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“AFFORESTATION ON DRY LAND”

Bechan ChaudharyM.Sc. General Forestry

First Year/1st semRoll # 39

Presentation out line

• Introduction• Methods• Discussion• Conclusion and recommendation• References

Introduction

• Dry area is an area which receives less than 900mm of rainfall annually.

• Dry lands occupy 6.15 billion hectares or 47.2% of the world's land area.

• Annual rainfall varies from 250-750mm in dry areas .• .Afforestation is the planting of trees to create a

forest on non-forest land but it is differ from Refforestaion

INTRODUCTION CONTD…..

• China - highest afforestation rate of any country in the world, with 47,000 sq k.m afforestation in 2008.

• Spain had the third fastest afforestation rate in Europe in the 1990-2005 period, , a total of 44,360 sq k.m. were afforested ( FAO statistics )

• Around 9.09 lakh hac afforested in Gujarat,India during the last 10 years (The times of india,22 aug,2013)

INTRODUCTION CONTD…..

Major plantation activities in Nepal were carried out in the late seventies and or during eighty. FAO (2006).

• TCN In FY 1989, more than 28,000 hectares were targeted for afforestation, but only 23,000 hectares were afforested that year. (http://www.mongabay.com/history/nepal/forests,_nepal )

• The total plantation of Nepal comes to 1.3% of total forest area of the country. considering the plantation area word wide which accounts for 3.8% of global forest area (FAO 2006)

year Plantation1990 49000 hac2000 52000 hac2005 53000 hac

Introduction contd..

Why afforestation?

• The main purposes of afforestation are 1. commercial forestry• To increase the production of timber.• To increase the production of fuel and small timber.• Improvement of Agro-ecosystem.

2. Environmental restoration or preservation. • Soil conservation.• Protection of catchment of rivers.• Increasing natural beauty of landscape.

DiscussionAfforestation of dry areas without irrigation:

locality factor• Less moisture and high temperature; Severe frost in winter.

Human and animal pressure is great.Soil preparation • conserve maximum moisture by digging as deep• contour trench are made .(if sloppy area) Species selecton-• fast growing as well as frost and drought –resistance eg khair,

Sisso , kalo siris, Cassia fistula, Cassia simea, Azedirachta indica. Eucalyptus. Prosopis juliflora.

Plantation• Most of the species can be raised by direct sowing chiefly but

as the moisture is limiting factor ,it is better if plants rasied in polythene bags are planted out as far as possible.

DiscussionAfforestation of dry areas with irrigation: contd..

• It is done on a small scale in a few state in india such as Hariyana, rajasthan and Tamil nadu.

• In Nepal mostly done in rainy seasons.• Locality factors must be considered while

afforestation work done. such as Less rainfall, Less soil moisture and high temperature ,Winter Frost and Low water table.

• In order to irrigate the area should be level as far as possible & divided in to rectangular compartments and should be connected with irrigation channels.

DiscussionAfforestation of dry areas with irrigation:

• better to raised mixed plantation of Dalbergia sissoo , Eucalyptus, Bombax ceiba, Morus, Syzygium, Acacia arabia. Dalbergia sissoo and Bombax ceiba, Morus, is raised by stump.

• If irrigation is assured spring planting is done. otherwise monsoon planting is done.

• Plantations are irrigated for 2-3 years at least. 10-15 irrigation in first year. 6-10 irrigation in 2nd year. 5 irrigation in 3rd year

• Sowing And polybags planting can be done

Promotion of plants growth

In the dry areas growth is promoted by ensuring maximum penetration

and retention of water(practices applied Keniya)

Sub soiling before the rains

Circular water harvesting structure Rocks & pebbles as mulch

W – shaped micro catchment

V – shaped micro catchment

Conclusions and Recommendations:

• Afforestation can be done for the purpose of commercial forestry as well as environmental preservation.

• In dry land regions, suitable species are fast growing as well as frost and drought –resistance .It depends on site composition

• massive afforestation have a meaningful influence on global climate and on mitigating the increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.

• Many NG/NGO directly engage in programs of afforestation to create forests, increase carbon capture and sequestration, and help to anthropogenically improve biodiversity.

Recommendations:

• Well documented National afforestation plan should be prepare to increase rate of afforestation.

• People participation should be more focused for protection of successful of afforestation.

THANK YOU