المحاضرة الثالثة: المتطلبات وتحديد نطاق العمل و هيكل تجزئة المشروع

Project Management Third Session

Egypt ScholarsPresented by

Mohamed Khalifa HassanJan 2014

© Mohamed Khalifa, 2014 All Rights Reserved 1

2© Mohamed Khalifa, 2010 All Rights Reserved

3.3 Communicating and refining requirements

1 – InterviewsAn Interview is a formal or informal approach to discover information from stakeholders by talking to them directly.


2 – Focus groupFocus groups bring together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about expectations and attitudes about the proposed product, service or result.


3 – Facilitated Workshops:Requirements workshop are focused sessions that bring key cross-functional stakeholders together to define product requirements. Workshops are considered a primary technique for quickly defining cross-functional requirements and reconciling stakeholder differences.



4 – Group Creativity TechniquesSeveral group activities can be organized to identify project and product requirements.Creativity techniques that can be used are :Brainstorming, Nominal group technique, Delphi Technique, Idea/mind mapping affinity diagram.



5 - Group Decision Making Techniques:Group decision making is an assessment process of multiple alternatives with an

expected outcome is the form of future actions resolution.Methods of reaching a group decision are Unanimity , Majority , Plurality, Dictatorship


6 – Questionnaires and SurveysThe most appropriate with broad audiences, when turnaround is needed, and where statistical analysis is appropriate.



7 – ObservationsIt called “Job Shadowing” is usually done externally by observer viewing the user performing his /her job. It call also be done by a “Participant observer” who actually performs a process or procedure to experience how it is done to uncover hidden requirements.


8 – Prototype • It allows stakeholders to experiment with a model of their final

product rather than only discussing abstract representations.


Requirements Documentation

Describes how individuals requirements meet the business need for the project.It may start out at a high level and become progressively more details as more is known.It must be Measurable and testable, traceable, complete, consistent and acceptable to key stakeholders.

Requirements Management PlanDocument how the requirements will be analyzed , documented , and managed throughout the project.

Requirement Tractability Matrix



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Plan Communication is the process of determining the project stakeholder information needs and defining a communication approach

© Mohamed Khalifa, 2010 All Rights Reserved

3.4 Communications Communication Plan

Communication Models A basic model of communication demonstrates how information is sent and received between two parties, defined as the sender and receiver. The key components of this model include :- Encode : To translate thoughts or ideas into a language that is

understood by others.- Message and feedback- message : the output of encoding- Medium : The method used to convey the message- Noise: Anything that interferes with the transmission and

understanding the message.- Decode: to translate the message into meaningful thoughts or

ideas.


3.5 Communications

Communication Methods :Interactive Communication : Between two or more parties perform multidirectional exchange of information (Meeting , Conference call, video , ..).Push Communication : Sent to specific recipients who need to know the information (Fax , E-mail, letters, Memo, ..).Pull Communication : Used for very large volumes of information, or very large audience ( e-learning, Intranet and knowledge repositories)

© Mohamed Khalifa, 2010 All Rights Reserved 14

3.5 Communications

• Communication management plan :– Describes the project team’s approach to communication project

information this includes:-

• What information is communicated to whom , by whom , when and in what manner.

• It document how information is collected, archived and accessed.

• Flow charts of the information flow in the project, workflow with possible sequence of authorization, list of reports and meeting plans.

• Communication constraints .


3.5 Communications

Education

المحاضرة الثالثة: المتطلبات وتحديد نطاق العمل و هيكل تجزئة المشروع