Presentation on the topic:Oscar Wilde’slife and creation .

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Anastasia Khuduakovaand

Olga Zadorojnaya

Born: 16 October 1854Dublin, IrelandDied: 30 November 1900 (aged 46)Paris, FranceOccupation: WriterLanguage: English, FrenchNationality: IrishAlma mater: Trinity College, Dublin Period: Victorian era Genres: Drama, short story, dialogue, journalismLiterary movement: Aestheticism

Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams, plays and the circumstances of his imprisonment, followed by his early death.

Oscar Fingall O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland, on October 16, 1854. His parents were well known and attracted a degree of gossip for their extravagant lifestyles His father, Sir William Wilde, was a well-known surgeon and he was knighted for his services to medicine. ; his mother, Jane Francisca Elgee Wilde, wrote popular poetry and other work under the pseudonym (pen name) Speranza. Because of his mother's literary successes, young Oscar enjoyed a cultured and privileged childhood.After attending Portora Royal School in Enniskillen, Ireland, Wilde moved on to study the classics at Trinity College, Dublin, from 1871 to 1874. There, he began attracting public attention through the uniqueness of his writing and his lifestyle. Before leaving Trinity College, Wilde was awarded many honors, including the Berkely Gold Medal for Greek.

Outstanding childhood

Begins writing careerAt the age of twenty-three Wilde entered Magdalen College, Oxford, England. In 1878 he was awarded the Newdigate Prize for his poem "Ravenna." He attracted a group of followers whose members were purposefully unproductive and artificial. "The first duty in life," Wilde wrote in Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of the Young (1894), "is to be as artificial as possible." After leaving Oxford he expanded his cult (a following). His iconoclasm (attacking of established religious institutions) clashed with the holiness that came with the Victorian era of the late nineteenth century, but this contradiction was one that he aimed for. Another of his aims was the glorification of youth.Wilde published his well-received Poems in 1881. The next six years were active ones.He spent an entire year lecturing in the United States and then returned to lecture in England. He applied unsuccessfully for a position as a school inspector. In 1884 he married, and his wife bore him children in 1885 and in 1886. He began to publish extensively in the following year. His writing activity became as intense and as inconsistent as his life had been for the previous six years. From 1887 to 1889 Wilde edited the magazine Woman's World. His first popular success as a fiction writer was The Happy Prince and Other Tales (1888). The House of Pomegranates (1892) was another collection of his fairy tales.

Journalism 

(1886-89)Criticism over artistic matters in the Pall Mall Gazette provoked a letter in self-defense, and soon Wilde was a contributor to that and other journals during the years 1885–87.

In mid-1887 Wilde became the editor of The Lady's World magazine, his name prominently appearing on the cover

He enjoyed reviewing and journalism; the form suited his style. He could organize and share his views on art, literature and life

Wilde published The Happy Prince and Other Tales in 1888, and had been regularly writing fairy stories for magazines. In 1891 published two more collections, Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories, and in September The House of Pomegranateswas dedicated "To Constance Mary Wilde". " The Portrait of Mr. W. H.", which Wilde had begun in 1887, was first published in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine in July 1889.

Wilde, having tired of journalism, had been busy setting out his aesthetic ideas more fully in a series of longer prose pieces which were published in the major literary-intellectual journals.Two of Wilde's four writings on aesthetics are dialogues, though Wilde had evolved professionally from lecturer to writer, he remained with an oral tradition of sorts.

He often assembled phrases, bons mots for work.

Dialogues

The first version of The Picture of Dorian Gray was published as the lead story in the July 1890 edition of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, along with five others. The story begins with a man painting a picture of Gray. When Gray, who has a "face like ivory and rose leaves" sees his finished portrait he breaks down, distraught that his beauty will fade, but the portrait stay beautiful, inadvertently making

a Faustian bargain. For Wilde, the purpose of art would guide life if beauty alone were its object.Wilde sought to juxtapose the beauty he saw in art onto daily life.

The Picture of Dorian Gray

ImprisonmentWilde was imprisoned first in Pentonville and then Wandsworth Prison in London. Inmates followed a regimen of "hard labour, hard fare and a hard bed", which wore very harshly on Wilde, accustomed as he was to many creature comforts. His health declined sharply, and in November he collapsed during chapel from illness and hunger.

Wilde was released on 19 May 1897, and though his health had suffered greatly, he had a feeling of spiritual renewal. He immediately wrote to the Society of Jesus requesting a six-month Catholic retreat. The request was denied. He left England the next day for the continent, to spend his last three years in penniless exile.Then, he took the name "Sebastian Melmoth“ and wrote two long letters to the editor of the Daily Chronicle, describing the brutal conditions of English prisons.

By 25 November Wilde had developed cerebral meningitis. Robbie Ross arrived on 29 November and sent for a priest, and Wilde was conditionally baptised into the Catholic Church by Fr Cuthbert Dunne, a Passionist priest from Dublin.

Wilde was initially buried in the Cimetière de Bagneux outside Paris; in 1909 his remains were disinterred to Père Lachaise Cemetery, inside the city. His tomb was designed by Sir Jacob Epstein,commissioned by Robert Ross, who asked for a small compartment to be made for his own ashes.

Death

Oscar  Wilde - English philosopher, esthete, writer, poet, playwright, journalist, essayist, journalist of Irish descent. One of the most famous play wrights of

late Victorian period, the bright celebrity of his time. After two years in prison and hard labor gone to France, where he lived in poverty and oblivion by change of name. His plays, full of paradoxes, the phrases and aphorisms, as well as the novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray" (1891).

Conclusions