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Slides prepared as discussion document for meeting convened by Bob Kieft (Occidental College) and hosted by UCLA, focused on a regional print management strategy in Southern California. Attendees included library directors from academic libraries throughout Southern California.
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The world’s libraries. Connected.
A mega-regional perspective on print books in Southern California libraries
SoCal
Constance MalpasOCLC Research
Shared Print Collections Southern California Mega-Region Meeting
14 December 2012 - UCLA - Bob Kieft, convener
The world’s libraries. Connected.
• Geographic area defined by high level of
economic integration underpinned by robust
supporting infrastructure (transportation, logistics,
etc.)
• Anchored by one or more urban agglomerations
• High concentration of educational and cultural
organizations, a center of gravity for the ‘creative
class’
What we mean by ‘mega-region’
The world’s libraries. Connected.
• An empirically derived framework (Richard Florida, et al.)
based on regional economic activity; mega-regions are a
‘natural unit’ for analysis
• Helps situate print management within broader networks of
economic exchange; builds on existing organizational
infrastructure and institutional interests
• Shared print management efforts being undertaken at
variable (and overlapping) scale; we have no objective
benchmarks for establishing appropriate scale of action
• For monographic literature especially, we believe a model
based on economic ‘flows’ is an appropriate choice
Mega-regions and print management
The world’s libraries. Connected. OCLC Research, 2012
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Print books in Southern California libraries
SoCal
21% of titles (4% of holdings) in North American print book collection
including more than 900K titles unique to SoCal
Regional print book collection
• 9,771,974 discrete titles (manifestations)
• 7,880,297 discrete works
• 1.24 manifestations per work on average
• 39,969,816 holdings in SoCal libraries
• 4.09 holdings per title on average
• Median age: 30 (i.e. published 1982)
OCLC Research, 2012
The world’s libraries. Connected.
‘Density’ of print book holdings in SoCal
78%11%
8%
2%
0%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
<5 in region
5 to 9 in region
10 to 24 in region
25 to 99 in region
>99 in region
Percent of SoCal Print Books (holdings)
Ho
ldin
g L
ibra
ries in
So
Cal
OCLC Research, 2012
SoCal
Majority of titles held by <5 libraries in region
The world’s libraries. Connected.
In sum: supply-side view of regional resource
EVIDENCE
•SoCal print book collection is the
sixth largest regional collection
in North America
•SoCal library holdings provide
coverage for about 20% of print
book titles in North America
OPINION
SoCal institutions will continue to rely
on access to, and preservation of
extra-regional book collections
Need to coordinate regional
management plan with other North
American partners
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Intra-regional stewardship: institutional infrastructure
SoCal
774 holding library symbols in WorldCat
Type Percent of SoCal
population
School libraries 48%
Non-ARL academic libraries 19%
Special libraries 16%
Public libraries 10%
Other 5%
ARL libraries 2%** Institutions with stewardship mandate and preservation capacity
*( )
OCLC Research, 2012
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Demand-side dynamics: inter-lending traffic
Lending Location
Requesting Location
Outside
North Ameri
can mega-region
s
Unknown locati
on (no zip
data)Bos-
WashCasca
diaChar-lanta
Chi-Pitts
Dal-Austi
n
Denver-
Boulder
Hou-Orlea
nsNorC
al
Phoenix-
Tucson SoCal
So-Flo
Tor-Buff-chest
erNorCal 18% 0% 9% 3% 2% 8% 2% 2% 1% 31% 1% 21% 1% 2%
SoCal 16% 1% 7% 3% 2% 7% 2% 2% 1%17% 2%41% 1% 1%
SoCal
OCLC Research, 2012
CY2010 Returnable Borrowing & Lending Activity (WCRS)
Percent of Returnable Requests Filled by Mega-region
41% of SoCal demand is fulfilled within the mega-region
The world’s libraries. Connected.
https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?gl=us&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=116372932749076038893.00044700bc73cbe3a8198
Regional stewardship: cooperative infrastructure
Leveraging resource-sharing capacity on a regional scale
The world’s libraries. Connected.
In sum: demand-side view of regional resource
EVIDENCE
•SoCal print book resource is a
vital part of regional information
economy
•SoCal resource delivers value
beyond the immediate region
OPINION
By more effectively surfacing
distinctive regional resources in
discovery systems, SoCal can
increase support for regional
stewardship; preservation of
‘redundant’ resources should be
informed by aggregate demand
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Distribution of SoCal Print Books by Holding Library Type
25,876,93265%
11,600,84129%
2,492,0436%
Academic Public Other
OCLC Research, 2012
SoCal
N = 40M holdings
Majority of titles held by
academic libraries
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Distribution of SoCal Print Books in Academic Libraries
OCLC Research, 2012
SoCal
37% of SoCal holdings
N = 26M holdings in SoCal academic libraries; 40M holdings in all SoCal libraries
27%of SoCal holdings
… mostly non-ARL libraries
The world’s libraries. Connected.
OPINION
As mid-tier HEI seek to adapt to
competitive e-learning environment,
local investment in print management
is likely to decline; external
cooperative or commercial
strategies will be increasingly
attractive to academic administrators
In sum: institutional stewardship
EVIDENCE
•2/3rds of SoCal print book
collection is held by academic
libraries
• Most of these held by non-ARL
institutions with limited
preservation capacity or
mandate
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Intra-regional stewardship: in the room today*
SoCal
1,796,497 7,329,672+ 715,426+969,884+
*excludes UoP and HNU, which fall outside SoCal zone
=
10.8M print book holdings
27% of SoCal regional resource
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Extra-regional preservation capacity for SoCal print books
46%
82%
58%
75%
45%
33%
40%
63%
39%
62%
32%
OCLC Research, 2012
SoCal
9.8M titles
Percent of titles (manifestations) duplicated in other North American mega-regions
The world’s libraries. Connected.
Digital preservation (HathiTrust) status of SoCal print books
SoCal
N = 9.8M titles (manifestations)
25%
OCLC Research, 2012
Range for other mega-regions:
19%-33%
The world’s libraries. Connected.
OPINION
Given growing stewardship
expectations for ARL institutions,
investment in print preservation
should be reassessed in view of
growing digital preservation
infrastructure; regional efforts should
acknowledge inter-regional
dependencies
In sum: regional stewardship
EVIDENCE
• A preservation compact among
a small number of institutions
would secure a significant part of
the regional resource
• If comprehensive coverage is
desired, extra-regional
agreements may be needed
The world’s libraries. Connected.
• SoCal print book collection is a vital regional resource
• It delivers value within the SoCal region
• It complements and enriches other regional collections
• Pressures on academic libraries will continue to destabilize current preservation ecosystem
• Strategic planning on a (mega-) regional scale is a reasonable place to start; it builds on existing infrastructure and networks of supply and demand
In conclusion
