should give a strong whistle, raise the arm with open palm and signal direction for possession.

Visible Counts

•

Develop a consistent count–

arm slightly above your torso

–

make your count crisp and controlled

•

Counting situations:–

Closely guarded (5)

–

In-bounding (5)–

Back Court (10)

10 Second Back Court Violation

The official will administer a visible 10 count.

A team must advance the ball beyond the center court line

in 10 seconds.

5 Second Violation

•

Five second violations occur for: –

Throw-ins

–

Closely-guarded•

Blow your whistle, signal the violation with open palm and give the 5-second violation mechanic.

Closely Guarded•

Closely guarded is when a defensive player is “actively”

guarding a player within six feet.

•

Closely guarded only applies to when the ball is across half court.

The 5 count resets every time there is a change in the ball handler’s “status”: a player can hold the ball for 4 a player can hold the ball for 4 ½½ seconds, seconds, then dribble for 4 then dribble for 4 ½½ seconds, then hold the ball for 4 seconds, then hold the ball for 4 ½½ seconds before they have to get rid of the ball.seconds before they have to get rid of the ball.

Not Closely GuardedThe 5 count resets

every time there is a change in the ball handler’s “status”: a a player can hold the player can hold the ball for 4 ball for 4 ½½

seconds, seconds,

then dribble for 4 then dribble for 4 ½½ seconds, then hold seconds, then hold

the ball for 4 the ball for 4 ½½ seconds before they seconds before they

have to get rid of the have to get rid of the ball.ball.

Lane Violation (3 seconds)

•

Use preventive officiating before calling: –

“Get out of the key Red!”–

If a player is on their way out don’t call it

–

If player doesn’t move after warning call the violation

An offensive player may An offensive player may not have any part of not have any part of their body in the lane, their body in the lane, while the ball is in the while the ball is in the front court, for more front court, for more than three seconds. than three seconds. Count resets every time Count resets every time the ball is shot.the ball is shot.

“Palming the Ball”

or Carry•

Player rolls his wrist over the ball in an attempt to gain an advantage controlling the ball.–

Most players carry with their normal dribble.

–

Make sure you distinguish between a person’s normal dribble and an attempt to gain an advantage.

Traveling•

Player is not allowed to travel or walk with the ball.–

Pivot Foot: Player commits to a pivot foot by landing on that foot first

•

If player makes a good jump stop, they can establish either foot as their pivot foot.

•

Player may pick up their pivot foot, but must get rid of the ball before returning it to ground.

•

Player cannot jump with the ball and return to the ground with the ball without releasing it.

Double Dribble / Illegal Dribble

–

Not

a Double Dribble:•

Ball has been batted/contacted by opponent

•

Loose Balls•

After a shot attempt, even if the shot does not hit the rim or backboard.

Players cannot start a dribble after their first Players cannot start a dribble after their first dribble has ended or put two hands on the ball dribble has ended or put two hands on the ball while dribbling.while dribbling.

Kick Violation

•

It is a violation to INTENTIONALY kick the ball with any part of the leg or foot.

•

Results in loss of possession for the violating team.

“No Basket! No Basket!”

•

A basket, scored after a violation, must be waived off.

•

This call must be “sold”…–

Be LOUD

–

Use emphatic signals–

Show no indecision

–

Don’t hesitate

Jump Ball or Held Ball

•

Jump Ball –

when opponents each have their hands on the ball and neither can establish possession

Held Ball Held Ball –– when the when the defense prevents an defense prevents an airborne shooter from airborne shooter from releasing the ballreleasing the ball

RESULT Alternating Possession

The Possession Arrow•

The Possession Occurs for…–

Jump Balls or Held Balls

–

Out of bounds off both teams–

Official cannot determine correct possession

–

Simultaneous free-throw violations–

Ball stuck between backboard and hoop

–

Double Foul (Personal or Technical)

Goaltending •

FOUR REQUIRED ELEMENTS

1.

A shot or tap2.

Downward flight

3.

Ball above the level of the basket

4.

The shot has a chance to go in

AWARD THE POINTS AFTER A GOALTENDING CALL AGAINST THE DEFENSE

Basket Interference•

Occurs when a player…–

touches the ball, basket, or net when the ball is ON or within the basket

–

touches the ball while it is on the cylinder

–

touches the ball outside the cylinder while reaching through the basket from below.

If cIf committed by the Defense ommitted by the Defense award award the pointsthe points

IIf committed by the Offense f committed by the Offense disallow disallow the points and grant possession to the the points and grant possession to the defensive teamdefensive team

“Over-and-Back”

ViolationAn offensive player with

the ball may not cross back over half-court once they have advanced the ball beyond mid-court.

•

Its never a violation on a throw-in.

•

If a player jumps from the back court to the front court without establishing position it is considered over-and-

back.

A player is not considered A player is not considered to be in the frontcourt to be in the frontcourt until they have established until they have established 22 out of out of 33 ““pointspoints”” in the in the frontcourt:frontcourt:

THE THE POINTSPOINTS: Right Foot, : Right Foot, Left Foot, and BallLeft Foot, and Ball

Basic Positioning: Lead & Trail

Lead RefereeLEAD OFFICIAL•

Positioned on the base line at a good depth and distance, not under the basket.

•

Responsible for the endline boundary.•

Watches primarily post play and rebounds.

•

An official should always be in position to see between defenders. Never get blocked by the players.

