Presented by: Class: SI/MasterIBenyoucef Rahima Benseghir Sara Bentiba HalaBenyahia Aicha Scholar year:2015_2016

University Of Batna Department Of English

Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

Outline:DefinitionDifferent namings of the disorderSymptomsWho can develop ADHDTypes of ADHDCauses of ADHDTreatments of ADHDADHD vs high activity How to teach students with ADHDconclusion

Questions : Does your child/student or little brother have trouble

paying attention?

Does he or she talk nonstop or have trouble staying

still?

Does he have a hard time controlling his or her

behavior?

If yes ; he might be developing a mental disorder like

ADHD and those unusual activities can be its symptoms.

What is attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD?

ADHD is a common mental disorder that begins in

childhood and can continue through adolescence and

adulthood. It makes it hard for a child to focus and pay

attention. Some children may be hyperactive or have

trouble being patient. For children with ADHD, levels of

inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviors are

greater than for other children in their age group.

Different namings of the disoder:Health care professionals may use any of the

following terms when describing a child (or an older person) who is overactive and has difficulty concentrating: North Americans commonly use the terms ADD (attention deficit disorder) or ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). In the UK hyperkinetic disorder is the official term - however, ADD and ADHD have become widely used.

Who can develop ADHD?

Children of all backgrounds can have ADHD. Teens and adults can have ADHD too.

Switch too quickly from one activity to the next Get distracted easily and forget things often Have trouble finishing tasks like homework or chores Lose toys, books, and school supplies often Fidget and squirm a lot Talk nonstop and interrupt people Run around a lot Touch and play with everything they see Be very impatient Blurt out inappropriate comments

Children with ADHD may:

What are the symptoms of ADHD?

ADHD has many symptoms. Some symptoms at first

may look like normal behaviors for a child, but

ADHD makes them much worse and occur more

often. Children with ADHD have at least six

symptoms that start in the first 12 years of their lives.

It is important to note that the above signs may be observed in children frequently and usually do not mean the child has ADHD. It is when these signs become significantly more pronounced in one child, compared to other children of the same age, and when his/her behavior undermines his/her school and social life, that the child may have ADHD.

Three main types of ADHD:

There are three types of ADHD. They are defined according to which symptoms stand out the most.

1-Inattentive Type: Very difficult to organize /finish a task. Hard to pay attention to details Find it difficult to follow instructions or

conversations.

2-Hyperactive-Impulsive Type: The person finds it hard to keep still

Fidget and talk a lot.

Restless and impulsive.

Interrupting others and speaking at inappropriate times.

 Grabbing things.

Difficulty waiting their turn . Hard to listen to directions.

* A person with this type of ADHD will have more injuries and/or accidents than others.

3-Combined Type :A person whose symptoms include all those of 1 and 2,

and whose symptoms are equally predominant. In other words, all the symptoms in 1 and 2 stand out equally.

What causes ADHD?

The exact cause of ADHD is unknown, but there are Three

factors related to its occurance.

Heredity

ADHD runs in families.

There are genetic characteristics that seem to be passed down. If a parent has ADHD, a child has more than a 50% chance of having it. If an older sibling has it, a child has more than a 30% chance.

II-Smoking or drinking during pregnancy

As well as:Birth complications

The very low birth weight

III- Toxic Exposure

Lead Exposure *Children with ADHD have high levels of lead in

their blood.

How do children with ADHD get better?

Children with ADHD can get better with treatment, but there is no cure. There are three basic types of treatment:

1. Medication: Several medications can help. The most common types are

called stimulants.

Medications help children focus, learn, and stay calm.

2. Therapy: There are different kinds of therapy.

Behavioral therapy can help teach children to control their behavior so they can

do better at school and at home.

3. Medication and therapy combined: Many children do well with both

medication and therapy.

PILLS OR CAPSULES

Teaching students with ADHD:

Since teachers are not doctors and medications are not under

teachers’ control, it may be more important simply to:

provide an environment where a student with ADHD can

organize choices and actions easily and successfully.

The rules and procedures can be generated jointly with the

child; they do not have to be imposed arbitrarily. as if the students

were incapable of thinking about them reasonably.

Insisting on reflective styles of working, but in ways that

do not imply undue criticism of the student with ADHD.

The more reflective students can complete a set of math

problems. In the meantime the teacher can help by making lists of

tasks or of steps in long tasks.

The teacher can help by dividing focused work into small,

short sessions rather than grouping it into single, longer sessions.

Differences in perceptions: ADHD versus high activity

Classroom life may sometimes aggravate ADHD without the

teacher intending for it to do so. A student with only a mild or

occasional tendency to be restless, for example, may fit in well

outdoors playing soccer , but feel unusually restless indoors during

class.

It also should not be surprising that teachers sometimes mistake

a student who is merely rather active for a student with ADHD,

Presumably because of cultural and language differences may

sometimes lead teachers to misinterpret students’ behavior. To

avoid making such mistakes, it is important to keep in mind that:

In true ADHD, restlessness, activity, and distractibility are

widespread and sustained. A student who shows such problems at

school but never at home, for example, may not have ADHD; he

may simply not be getting along with his teacher or classmates.

Conclusion : A student’s letter to his teacher:“ I am not crazy, lazy, bad, or stupid. In fact, my IQ score is most

likely above average, and many people with ADHD are also gifted.

But because my brain is wired differently than that of regular

students, I sometimes feel stupid or bad. Sometimes it’s hard for me

to admit that I need help. Sometimes it’s easier and less humiliating to

act like I understand or to act angry to distract you from finding out

that I am having trouble and so that the other kids in the class don't

know that I’m struggling. I need to know that you won’t make fun of

me and shame me when I ask for help.”

Meet a few accomplished people who have ADHD:

Justin Timberlake

Hilary Duff

Channing Tatum

Emma Watson

Robin Williams

Michael Phelps

Paris Hilton

Adam Levine

Jim Carrey

Will Smith