CHEMISTRY PROJECT

PRESENTED BY

Priyadharshini & Swetha.

The United States of America has been attacked by three greatest military power of Japan, Germany and Italy.

The forces ranged against were enormous. They were bitter and ruthless.

In turn U.S. attacked Hiroshima on August 6th 1945 and Nagasaki on August 9th 1945.

THE ALTERNATIVE TARGETS

Hiroshima was the primary target of the first nuclear Bombing mission on August 6 with Kokura and Nagasaki being alternative targets.

Maps showing Hiroshima & Nagasaki- Japan where the two atomic weapons were employed.

On August 6, 1945, the nuclear weapon “ Little Boy”

was dropped on the city of Hiroshima.

The mushroom cloud over Hiroshima after the dropping of

“Little Boy”.

On August 9, 1945, the nuclear weapon “Fat Man”

was dropped over the city of Nagasaki.

The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear

explosion over Nagasaki rises 18 km.

After reaching an altitude of 8,000 meters, the smoke ascended more slowly and took about 30 seconds to reach an altitude of 12,000 meters. Then, the mass of smoke gradually discolored and scattered in wads of white clouds.

Rare photo taken at ground level of

Nagasaki bombing.

Little Boy was uranium 235-based bomb,and was never tested before being exploded overHiroshima.

The postwar ”little boy” casing mock up

Post war – “Fat Boy”

Fat Man, the Nagasaki bomb, was a more complex plutonium 239 bomb and Manhattan Project scientists decided it needed to be tested. A prototype, code-named Gadget, was exploded at Alamogordo New Mexico, 110 miles southwest of Albuquerque, on July 16, 1945 during the now-famous Trinity test.

Nagasaki before and after bombing

As the result of the blast an estimated minimum 90,000 people died within two months.

Hiroshima, in the aftermath of the bombing.

Fat Man exploded at 1,840 feet above Nagasaki and approximately 500 feet south of the Mitsubishi Steel and Armament Works with an estimated force of 22,000 tons of TNT.

Hiroshima, percent dead or injured

psipsi milesmiles populapopulationtion

densitdensityy

killedkilled injuredinjured uninjuruninjureded

34 - 9.534 - 9.5 0 - 0.60 - 0.6 31,20031,200 25,80025,800 85.6%85.6% 9.6%9.6% 4.8%4.8%

9.5 - 29.5 - 2 0.6 - 0.6 - 1.61.6

144,80144,8000

22,70022,700 27.3%27.3% 36.6%36.6% 36%36%

2 - 0.752 - 0.75 1.6 - 1.6 - 3.13.1 80,30080,300 3,5003,500 2.1%2.1% 24.9%24.9% 73%73%

TotalTotal 0 - 3.10 - 3.1 256,30256,3000

8,5008,500 26.5%26.5% 29.6%29.6% 43.8%43.8%

Hiroshima, percent dead or injured

psipsi milesmiles populapopulationtion densitydensity killedkilled injuredinjured uninjuruninjur

eded

34 - 9.534 - 9.5 0 - 0.60 - 0.6 31,20031,200 25,80025,800 85.6%85.6% 9.6%9.6% 4.8%4.8%

9.5 - 29.5 - 2 0.6 - 0.6 - 1.61.6

144,80144,8000

22,70022,700 27.3%27.3% 36.6%36.6% 36%36%

2 - 0.752 - 0.75 1.6 - 1.6 - 3.13.1 80,30080,300 3,5003,500 2.1%2.1% 24.9%24.9% 73%73%

TotalTotal 0 - 3.10 - 3.1 256,30256,3000

8,5008,500 26.5%26.5% 29.6%29.6% 43.8%43.8%

Japanese realization of the bombing

The energy released by the bomb was powerful enough to burn through clothing. The dark portions of the garments this victim wore at the time of the blast were emblazoned on to the flesh as scars, while skin underneath the lighter parts was not damaged as badly.

This photograph shows the stone steps of the main entrance of Sumitomo Bank which is only 250 meters from the hypocenter. It is believed that a person sat down on the steps facing the direction of the hypocenter, possibly waiting for the bank to open. By the flash of heat rays with temperatures over a 1,000 degrees or possibly 2,000 degree centigrade, that person was incinerated on the stone steps. Up to 10 years after the explosion, the shadow remained clearly on the stones

The shadow of the parapets are imprinted on the surface of the bridge, 2,890 feet (880 meters) south-south-west of the hypocenter. These shadows give a clue as to the exact location of the hypocenter.

Atomic Blast Shadows

The photograph shows an eyeball of an A- bomb victim who got an atomic bomb cataract. There is opacity near the center of the eyeball.

PHYSICAL EFFECTS

This girl was on the 2nd floor of a wooden house which was situated 2kms from the hypocenter. She was indoor. So she didn't get any burns. But about a week later, epilation started. She suffered from loss of appetite, bleeding from gum and fever.

RADIATION EFFECTS ON HUMAN

The Atomic Bomb dome near the peace memorial park near Hiroshima.

Albert Einstein, a German Scientist in his speech – “Peace in

the atomic age”- spoke passionately against nuclear weapons

and repression and he also says that there should be mutual

trust between all the nations.

The devil weapons made by man must be removed by the wisdom of man.

Thanks a lot for this opportunity!!!