THE MIGRATION OF WORKERS IN SOUTH KOREA

GROUP 7

LECTURER: MISS KHAIRUL HANIM BINTI FADZIM

NAME MATRIK NO.

ELFIENNA BT ZAKARIA BB 11110138

NUR ATHIRAH BT MOHAMAD ROSHANIZA

BB 11110419

NUR SHARIFAH IDZLAH BT ABU BAKAR BB 11110437

ARNITA BINTI BUBUNG BB 11110060

Profile of South Korea

Elements Description

Flag

Capital Seoul (largest city of South Korea)

Population 50 million

Area 99,720 sq km

Language Korean

Ethnic Group Korean majorities

Currency South Korean won (₩)

GDP per capita, PPP (2012 est.) USD $32,400

Net Migration Rate (2012) 0 migrant(s) / 1,000 population

Remittances (2011) USD $8484.3 million

Birth Rate (2012) 8 birth(s) / 1,000 population

Infant Mortality Rate (2012) 4 death(s) / 1,000 live births

Population below poverty line (2006 est.) 15 %

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Country in Eastern Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula which is bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea.

Demonstrated incredible growth and global integration to become a high- tech industrialized economy.

Ranks 15th in the world by nominal GDP and 12th by purchasing power parity (PPP) in market economy.

The GDP per capita in South Korea has come to USD 32,400 in year 2012.

The unemployment rate in South Korea remained low in 2011 at 3.4 percent.

The current population around 50 million people (2012)

The number of live birth and the migration affects the increasing total number of population.

Year Population (million) Employment (%) Unemployment (%) Net Migration Rate

(migrant(s) /1,000

population)

2000 47.008 61 4.4 0

2001 47.357 61 4.0 0

2002 47.622 62 3.3 0

2003 47.859 61 3.6 0

2004 48.039 62 3.7 0

2005 48.138 62 3.7 0

2006 48.372 61 3.4 0

2007 48.598 61 3.2 0

2008 48.949 61 3.2 0

2009 49.182 60 3.6 -0.33

2010 49.410 60 3.7 0

2011 49.779 60 3.4 0

2012 50.004 61 3.3 0

Data of Population, Employment, Unemployment and Net Migration Rate From Year 2000 until 2012

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Investigate the patterns and trades of marriage migration to Korea.

The foreign brides issues and problems The government policies about the foreign

brides-Grand Plan

Investigate the underlying forces that propel the post-1990 ethnic from China to South Korea.

Implication of growing foreign labor migration influx to South Korea.

The migration of Korean Chinese to South Korea show strong association between movement and the regional post-reform economic restructuring in origin economy of Northeast China.

Focus on the impact of the economic development of South Korea in the nation’s flows of internal and international migration.

The flows of workers reflect to the Korean’s development which can influence the country’s transition.

Investigate the cultural and social implications of the increasing ethnic diversity in Korea, history of labor importation and analyze on the nature of rapidity of aging population in South Korea.

The importation of labor was initially triggered by the Korean’s aversion to low-paying and less prestigious manual jobs, but the inflow of migrant workers will increase as the country needs to address the result of expected labor shortage from the rapid aging and record-low fertility rate.

Investigate the pull and push factor of labor migration to South Korea.

The increases in labor migration in South Korea that influenced by rapid economic growth.

CHAPTER 3

ISSUE AND DISCUSSION

Usually called non-regular Has raised much concern about the risk of

persistent labor market duality and the various downsides associated

Increase from 17% in 2001 to 29% in 2006 Not much higher among youths but raise sharply

for older workers Less educated and small enterprise have high of

temporary workers

There are not simple in south Korean Currently there is a need for centralized

bargaining systems to decide working conditions

The traditional social-economic influence of trade has not been decisive, with cooperative enterprise level unions being the typical type of labor organization

The shortage of labor in certain occupations and jobs has drawn foreign workers into the country

