© Students of History - http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History

Alliance of Caesar, Crassus, & PompeyLasted from 60 B.C. – 53 B.C.Combines the abilities of 3 powerful men:

Caesar: enormous popularity and great legal reputation Crassus: great wealth and influence within the Equestrian orderPompey: great spectacular wealth and military reputation

Pompey thinks that Caesar’s popularity will make him consulTells Caesar to disband his army & report homeCaesar agreed to resign if Pompey did alsoThe Senate demands he immediately disband his army & return home

Caesar denies the request and Caesar denies the request and marches his army across the marches his army across the Rubicon RiverRubicon RiverThis is a sign of warThis is a sign of warCaesar has committed treason Caesar has committed treason by crossing the Rubicon with his by crossing the Rubicon with his armyarmy““Ilia iacta est.” (“The die has Ilia iacta est.” (“The die has been cast.”)been cast.”)

Pompey & the Senate’s legions fight Caesar’s in GreecePompey is defeated and flees to EgyptCaesar’s men find him and kill himCaesar continues on toward Egypt

Caesar defeated Ptolemy's armyMakes Cleopatra the ruling pharaohFalls in love with her and she gives birth to his son, Caesarion

Caesar returns to Rome & is elected dictator for lifeHelps the poor get jobsExpands Rome’s territory Increases soldier’s salariesCreates the Julian Calendar

The Senate is upset The Senate is upset about how about how much power he hasmuch power he hasCaesar sees an oracle Caesar sees an oracle who tells him “Beware who tells him “Beware of the Ides of March” of the Ides of March” Caesar is stabbed 23 Caesar is stabbed 23 times by his closest times by his closest friends, Brutus and friends, Brutus and Cassius Cassius “…“…et tu, Brute?”et tu, Brute?”

Assassination of Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.) in Roman Senate. Painting (19th century), by Vincenzo Camuccini.

Caesar’s friend Mark Caesar’s friend Mark Antony, adopted son Antony, adopted son Octavian, & the Octavian, & the politician Lepidus politician Lepidus Form the Second Form the Second TriumvirateTriumvirateBut then they turn on But then they turn on each other and each other and Octavian defeats Marc Octavian defeats Marc AntonyAntonyOctavian becomes the Octavian becomes the first Roman Emperor first Roman Emperor and changes his name and changes his name to Caesar Augustus to Caesar Augustus

Antony also met and fell Antony also met and fell in love with Cleopatrain love with CleopatraThey had several They had several children togetherchildren togetherWhen Antony When Antony realized he was realized he was defeated he defeated he committed suicidecommitted suicideCleopatra killed Cleopatra killed herself soon afterherself soon after

Who would you Who would you consider the heroes consider the heroes in this story in this story and who are the and who are the villains? Explain villains? Explain your reasoning your reasoning for each.for each.