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CHANGES IN
CONSTRUCTI
ON PROJECTS
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Managerial
TechnologicalSocial
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
1•The re-work problem is
often caused by poor project change management.
2•During construction
projects, many decisions have to be made under uncertain conditions.
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
3•Designers, engineers and other
professionals have to make assumptions based on existing available information and their experience.
4•If any assumption is proven
wrong, some decisions have to be revised.
•changes are often inevitable.
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
5 •The key-how to avoid or reduce the negative impact of changes.
6•The need for effective
change management is essential for productivity improvement.
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
It can be caused by either internal or external
Factors (ARE THEY AVOIDABLE?). Different changes may have different effects or consequences.
A change refers to an alteration or a modification to pre-existing
conditions, assumptions or requirements.
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Plan preventive impacts & coordinate changes across
the entire project.
Identify changes that have already occurred.
The objective of change management is to forecast possible changes.
TYPES OF CHANGE
A gradual change, also known as incremental change, happens slowly over a
prolonged period and its intensity is low.
A change that occurs can be a “gradual change” or a “radical
change”.
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS• A radical change is sudden, dramatic
and has a marked effect.• Gradual Changes often occur during
the design development stage, where many decisions are fine Tuned and refined progressively.
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS• Radical changes occur during construction phases.• Project changes can also be classified as
“anticipated changes” and “emergent changes”.
• Anticipated changes are planned in advance and occur as intended.
• On the other hand, emergent changes arise spontaneously and are not originally anticipated or intended.
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS• Another way to view project change is
through its necessity.• In this way, project changes can be
classified as “elective changes” and “required changes”.
• An elective change is where one may choose whether or not to implement; and a required change is where there is no option but to make the change.
CAUSES OF CHANGE
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
CHANGES
External causes:■ Economic issues■ Environmental issues■ Technological issues■ Regulatory issues
CHANGES
Internal causes:■ Organisational level• Organisational culture• Ineffective decision-making■ Project level• Design Improvements
CHANGES • Inadequate skills and knowledge
amongst the team• Inclement weather• Late change of client brief• Designer change of mind• Design errors• Inadequate knowledge of the site
conditions
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS• Revised design parameters• Minor field-originated changes• Contract disputes• Ambiguity in project goal, scope, and
resources
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSDirect effects■ Addition of work■ Deletion of work■ Demolition of work already done■ Rework■ Specification change■ Time lost in stopping and
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSrestarting current tasks in order to make
thevariation■ Revisions to project reports and
documents■ Reorganise schedule and work
methods to make up lost timeIndirect effects■ Need for communicating change to all
project members
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS■ Dispute and blaming amongst project
partners■ Loss of productivity due to
reprogramming; loss of rhythm, unbalanced gangs and acceleration
CHANGES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS■ Change in cash flow, financial
costs, loss of earnings■ Increased risk of co-ordination
failures and errors■ Lower morale of work force■ Loss of float, therefore increased
sensitivity to further delays
Changes inConstruction
Projects
OmissionAdditionErrors
DesignchangeBad
weather
site conditionsUncertainty
Lack of propersite investigation
Changesmade by the
client
Resources
Scope
Goals
Remove any Ambiguity
RESOURCESSCOPEGOALS
REMOVE ANY AMBIGUITY
LeadershipCo-ordinationcommunication
Team work MORE LEADERSHIP AND TEAM,WORK LESSCHANGES TO THE ORIGINAL PLANS