AP World: Unit 1 Part 1

From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations

Chapter 1

Way back when…

Fire tamed 750,000 years ago Homo erectus emerged between

500,000 and 750,000 years ago– Reached population of 1.5 million

Homo sapiens emerged 100,000 Paleolithic era – prehistory

Diffusion of man

Based on Fernandez-Armesto’s “The World”

Chronology: Early Human Migration

150,000 yrs ago

Hypothetical African Eve (H. sapiens )

100,000 yrs ago

H. sapiens migrates out of Africa to Middle East

67,000 yrs ago H. sapiens in China

60,000 yrs ago H. sapiens reestablishes colony in Middle East

50,000 yrs ago H. sapiens in Australia

40,000 yrs ago H. sapiens in Europe

15,000 yrs ago H. sapiens in the Americas

Paleolithic Life•Hunters-and-gatherers•Nomadic life•Groups of 20-30•Tools of wood/stone•Emergence of language

BRRRRRR

• Ice Age begins about 150,000 yrs ago

• Peaks at 18,000 yrs and starts to thaw after that

• World emerges from the Ice Age between 15,000-20,000 years ago

Other Developments

Early Religious Beliefs

Animism– Belief that the world

is full of spirits and forces that might reside in animals, objects, or dreams

– How do we know this?

Cave paintings Elaborate burial

ceremonies

The warmth means…

Better climate = population increase = search for better/new food sources

Retreat of big game = smaller hunting yields = increasing reliance on other animals for dairy and skins

Also increasing dependence on regular harvests

Neolithic Agricultural Revolution

The New Stone Age (8500-3500 BCE)– Seeds

Wow! If you scatter seeds on the ground, plants later grow in the same place! (not quite…but close…)

– Domesticating animals Chicken, goat, cow, horse, llama, etc. Pastoralism – nomadic herding

Effects of the Agricultural Revolution

– Changing ways of life Status of women declines (no longer “equal”

contributors) Warfare increases Acquire more possessions (material girls)

– New Technology Develop calendars to time planting and harvesting Use animals to plow Tools to make farming easier

– Pros and Cons to Agricultural and Pastoral Life? Pros: supports more people Cons: more labor intensive/more man hours And the Awesome Chart!!!

From Fernandez-Armesto “The World”

What are tools made with? Wood Stone Bone And then it gets better!

– Copper – Bronze! (Bronze Age ~3000 BCE)

Three crafts that really develop during the Neolithic Age:– Textiles– Metallurgy– Pottery

Features of Civilization

Split up – Why are these features of civilization? What do these features suggest about a society?

1 – Cities 2 – Well-organized central governments 3 – Complex regions 4 – Job specialization 5 – Social classes 6 – Arts and architecture 7 – Public works 8 -- Writing

Early Cities

Jericho – Palestine, near the Jordan River, going strong by 7000 BCE– Early walled

urban culture based on sedentary agriculture

– Modern day Israel

Catal Huyuk

• Catal Huyuk – southern Turkey (Anatolia), • c. 7000 BCE• Most advanced

human center of Neolithic Age

Rise of Civilizations

Four major areas– Tigris-Euphrates – Nile River– Indus River– Huang He River