Trail Referee

TRAIL OFFICIAL•

Position on the opposite side as the lead.

•

Watches front court action:–

Closely guarded–

3 Pointers–

Ball handling action•

Responsible for sideline and halfcourt line.

•

An official should always be in position to see between defenders. Never get blocked by the players.

Three Man Coverage Areas

Placement of Throw-ins

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Administer the throw-in closest to the spot of the foul or violation.

•

Never allow a throw-in from under the back board

•

Fouls in the key are administered as shown in the blue highlighted area

Throw Ins •

Ball is to be thrown in from the nearest spot to the infraction/foul.

•

Never allow a player to throw the ball in from underneath the basket.

•

Player gets one step in every direction.–

Exception: After a made basket the team may run the baseline to throw the ball in

Throw In Violations

•

Player has five seconds to release the ball once they have been given it by the official.

•

Official should show a visible count. •

Defensive team cannot reach over the sideline/baseline to defend the ball. –

If any contact is made, delay of game is called

–

2 delay of games result in a technical foul

Free Throw Administration

The Defense…–

Maximum 6 players

–

Must occupy bottom 2 slots

The Offense…–

Maximum 4 players

–

Shooter that was fouled

Players can be in the top 2 spaces nearest the shooter

Free Throw Violations•

Try must be attempted between the foul line and within the free throw semi-circle.

•

A player taking a free throw cannot fake a shot or do anything to cause an opponent to violate the lane.

•

No opponent can “disconcert”

or distract the shooter.

•

No player can enter or leave a space once the shooter has the ball.

•

Players cannot enter the key until the ball has left the hand of

the shooter. Players outside the three point line cannot enter the key until the ball hits the rim.

•

The player taking the free throw must shoot the ball within 10 seconds, otherwise it is a violation.

Free Throw Violations

If Shooting team violates…–

Ball is immediately dead and any basket is disallowed. •

If shots remain, continue to the next shot •

If it is the final attempt, the opposing team gets the ball out of bounds on the side.

If Defensive team violates…–

Delayed dead ball is signaled. •

If the basket is made the violation is ignored. •

If the basket is missed the violation is called and re-tried.

Substitutions•

Substitutes can only enter the game on a dead ball, after being waved in by an official.

•

Substitutes during free throws–

Bring players in only before the last certain free throw.

–

Subbing for the shooter•

If the last free throw is made, stop play and allow substitution to happen.

•

If last free throw is missed, play continues and substitute has to wait until the next dead ball.

Jump Ball Administration•

Players jumping will position themselves facing their basket and

will have both feet within their half of the center circle.

•

All other players will take a position outside of the center circle and must be set at the time of the jump.

•

Teammates may not have adjacent positions if the opposing team indicates the desire to fill that spot.

•

The tossed ball cannot be touched until it reaches its highest point, but must be touched before returning to the ground.

•

The jumper may not: –

Catch the jump ball –

Touch the ball more than twice –

Leave the center circle before the ball is secured –

Control the ball before a non-jumper has had the opportunity

Jump Ball ViolationsBall is re-jumped if…•

Referee makes a bad toss.

•

Teams commit simultaneous violations.•

If one team commits any violation the ball is given out of bounds to the opposing team.

•

If ball is knocked out of bounds on the jump, opposing team gains possession.

The ClockThere are two 20 minute halves •

Clock runs continuously until…–

Stops last in the 1:00 minute.

–

The clock stops on dead balls in these situations•

Fouls, Violations, Free Throws, Out-of-bounds, etc etc

•

Clock will otherwise only stop for time-outs, injuries, and at the official’s discretion.

•

30 point mercy rule under 5 minutes left in the second half.

•

Half-time is 2 minutes.

Intramural Basics•

No jewelry –

officials should check

everyone before the game.•

Elastic headbands and armbands are legal.

•

Three timeouts per game (1-20 second, 2-full). One in each OT session.

•

Teams must start with 4 players.•

Co-Rec

teams must have more or an

equal amount of females on the court at all times.

Overtime (OT)•

Teams will have one 30 sec possession.

•

Teams each have 1 timeout per OT.•

Any defensive fouls = 1 foul shot + possession.

•

Technical fouls = 2 foul shots + possession.•

Personal fouls continue to accumulate.

•

Odd / even choice for offense / defense.•

Any turnover, offensive foul, defensive rebound, or jump ball results in end of possession.

•

Playoffs –

2 minute, running clock to last minute •

Championship –

5 minute, running clock to last minute

Game MGT: Captain’s Meeting•

Set The Tone For The Entire Game –

This is your first chance to let the teams know what kind of game they are going to have.

–

Take control but don’t be pushy. –

If their team has any questions or concerns make sure it goes through the captain.

–

Create your own agenda for the captains meeting. Keep consistent throughout the year.

Basketball Officiating Principles

“Referee the Defense”“Don’t Ball Watch”

“Advantage / Disadvantage”“Use Preventive Officiating”

“Clean up the Game”

“Cleaning up a Game”

Fouls to look for:1.

Hand Checks –

in the back court and cutters

2.

The Post –

look for double fouls, displacement3.

Screens –

moving screens, aggressive

contact4.

Blocks/charges –

call the obvious collisions

5.

Rebounding –

over-the-back, pushing/shoving6.

Technical Fouls –

slows the game (2 shots)

►

Listen for taunting / baiting.►

Pay attention to player’s reaction after the call.