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Learrning styles and learning strategies
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“Specified patterns of behavior and/or
performance according to which the
individual approaches a learning
experience; a way in which the individual
takes in new information and develops
new skills; the process by which an
individual retains new information or
skills” . (Sarasin, L.C, 2006)
“The manner in which individuals
choose, or are inclined to
approach, a learning situation “.(Cassidy, 2004).
“The way an individual perceives,
organizes, processes, and
remembers information “.
(Beebe, Mottet, Roach, 2004).
By Seeing (visual)
By Hearing (auditory)
By touching (tactile)
Visual
Is also referred to as the visual-spatial style. People who favor this style prefer to use colors, images,
maps, charts and graphs to communicate and organize
information.
Auditory
Is one in which the learner interprets meaning and solidifies understanding
through the form of active listening.
Tactile/kinesthetic
The tactile learning style is almost always joined with the kinesthetic learning. Both styles involve bodily movement, and are very similar, but the tactile style is more moderate. it involves the sense of touch, and fine motor movements, rather than the large, whole-body movements seen in the kinesthetic learning style. The Tactile Learning Style takes in information through the sense of touch and feeling, and generally has good eye-hand coordination.
Are good with sign language.
Good at spelling but
forgets names.Need quiet study time.
Have to think awhile
before understanding lecture.
Are good at spelling
Like colors & fashion.Understand/like charts.
Draw a map of events in history or draw scientific process.Make outlines of everything!Copy what's on the board.Ask the teacher to diagram.Diagram sentences!Take notes, make lists.Watch videos.Color code words, research notes.Outline reading.Use flashcards.Use highlighters, circle words, underline.
good in study
groups.
Like to read to self out
loud.
are not afraid to speak in class.
Like oral reports.
good at explaini
ng.
Remember
names.
Notice sound effects in movies.
Enjoy music.
good at grammar and
foreign language.Read slowly.
Follow spoken
directions well.
Can't keep quiet for
long periods.Enjoy acting,
being on stage.
Using word association to remember
facts and lines.
Recording lectures.
Watching videos.
Repeating facts with eyes closed.
Participating in group discussions.
Using audiotapes for language practice.
Taking notes after writing them.
good at sports.
Can't sit still for long.
are not great at spelling.
Do not have great
handwriting.
Nervous during
lectures.
involved in martial arts,
dance.
Build models.
Take breaks when
studying.
Like role playing.
Like science lab.
Study with loud music
on
Like adventure
books, movies.
Studying in short blocks.
Taking lab classes.
Role playing.
Taking field trips, visiting
museums.
Studying with others.
Using memory games.
Using flash cards to
memorize.
Are the tools that students themselves can
employ independently to complete a language
task.
“Learning strategies are specific actions taken
by the learner to make learning easier, faster,
more enjoyable, more self-directed, more
effective, more transferable to new situations”.
Source (Oxford, 1990)
“Operations …to aid the:-acquisition,-storage,-retrieval, and-use of information…”
source (Oxford, 1990)
Language learning strategies are the
purposeful steps used by language learners
to:
-comprehend and process new information
more deeply,
-to help to recall old information, and
-apply knowledge and skills to facilitate
problem-solving.
Source (Nyikos, 1991)
There are two main types of learning
strategies:
Strategies for planning.
Strategies for learning.
Advance Organization
Doing a preview of what you
are going to learn.
Directing Attention
This means paying
attention to studying
something, and not doing other
things like surfing the Internet.
Self-management
This is understanding the conditions that help you
learn, and organizing
them.
Advance Preparation
Planning and learning that you will need for something
Self-monitoring
Correcting yourself if you
make a mistake when you are using
English
Delayed Production
When you first start to learn a new language you may decide not to try speaking until you
have learned some vocabulary, grammar
and pronunciation. You may just want to try listening first, before
speaking.
Self-reinforcement
This means giving yourself a present when
you have successfully
learned something.
Working Alone or with Other
Peopleget more ideassuggest improvements
mistakeencourage you to do better
Explaining/understandTeamwork
Self-evaluation (Self-assessment
or testing)Deciding if you have finished
learning a topic because your
English is good enough to do the things you need
Grouping: Putting things in
groups and in order helps you
to build a framework for
learning
Imagery: This means making pictures in your
mind to help you remember
things
Questions for Clarification: talk
to English-speakers and
asking for them to repeat,
paraphrase, explain or give
examples.
Recording yourself: record
yourself speaking, either on your
own, or with other people
Form a group of people to practice
speaking English Club
Sing: You can sing English
songs that you like, either
alone, or with friendsAct: you can
join a drama club or group that puts on English plays
Imagine: Imaging that you are in a
situation where you need to
speak English
Repetition: You can repeat a
word out loud or silently to practice
pronunciation
Sound: This means
remembering English sounds by using sounds
in your own language
Note-taking: it's a good idea to write down the main ideas, important points, an outline or a summary of a topic. Organization: You can use a mind-map, to help you organize the information.
Proof-reading: you can use this program to automatically check for some common mistakes.
Peer-review: ask a friend to read your text and comment on it. To-do list: write a list of 10 specific problems you have with your writing. Put them in order of seriousness or solvability. Work on the highest priority problems until you solve them.
Transfer: Use ideas that you already have to make learning easier. Translation: Read a story in a newspaper in your own language first, then read the same story in another language. Most of the story will probably be the same, so the story in your own language will help you to prepare for reading in (English).Inference: use the strategy of reading a newspaper story in your own language first for prediction.
Prediction: As well as predicting from newspaper stories in your own language, you can predict from your knowledge of the world, you knowledge of how people think, write and talk, and your knowledge of what the writer is like.
Physical Response: listen to
instructions about how to do
something, and follow the
instructions. Prediction: predict what someone is
going to say by the topic of the
conversation and your knowledge of that person's opinions.
Preparation: listen to the news in your own language, then listen
to it in English. Listening in your own language will help to predict what topics
and vocabulary will be in the English news.
Motivate yourself: like movies or music,
you can practice listening to them.
Use rules to work out the answer or how to do something.
Deduction
Recombination
Writing your own grammar book
Join together things you already know to make new things
Can contain rules, examples, your notes, lists of exceptions, etc.
Get a grammar
book
Read and listen
Using new grammar
After you learn some new grammar, use it in conversation or writing, and see what your listener's or reader's reaction is: do they understand you? You can ask "Did I say that right?"
Go to a bookshop and look at the different grammar books. Choose one that you understand.
To see how writers and speakers use English grammar to communicate their ideas
Contextualization
Elaboration
Inference
Put new vocabulary words into sentences to help you remember them and to test if you are using them correctly.
Relate new information to information you already know.
Use available information to predict or guess the meanings of new vocabulary items.
Translation
Personalization
Dictionary
Grouping
Read a story in your own language first, and then read the same story in an another language. Most of the story will probably be the same, so the story in your own language will help you to prepare for reading in another language.
Write down why the vocabulary item is important to you, where you first saw it, and when you used it.
Writing entries for the dictionary will help to learn words.
Group words into different areas, such as words in the different courses you study.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_styles
http://www.learning-styles-online.com/overview/http://www.ldpride.net/learningstyles.MI.htm#Learning%20Styles%20Explained
http://www.kucrl.org/sim/strategies.shtml
http://www2.elc.polyu.edu.hk/cill/strategy.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNxCporOofo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQYW6vYSGXs