• Japanese were viewed as something subhuman and repulsive. •  Japanese caricatures were mostly short, round-faced, bucktoothed and frequently slant-eyed.

• Tin Pan Alley song: “There’ll be no Adolph Hitler nor Yellow Japs to Fear.”

• Dehumanizing the enemy is common among men in combat.

• Cartoon in the U.S. Marine monthly Leatherneck from March 1945.

• Some Marines went into battle with “Rodent Exterminator” written on their helmets.

• The Last Mission 1946

• The Japanese now wearing western business suits and practicing capitalism