ALKANES•GENERAL FORMULA•MOLECULAR FORMULA•STRUCTURAL FORMULA•NAME OF EACH MEMBER

•Physical properties•Chemical properties

ALKANES•GENERAL FORMULA•MOLECULAR FORMULA•STRUCTURAL FORMULA•NAME OF EACH MEMBER

4CH

62HC

83HC

104HC

125HC

146HC

167HC

188HC

209HC

2210HC

Naming alkanes• Identify the stem

• Identify the branch (if any)

• Put numbering on the main chain

• Name the branch first, then the stem

1 2 3

propane

1 2 3 4

n-butane

1 2 3 4 5

n-pentane

Naming alkanes• Identify the stem

• Identify the branch (if any)

• Put numbering on the main chain

• Name the branch first, then the stem

12345

2- methylpentane

1 2 3 4 5

2,4- dimethylpentane

ALKANES•PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

ALKANES•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

COMBUSTION

SUBSTITUTION REACTION

SUBSTITUTION REACTION

Example:Reaction of methane with chlorine in the presence of UV

Cl

Cl

EquationStep 1CH4 + Cl2 ---------> CH3Cl + HCl

step 2CH3Cl + Cl2 -------> CH2Cl2 + HCl

EquationStep 3CH2Cl2 + Cl2 ---------> CHCl3 + HCl

step 4CHCl3 + Cl2 -------> CCl4 + HCl

ALKANES•CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

COMBUSTIONExample :

Methane burns in excess air

C

H

H

H

H

C H H

H H

equation

OHCOOCH 2224 22