How to create a Bibliography:

using the APA Referencing Style

What is a Bibliography?

!   A Bibliography is a list of all material used in the preparation of your assignment. It is usually in alphabetical order of author's surname. If a resource has no author, list it in alphabetical order by the first 3 letters of the title, ignoring the words A, and The at the beginning of a title.  

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Hints

!   :Remember to write down the bibliographic details of a resource as you use it. Don't wait until the end of the assignment, when you have returned some of the resources, and think 'which book did I use? Where is it?' 

What bibliographic details do I need to reference

different types of resources?

Book

!   Author's surname, author's initial. !   Publication date (in brackets).

!   Title – italics.

!   Place of publication: Publisher.

•  Kourik, R. (2010). The lavender garden. San Francisco: Chronicle Books

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Book chapter !   Author's surname, author's initial – of chapter !   Publication date (in brackets).

!   Title of chapter

!   Author's surname, author's initial – of book

!   Title of book – italics.

!   Pages of chapter !   Place of publication: Publisher.

•  Prinze, T.P. (2001). Colours of the rainbow. In F.M. Hood & T.S. Center (Eds.). Colour spectrums. (pp. 74-85). New York, NY: Scott Press.

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Journal article

•  Author surname, Initial

•   Publication date - in brackets

•   Title of article',

•   Title of periodical - italics, •   Volume,

•   Number in brackets

•   Page number

•  Smith, M., & Brown, L. (2010). A look at gaming in education. Schools and Education, 12(6), 123-134.

Electronic journal article from online database

•  Author surname, Initial •   Publication date - in brackets •   Title of article', •   Title of periodical - italics, •   Volume, •   Number in brackets •   Page number

•  .Retrieved from – URL of online database

•  Baker, V., Smiths, K., & Dodd, Y. (2010). Changing careers in mid stream. Australian Journal of Careers, 23(4), 19–25. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/

Newspaper article

!   Author surname, Initial. !   Publication date - in brackets

!   Title of article',

!   Title of newspaper - italics,

!   Page number.

!   Shaw, P. (2011, May 12). Mining shares drop, The Australian, p.12. 

Encyclopedia article

!   Author's surname, author's initial – of article !   Publication date (in brackets).

!   Title of article.

!   Volume number and pages of encyclopedia

!   Place of publication: Publisher

•  Barker, D. (2007). Tiger cubs. In International encyclopedia of animals. (Vol. 3, pp. 22-27). New York: N.Y.: Notable Press.

Audio Visual Material •  Surname and initials of producer . Surname and initials of writer/director

•  Production date (in brackets)

•  Title in italics

•  Media type in square brackets

•  Place of production •  Studio name

Movie: Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000). You can count on me [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures. DVD: same as above but [DVD] in square brackets

TV program: Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (1993, October 11). The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington, DC: Public Broadcasting Service.

Webpage with an author  

. Author surname and initials

•   Date webpage created – in brackets . Hint: you will find this at the bottom of the page

•   Title of web page in italics

•   Retrieved and date retrieved

•   from full URL 

•  Luikkonen ,P. (2008). Roald Dahl (1916-1990). Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://kirjasto.sci.fi/rdahl.htm

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Webpage with no author  

. Title of webpage in italics

•   Date webpage created (in brackets) Hint: you will find this at the bottom of the page

•   Retrieved and date retrieved

•   from full URL 

•  Roald Dahl. (2011)  Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://www.roalddahl.com/.

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Personal communication

!   Forms of personal communication include letters, telephone conversations, personal interviews and e-mail messages.

!   These are not included in your bibliography as they cannot be traced by the reader.

!   You should refer to your source in the text of your assignment (in-text referencing).

•  Examples: 

•  D. Scott reported that 111 mm of rain fell in Turramurra yesterday.(personal communication, October 10, 2010)

. …races. (S.Smith, personal communication, May 24, 2011)...