Are working in the country illegally Closely related to the tightening of the labor

market and the consequent wage explosion Did not allow unskilled workers to enter their

country

Women that migrant particularly at the risk exploitation

Korea’s sex industry employs several hundred thousands of women and foreigner

Almost the young group age 16 above From Philippine country

Migrant laborer are from Asians country such as Vietnam

Largely limited to farmers and blue-collar workers and increase in collage-educated white-collar workers

Korean men with low incomes are less likely find Korean wives

Facing shortage of brides and sex imbalanced in favor of males

Nationality Total Sojourners Legal Sojourners Illegal Sojourners

Sum total 231, 471 188, 968 42, 503

Vietnam 61, 058 52, 480 8, 578

Philippines 26, 646 21, 700 4, 946

Indonesia 24, 962 21, 255 3, 707

Thailand 24, 102 20, 927 3, 175

Sri Lanka 17, 923 16, 852 1, 071

Employment Permit Scheme (EPS):

In 2012, a little under 50,000 workers were admitted from 15

countries of origin (in Asia) with whom the South Korea

government has signed an MOU. The sector actively involved by

migrant are industrial manufacturing, agriculture, fisheries,

construction and services.

CHAPTER 4

RECOMMENDATION AND SOLUTION

EPS For Less-skilled Migrant Workers

The less-skilled foreign labor policy in South Korea has five basic principles: 1. The supplement of the domestic labor market. 2. The prohibition of discrimination based on nationality against foreigners. 3. The principle of settlement prevention.4. Guarantees of transparency in the recruiting process of foreigners and anti-corruption.5. Preventing the hindrance of the industrial restructuring.

Highly-skilled Foreign Labor Policies With Visas

The South Korea government showed preferential treatment towards highly-skilled or professional migrant workers by enforcing certain immigration regulations upon only blue-collar migrant workers. Unlike blue-collar migrant workers, there were no quotas on the amount of visas issued to professional migrant workers.

Special Immigration And Settlement Policies For Highly-skilled Migrant Workers

The south korea government, hoping to attract “global talent professionals” for the “brain gain” dimension in korea, actively developed special immigration and settlement policies that supported professional migrants.

1. Programs offering special privileges regarding immigration including the gold card and the science card.

2. Program issuing job search visa.

3. E - visa program for global talent (hunet KOREA).

4. Point system for settlement.

5. Citizenship policies.

Immigration Policy Change: Triggering The Flows Of Female Migrants Into The Care Market.

- In the area of foreign labor and immigration policies for ‘unskilled’ ( bee-jeonmooniik ) migrant workers, the South korea government has shifted its approach from A highly restrictive to A more inclusive one (lee, 2008), in order to relieve the growing labor shortage in low-paying jobs in the korean labor market, especially in farming, fishery, manufacturing, and service industries.

- Although the korean society has experienced increasing flows of foreign labor workers since the end of 1980s 37 it was not until 1993 that the korean government accepted foreign labor through the formal immigration channel.

Employment Permit System

- According to the ministry of labor, South korean employers who wish to employ migrant workers must prove that they are not able to find local workers despite the efforts of the job security agency; the employer may apply for a permit to employ migrant workers.

- The employment support center of the ministry of labor recommends a number of foreigners, who fit the requirements set by an employer, from the list of foreigners seeking jobs, and the employer selects the qualified people from those recommended.

The outcomes of policy changes- Implementation of employment permit system from

2004 is proven to be one the effective ways to reduce the number of illegal foreign workers in south korea based on the statistic changes.

- By allowing foreign low-skilled workers to work full time in local industry, the number of unauthorized leaved by industrial trainees are reduced.

- After many years of struggle by korean NGOs in fighting for the migrant worker’s right, korean government finally came to the decision by accepting foreign workers to work in the local industries with “worker” status.

Since the acceleration of migrant (emigrant & immigrant) to South Korea increases, the government have highlighted certain policies toward them.

The policies done for manage all the issues of migrant workers; regularization scheme, employment permit system, detention and others.