CARBOHYDRATES

Bio3 Kawashima

also known as sugars or saccharides

have multiple hydroxyl (–OH) groups and one

carbonyl (>C=O) group

Classifying Monosaccharides

Carbonyl location

Aldoses (aldehyde)

Ketoses(ketone)

Length of carbon skeleton

Trioses (3)

Tetroses (4)

Pentoses (5)

Hexoses (6)

Enantiomer

Levorotatory (L)

Dextrorotatory (D)

Anomer –OH

Alpha (α)

Beta (β)

Common monosaccharides found in vertebrates

disaccharides are two monosaccharides joined by a

glycosidic bond –

a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a

dehydration reaction

polysaccharides are polymers of a few hundred to thousands

monosaccharide connected by a glycosidic bonds –

a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a

dehydration reaction

Classifying Polysaccharides

Polymer structure

Branched

Unbranched

Polymer subunits

Homopolymer

Heteropolymer

Amylose

Amylopectin