MODERNIZATION & SOCIAL CHANGE MEANING OF MODERNIZATION DEFINITION OF MODERNIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNIZATIONMEANING OF SOCIAL CHANGE DEFINITION OF SOCIAL CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL CHANGE ABOUT THE TOPIC CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

MEANING OFMODERNIZATION One time historical process started by the industrial revolution of England and political revolution in France. Occurred in the west through the twin processes of commercialization and industrialization. The process of modernization is global in character. The heterogeneous meanings to the concept is due to wide range of interest, level of abstraction and degree of attentiveness to definitional problems.

DEFINITION OF MODERNIZATION According to Huntington, modernization is a multifaceted process involving changes in all areas of human thought and activity. Wilbert E Moore defines modernization as the total transformation of a traditional or pre-modern society into the types of technology and associated social organization that characterize the advanced, economically prosperous and relatively politically stable nations of the western world. According to Neit J. Smelser, the term modernization refers to the fact that technical, economic and ecological change ramify through the whole social and cultural fabric.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNIZATION Differentiation and social mobilization. Involves structural differentiation. Implies the process in which major cluster of old social, economic and psychological commencements are eroded. Is characterized by mass communications, literacy and education. It includes the intense application of scientific technology and inanimate sources of energy high specialization of labour and interdependence of impersonal market, large - scale financing and concentration of economic decision - making and raising level of material well – being etc.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNIZATION Substitution of inanimate power like steam, electricity or atomic for human and animal power as the basis of production, distribution; transport and communication, separation of economic activities from the traditional settings, increasing replacement by machine and technology. Highly differentiated and functionally specified system. High degree of integration. Widespread and effective sense of popular identification. Widespread popular-interest and involvement. Diversified educational services .

MEANING OF SOCIAL CHANGE

It refers to the modifications which take place in life pattern of people. It refers to observable differences in any social phenomena over any period of time. It is the change in social relationships (social processes, social patterns and social interactions). It describes variations of any aspect of social processes, social patterns, social interactions or social organization.

DEFINITION OF SOCIAL CHANGE According to Jones “social change is a term used to describe variations in social relationships. “

According to Kingsley “social change is meant only such alternations as occur in social organization.”

According to Maclver and Page “social change refers to a process responsive to many types of changes.”

DEFINITION OF SOCIAL CHANGE According to Morris Ginsberg “social change is change in social structure.”

According to P Fairchild “social change is variations or modifications in any aspects of social process, pattern or form.

According to H. M. Johnson “social change is either change in the structure or quasi-structural aspects of a system of change in the relative importance of coexisting structural pattern.”

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL CHANGE It is used to describe variation in social interactions, processes and social organizations. It occurs in all societies and at all times. It is natural, unavoidable and unchangeable law. It does not attach any value judgment. It is neither moral nor immoral, it is amoral. It is temporal. The rate, tempo, speed and extent is not uniform. Any prediction on exact forms is difficult to make. It is the consequence of a number of factors.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIAL CHANGE It is considered as modifications or replacements. The conceptualization of the magnitude of change involves the next attribute of change, the time span. It may occur in the natural course or it is done by man deliberately.

MODERNIZATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE The Western model reconsidered

MODERNIZATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE Transformation

MODERNIZATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE Empathy

MODERNIZATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE The want-get ratio

MODERNIZATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE Public opinion

CONCLUSION Modernization, now occurring on an interactive global scale, will point the way to a future modernity in the measure that advanced and backward, developed and underdeveloped, societies arrive at an understanding of what they have in common. This achievement of consensus on the values of a commonwealth of human dignity will provide the ultimate motor of modernization-for those who think they are, as for those who wish to be, modern.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Barker, Ernest (1937) 1944 The Development of Public Services in Western Europe: 1660–1930. New York and London: Oxford Univ. Press. → First published as “The Development of Administration, Taxation, Social Services and Education” in Edward Eyre (editor), European Civilization, Its Origin and Development.

Bendix, Reinhard 1961 Social Stratification and the Political Community. Archives européennes de sociologie 1:181–210.

Black, Cyril E. 1962 Political Modernization in Russia and China. Pages 3–18 in International Conference on Sino-Soviet Bloc Affairs, 3d, Lake Kawaguchi, 1960, Unity and Contradiction: Major Aspects of Sino-Soviet Relations. Edited by Kurt London. New York: Praeger.

Black, Cyril E. 1966 The Dynamics of Modernization: A Study in Comparative History. New York: Harper.

Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. 1962 Development of the Emerging Countries: An Agenda for Research. Washington: The Institution.

Brzezinski, Zbigniew 1956 The Politics of Underdevelopment. World Politics 9:55–75.

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