G1 (K4)Jasmine anak Dadi @ Tiap (47064)

Faizzatun Nisha Fauzan (46766)Argie Asun Lumberio Lim (46333)

Ramizah Binti Rasdi (48759)

INTRODUCTION

BODY :1. Changes in the brain in the Alzheimer’s Disease2. What Causes Alzheimer’s3. Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease4. Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

CONCLUSION

What is Alzheimer?

Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disease that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills

The Alzheimer’s disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer .

Who found it?

Features of the disease?

Plaques and tangles in the brain are two of the main features of Alzheimer’s disease. The third is the loss of connections between nerve cells (neurons) in the brain.

Changes in the brain in the Alzheimer’s Disease

Neurons lose their ability to function and communicate with each other, and eventually they die.

Basically Alzheimer’s Disease have 3 stages which are the Very early Alzheimer’s, Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s and Severe Alzheimer’s.

As Alzheimer’s disease progresses,neurofibrillary tangles spread throughoutthe brain (shown in blue). Plaques alsospread throughout the brain, starting in theneocortex. By the final stage, damage iswidespread, and brain tissue has shrunksignificantly.

Alzheimer TimelineVery Early Alzheimer Disease

Memory problems are typicallyone of the first warning signs of

cognitive loss, possibly due to thedevelopment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s

Mild - Memory loss worsens, and changes inother cognitive abilities are evident.For example,getting lost, trouble handling moneyand paying bills.

Moderate - In this stage, damage occurs in areasof the brain that control language,reasoning,sensory processing,andconscious thought.Patient may havehallucinations, delusions, and paranoia,and may behave impulsively.

Severe Alzheimer’sBy the final stage, plaques and tangleshave spread throughout the brain. Near the end, the person may be in bed most or all of the time as the body shuts down.

AgeGenetic

GenderEnvironmental / lifestyle factor

Age

Between the age of 65, 74,85 and older.

These age changes include shrinking of certain part of the brain.

The production of unstable molecules.

Genetic

Inheritance of genes. The patient having Alzheimer’s in the family is associated with higher risk.

Many studies have linked the apolipoproteinE(APOE) gene to late-onset Alzheimer’s.

Twice as many women as men over 65 with Alzheimer.

Lack of the hormone estrogen after the menopause.

Gender

Environmental/lifestyle factor

Medical condition such as diabetes, stroke and heart problem.

Eating unhealthy diet

Seldom doing physical exercise

Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease

Doctors may asked question about overall health, past medical problems, ability to carry out daily activities and changes in behavior and personality.

Conducting the test of memory, problem solving, attention, counting and language.

Perform brain scans such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish Alzheimer’s from other possible causes for symptoms like stroke or tumor.

Treating Alzheimer’s Disease

Maintaining mental function by using drugs in regulating neurotransmitter to maintain thinking, memory and speaking skills.

Managing behavioral symptoms either by drugs or non drugs.

Participating in clinical trials to help the scientist learn about brain in healthy aging as well what happens in Alzheimer’s Disease.

Conclusion

Many scientist and physicians are now working together to untangle the mysteries of Alzheimer's including the factors which are genetic, biological and environmental factors.

Throughout the process in figuring out more information about the disease can bring us close to better managing and ultimately preventing the Alzheimer's disease.

Q & A SESSION