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Presented by Adam Carroll, Adam Aaron, and Gordon Williams on March 9, 2013, as part of the Science Saturdays ser
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Robotics and Remote Systems
An Overview
Adam Carroll Adam Aaron Gordon Williams
Robotics vs. Remote Systems • My group specializes in Remote Systems, which can
include the use of robots.
• Define the difference… – According to Robotics Industries Association: “A robot is a
reprogrammable multifunction manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.
– Remote systems, is the manipulation of hazardous material, parts, tools through mechanical means or programmable devices.
Presentation Overview
• History of Remote Systems • Robotics at ORNL • Where robots are really used • Future of robotics
History of Robotics
A long time ago in a galaxy far far away…
There were robots!
But, Here on Earth
• US remote systems development started at ORNL with the Manhattan Project (1942-46). • With the goal to create distance between
people and hazardous radiation. – But why?
Two Ways to Protect People
Distance and Shielding
• Distance – Imagine being in a dark room with one light bulb, as you move
away from the light less of the light hits you. This same principle is true for radiation.
Distance
• To achieve distance from the radioactive source, long poles with a hook or impact wrench provide a good method of protecting personnel • This method is still used today
Distance and Shielding
• Shielding – Concrete, steel, lead, even water can protect you from radiation
Shielding
• Shield allows personnel to be closer to a hazard, but now what??? • Through-the-wall
manipulators were developed • Purely mechanical
systems composed of gears, metal tapes, and wires.
Through-the-Wall Manipulator • This technology is used today at ORNL and other
research facilities around the world • Capable of complex motion
Hot Cell Design (small cell)
• A Hot Cell is a shielded room that contains radioactive material and/or contamination • Through-the-wall
manipulator are excellent for small cells that require dexterous handling • However, the range
is limited • What if the cell
needs to be larger?
Through-‐the-‐Wall Manipulators
• Small cell • Dexterous handling • Light capacity
Range of each manipulator arm
Technician
Manipulators
Power Arm
• Next step in remote system is the power arm • Each dial connected to one motor on the power arm • Slow to operate, must carefully plan handling operation
Hot Cell Design (large cell)
• Power arm typically mounted on a bridge crane and telescoping tube set • Allows for access all
over the cell
• Large cell • Slow handling • High capacity possible
Bridge Crane Technician
Switch Control Box
TV Monitors
Power Arm
Power Arm • Today power arms are commonly used by bomb squads
Power Arm + Computer = Robot
• The industrial robot was invented in the 1950s by Joseph Engelberger and George Devol. • First applied to a GM
automotive die casting assembly line in 1961/62 • The age of robot
manufacturing begins!
Robotic Manufacturing
Through-the-Wall Manipulator + Power Arm ~= Servomanipulator
• Through-the-wall manipulators have dexterity but limited operational range • Power Arms can operate remotely, but slow to control • The servomanipulator provides the dexterity and the range.
All Digital
Servomanipulators
• Use a series of servo-motors on both the Master and the Manipulator. • A servo-motor has a position sensor – As the Master moves the motors on the Manipulator side match the
position of the Master. • The operator does not need to pay attention to individual joints,
like with power arms, but focus on the remote handling task.
Servomanipulator
Servomanipulator Deployed at Spallation Neutron Source
• Dual arm, mirror configuration • Digital Control • Force Reflecting • Force Ratio Control 2:1 up to 20:1 • 55 lbf (25 kg) continuous /100 (45 kg) lbf peak capacity
SNS Control Room
• The servo master station and attendant video systems are co-located with the bridge and cell utility control systems to unify operations.
• Interconnected bridge, video, and audio controls at each window workstation are also required to facilitate efficient operator interface
History Outside of ORNL…
• Robotics is a huge field that has interesting beginnings… The Tortoise invented by Grey Walter • Light sensors, touch sensors, propulsion
motor, steering motor, and two vacuum tube analog computers (amazing the computer could be sized this small)
• AutomaIcally moved towards light and away aJer physically contacIng an obstacle
• Reac8ve behavior
History Outside of ORNL…
• Stanford Research Institute developed the first general-purpose mobile robot • Able to reason about its
own actives • Communicated remotely
with massive computer • Deliberative AI
Outside of ORNL…
• Robots of all types have been invented… • Anthropomorphic • Animal-like • Unmanned vehicles • Industrial • Future
Anthropomorphic Robotics
• Looks and functions like a human • Creepy factor
Animal-Like Robots
Robot Eel
Big Dog
Snake Robots – Yeah, just like the eel but can’t go in water!
Unmanned vehicles
Google’s driverless car, plus it gets good gas mileage.
Military UAVs
Quadrotor – The UAV for the everyone
Industrial Robotics
Common Industrial Robot Skilled technician required to program Baxter – teach and repeat robot
Easy to program and implement
Future Robotics
• Lower cost • Easier to program • More capable • More common
• But only time will tell…
What Now?
If you want a future in robotics! Here are a few things you should do...
1. Right Now
• Take Physics • Do well in your math classes • Join FIRST Robotics
2. College
• Few colleges offer a degree in robotics engineers so, select a degree in… – Mechanical engineering – Electrical engineering – Computer programing – Industrial engineering – Systems engineering – Computer science
3. Internships
• While in college take internships over the summers with companies or organizations that work in the field of robotics you are interested in. • https://www3.orau.gov/ORNL_TOppS/ • ORNL takes ~300 interns each summer – SULI – HERE – NESLS
4. You found a career!
Robotics is not just a job… it is a career with an excellent future.
Any Questions?