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04/07/231
YouTube video-Bill Nye Galaxies song
04/07/232
Discover Activity-Why Does Discover Activity-Why Does the Milky Way Look Hazy?the Milky Way Look Hazy?
1. Using a pencil, carefully poke at least 20 holes close together in a sheet of white paper.
2. Tape the paper to a chalkboard or dark-colored wall.3. Go to the other side of the room and look at the paper.
From the far side of the room, what do the dots look like? Can you see individual dots?
Think It Over1. Making Models How is looking at the paper from the
far side of the room like trying to see many very distant stars that are close together? How does your model compare to the photograph of the Milky Way below?
04/07/233
The Milky Way
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There are more stars in There are more stars in the sky than all the the sky than all the
grains of sand on all the grains of sand on all the beaches in the world.beaches in the world.
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binary (double) star system
2 stars
triple star system 3 stars
eclipsing binary system in which 1 star blocks the light from another
star system=
• group of 2 or more stars
• located by observing effects of star’s gravity-
• 2nd star makes 1st star move back & forth
04/07/236
binary starsbinary stars
Hubble image of the Sirius binary system, in which Sirius B can be clearly distinguished (lower left).
04/07/237
An eclipsing binary star where the smaller, An eclipsing binary star where the smaller, hotter companion alternately eclipses and is hotter companion alternately eclipses and is
eclipsed by the larger companion. eclipsed by the larger companion.
04/07/238
planets around other starsplanets around other starsastronomers detect planet from
effect of planet’s gravity on motion of star it revolves around
discovered >100 large planets
04/07/239
Planets Orbiting Other Stars video clip
04/07/2310
star clustersstar clusters large grouping of many stars 2 types:1. open clusters2. globular clusters
04/07/2311
Open clustersOpen clusters Globular clustersGlobular clustersLoose, disorganized appearance
Round
Made of few thousand stars
Densely packed w/ stars
Have bright supergiants & much gas & dust
Older stars about same age & distance from Earth
04/07/2312
Draw and label a picture of:Draw and label a picture of:
1.1. A binary star systemA binary star system2.2. A triple star systemA triple star system3.3. An eclipsing binary systemAn eclipsing binary system4.4. Open clusterOpen cluster5.5. Globular clusterGlobular cluster
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04/07/2314
galaxygalaxyhuge group of single
stars, star systems, star clusters, dust & gas bound together by gravity
billions of galaxies in universe
04/07/2315
3 types3 typesof galaxiesof galaxies
• pinwheel shapepinwheel shape• have arms that have arms that
spiral outspiral out
• look likelook likeflattened ballsflattened balls• contain onlycontain only
old starsold stars
• nonoregular shaperegular shape•young starsyoung stars
04/07/2316
04/07/2317
What What galaxy galaxy do we do we live in?live in?
04/07/2318
04/07/2319
Milky Way galaxyMilky Way galaxywhere our solar system isbarred-spiral galaxy barred-spiral galaxy = huge bar shaped
region of stars & gas that passes thru ctr.
04/07/2320
The Sun is just one of 200 billion stars in this typical barred-spiral galaxy that is about 90,000 light years in diameter.
Milky Way looking down from above.
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The Milky Way Galaxy The Milky Way Galaxy
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Where is the sun in our galaxy?Where is the sun in our galaxy?
04/07/2323
Galaxies video clip
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universeuniverseall of space & everything in itastronomers use scientific
notation= system that uses powers of 10 to write very large or very small numbers in shorter form
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1,2001,2001.2 X 103
scientific notation
5,400,000,0005,400,000,0005.4 X 109
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100,000,000,000 stars in the Milky Way Galaxyx 50,000,000,000 Galaxies
----------------------------- 5,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
stars in the universe
5 X 1021
in scientific notation ?
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04/07/2328
What is a binary star?What is a binary star?a star system with 2 stars
04/07/2329
Name the main types Name the main types of galaxies.of galaxies.
1. spiral2. elliptical3. irregular
04/07/2330
What type of galaxy is What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?the Milky Way?
spiral or barred-spiral
04/07/2331
Suppose astronomers Suppose astronomers discover a galaxy that discover a galaxy that contains only old stars. contains only old stars. What type of galaxy is What type of galaxy is
it likely to be?it likely to be?elliptical
04/07/2332
04/07/2333
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
04/07/2334
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
spiral
04/07/2335
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
Cigar Galaxy
04/07/2336
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
elliptical
Cigar Galaxy
04/07/2337
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
Andromeda Galaxy
04/07/2338
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
spiral
04/07/2339
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
Galaxy NGC 4486
04/07/2340
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
elliptical
04/07/2341
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
Rainbow Galaxy
04/07/2342
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
spiral
04/07/2343
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
Large Magellanic Cloud
04/07/2344
spiral, elliptical or irregular ?spiral, elliptical or irregular ?
irregular
04/07/2345
spiral, elliptical or irregularspiral, elliptical or irregular
Galaxy NGC 1316
04/07/2346
spiral, elliptical or irregularspiral, elliptical or irregular
elliptical
04/07/2347
spiral, elliptical or irregularspiral, elliptical or irregular
04/07/2348
spiral, elliptical or irregularspiral, elliptical or irregular
elliptical
04/07/2349
Glitter GalaxyGlitter Galaxy1. Make a galaxy with glitter2. Name your galaxy and tell what
type of galaxy it is 3. Describe the galaxy (shape, type
of stars found in it, number of stars)